直接引語間接引語

1、 引用或轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話時，有兩種說法：一字不改的將別人的話加以引用和復(fù)述，并將它放在引號內(nèi)，叫作直直接引語接引語；用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，被轉(zhuǎn)述的話不放在括號內(nèi)，叫間接引語間接引語。 He said, “I am a doctor.”(直接引語) He said that he was a doctor.(間接引語) She said , “I like English very much.” (直接引語) She said that she liked English very much. (間接引語)1. 注意時態(tài)的變化注意時態(tài)的變化2. 注意人稱變化注意人稱變化3. 注意指示代詞的變化注意

2、指示代詞的變化4. 注意時間的變化注意時間的變化5. 注意地點的變化注意地點的變化6. 注意個別趨向動詞的變化注意個別趨向動詞的變化直接引語變成間接引語，句子結(jié)構(gòu)的變化 u陳述句的間接引語u一般疑問句的間接引語u特殊疑問句的間接引語u選擇疑問句的間接引語u祈使句的間接引語u反義疑問句的間接引語陳述句的間接引語陳述句的間接引語（轉(zhuǎn)述他人的陳述） He said, “I have been to the Great Wall. ” He said to us that he had been to the Great Wall . He said, “Ill give you an examina

3、tion next Monday. ” He told us that he would give us an examination the next Monday. 一般疑問句的間接引語一般疑問句的間接引語（轉(zhuǎn)述他人的疑問） He said, “Do you have any difficulty with pronunciation?” He asked (me) whether/if I had any difficulty with my pronunciation. He said, “You are interested in English, arent you?” He as

4、ked whether I was interested in English. 特殊疑問句的間接引語特殊疑問句的間接引語（轉(zhuǎn)述他人的問題） He said to me，“Whats your name?” He asked me what my name was. He asked us, “How many car factories have been built in your country?” He asked us how many car factories had been built in our country. 選擇疑問句的間接引語選擇疑問句的間接引語 He asked

5、, “Do you speak English or French?” He asked me whether I spoke English or French. I asked, “Will you take bus or take train?” I asked him whether he would take bus or take train. 祈使句的間接引語祈使句的間接引語l引述祈使句多半采用“動詞+賓語+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，常用的引述動詞有ask，tell，order等，直接引語若是否定式，not放在to前面 The teacher said to her mother, Plea

6、se give me the book.”The teacher told her mother to give her the book.反義疑問句的間接引語反義疑問句的間接引語常用的引述動詞“You have finished the homework, havent you?” my mother asked.My mother asked me whether/if I had finished the homework.直接引語變間接引語時直接引語變間接引語時, 時態(tài)要發(fā)生變化時態(tài)要發(fā)生變化:一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時一般將來時一般將來時一般過去時一

7、般過去時一般過去時一般過去時過去完成時過去完成時過去進(jìn)行時過去進(jìn)行時過去將來時過去將來時過去完成時過去完成時由直接引語轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)殚g接引語由直接引語轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)殚g接引語,下列情況下列情況時態(tài)不變時態(tài)不變:1. 不變的真理不變的真理nThe teacher said to us, The earth is round.” nThe teacher told us that the earth is round.2. 經(jīng)常的習(xí)慣：經(jīng)常的習(xí)慣： He said to the doctor, “I smoke two packs every day.” He told the doctor that he smo

8、kes two packs every day.3. 歷史事件：歷史事件： The teacher said, “World War ended in 1945.” The teacher said that World War ended in 1945.4. 部分情態(tài)動詞部分情態(tài)動詞,如如must, ought to, used to, had better等：等： She said to me: “You must hurry up.” She said that I must hurry up.5.5.主句謂語動詞的時態(tài)是現(xiàn)在或?qū)頃r態(tài)，主句謂語動詞的時態(tài)是現(xiàn)在或?qū)頃r態(tài)，在引述時，時

9、態(tài)不變。在引述時，時態(tài)不變。The teacher says，“She is a good student.”The teacher says that she is a good student.The teacher will say that she is a good student.1.1.直接引語中有一個確切的過去時間狀語直接引語中有一個確切的過去時間狀語 2.2.直接引語是過去完成時和過去進(jìn)行時直接引語是過去完成時和過去進(jìn)行時3.3.當(dāng)直接引語中有以當(dāng)直接引語中有以when, whilewhen, while，sincesince引引導(dǎo)的表示過去的時間狀語從句時導(dǎo)的表示過去的時間

10、狀語從句時4.4.當(dāng)引語是諺語、格言時當(dāng)引語是諺語、格言時5.5.當(dāng)直接引語中有情態(tài)動詞當(dāng)直接引語中有情態(tài)動詞should, would, could, had better, would rather, might, must, ought to, used to, need時時 6.6.直接引語是經(jīng)常發(fā)生的，習(xí)慣性的動作直接引語是經(jīng)常發(fā)生的，習(xí)慣性的動作從句時態(tài)無須改變的還有以下情況從句時態(tài)無須改變的還有以下情況: : 直接引語直接引語 間接引語間接引語指示代詞指示代詞 時時 間間 狀狀 語語 地點狀語地點狀語 方向性動詞方向性動詞 this, that, these those now,

11、 then, today that day this week that week yesterday the day before last week the week before four days ago four days before the day before yesterday two days before tomorrow the next daynext month the next month here there come, go,bring take 直接引語中的助動詞直接引語中的助動詞 間接引語中的助動詞間接引語中的助動詞shallshallshouldshou

12、ldshouldshouldshouldshould（不變）（不變）willwillwouldwouldwouldwouldwouldwould（不變）（不變）maymaymightmightmightmightmightmight（不變）（不變）cancancouldcouldcouldcouldcouldcould（不變）（不變）mustmustmust/had tomust/had to1. She said, “Are you from the south?” 2. Mom said to me, “Dont tell a lie.” 3. Susan said to me, “We

13、will visit the farm next week.” 4. Mr. Paul said to us, “Light travels faster than sound.” 5. “Go and post the letters,” the manager said to him. 6. “I cant find my wallet.” he said to me. 7. “I will take it home with me.” she said. 練習(xí)8. The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.”9. He said, “You can sit here, Jim.”10. He asked, “How do you find it, mother?”11.“Where