外刊經(jīng)貿(mào)知識選讀復習要點

1、LessonOneChinaintheMarketPlace 一、術語： manufacturedgoods制成品 capitalequipment資本貨物 balanceofpayments國際收支 currentaccount經(jīng)常項目 visibletradeaccount有形貿(mào)易項目 invisibletradeaccount無形貿(mào)易項目 tradesurplus貿(mào)易順差 tradedeficit貿(mào)易逆差 barter易貨貿(mào)易 compensationtrade補償貿(mào)易 counter-trade反向貿(mào)易 assemblymanufacturing組裝生產(chǎn) industrialandco

2、mmercialconsolidatedtax工商統(tǒng)一稅 jointventure合資企業(yè) deferredpayment延期付款 buyercredit買方信貸 suppliercredit賣方信貸 softloan軟貸款（低息貸款） MFNtreatment:MostFavoredNationtreatment最惠國待遇 PNTR:PermanentNormalTradingRelations永久性正常貿(mào)易關系 NI:NationalIncome國民收入 GNP:GrossNationalProduct國民生產(chǎn)總值 GDP:GrossDomesticProduct國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值 IBRD:I

3、nternationalBankforReconstructionandDevelopment國際復興和開發(fā)銀行 IDA:InternationalDevelopmentAssociation國際開發(fā)協(xié)會 IFC:InternationalFinanceCorporation國際金融公司 OECD:OrganizationforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment經(jīng)濟合作和發(fā)展組織 BIS:BankforInternationalSettlement國際清算銀行 EEC:EuropeanEconomicCommunity歐洲經(jīng)濟共同體 EU:EuropeanUni

4、on歐洲聯(lián)盟 FDI:ForeignDirectInvestment外商直接投資 二、詞語釋義： exacerbate:deteriorate惡化 disrupt:interrupt中斷 inthewakeof:following繼之后 breakdown:analysisbyclassification分類分析 buoyant:brisk上揚的，增產(chǎn)的 run-down:reduction mountexhibitions:holdexhibitions insofaras:totheextent在范圍之內(nèi) bottlenecks:obstacles;problemsthatretardor

5、haltfreemovementorprogress 三、句子翻譯： OfficialrecognitionthatforeigntechnologycouldplayamajorroleinmodernizingtheChineseeconomyhascausedimportstorisebymorethan50percentin1978,placingunduestrainonthenationaleconomy. 官方認為，外國技術可在中國經(jīng)濟現(xiàn)代化中起重要作用，這導致了1978年中國的進口增加了50%以上，從而給國民經(jīng)濟帶來了重壓。 Thedebtproblemsconfronting

6、anumberofdevelopingcountrieshavereinforcedChinasdetermination許多發(fā)展中國家面臨的債務問題使中國加強了這樣的決心：通過外國直接投資和優(yōu)惠付款方式引進國外技術，而不是利用在國際資本市場上籌集大筆資金的方式。在經(jīng)濟中的許多實際障礙如運輸能力不足和能源缺乏被 許多發(fā)展中國家面臨的債務問題使中國加強了這樣的決心：通過外國直接投資和優(yōu)惠付款方式引進國外技術，而不是利用在國際資本市場上籌集大筆資金的方式。在經(jīng)濟中的許多實際障礙如運輸能力不足和能源缺乏被克服之前，中國政府認為招來大筆外債的做法是不妥當?shù)摹?外刊經(jīng)貿(mào)知識選讀的串講資料（二）！ Les

7、sontwoTheCurtainGoesup 一、術語： ThespecialEconomicZone經(jīng)濟特區(qū) awell-placedsource一位高層消息靈通人士 infrastructure基礎設施 capitalstock實際資本 consumergoods消費品 preferentialtaxrate優(yōu)惠稅率 cooperativeenterprise合作（經(jīng)營）企業(yè) ETDZ（Economic&TechnicalDevelopmentZone）經(jīng)濟技術開發(fā)區(qū) entrepreneurship企業(yè)家精神 meansofproduction生產(chǎn)資料 stock-taking評估 二、

8、詞語釋義： inpiecemealform:piecebypiece;gradually逐漸的 showpiece:aprimeoroutstandingexample典范 pipedream:fantasy;daydream;dreamthatcannotberealized白日夢 fromscratch:fromtheverybeginning從零開始，從最初開始 grassroots:basiclevel基層 thedustsettles:theconfusionends塵埃落定 inthedriversseat:inthedominantposition 三、句子翻譯： IntheSE

9、Zs,whicharebeingbuiltalmostfromscratch,foreignerscaninvestinanythingwhichthestatedeemsusefulforthecountry,beit,forexample,productionofgoodsforexportorconstructionofprivate-housingestates. 在一切幾乎從零開始的經(jīng)濟特區(qū)，只要中國政府認為對國家有益，外國人可對任何項目進行投資，例如出口貨物的生產(chǎn)或私人住宅的房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)。 So,whilecomprehensiveframeworkforthecountrysmod

10、ernizationhasbeenprovidedbythecentralcommittees21October1984decisiontoreformtheeconomicstructure,itwillbesometimebeforethedustsettlesandlocalauthoritiesandforeigninvestorscandealwithoneanotherinasystematicway. 因此，雖然中央委員會1984年10月21日的改革經(jīng)濟結構的決定為該國的現(xiàn)代化提供了一個綜合的框架，但要等塵埃落定、要等地方政府與外國投資者能有條不紊的打交道卻還需要一段時間。 Le

11、ssonThreeBeijingRising 一、術語： economicheavyweight舉足輕重的經(jīng)濟強國 commercialhub商業(yè)活動中心 Percapita人均 GrossNationalProduct國民生產(chǎn)總值 punitiveimporttariff懲罰性進口關稅 securities有價證券 realestatemarket房地產(chǎn)市場 “GreaterChina tradebloc“大中華”貿(mào)易集團 conglomerate跨行業(yè)公司 consortium國際財團 二、詞語釋義： jockey:move isbustlingwith:isfilledwith gidd

12、y:dizzy;euphoric farfetched:improbable;incredible clear:earnanetprofit Deal a hard blow to: strike heavily rung: level retaliation: return of ill treatment for ill treatment; revenge; reprisal career out of control: run out of control 三、句子翻譯： With the U.S. Congress due to consider the renewaldealaha

13、rdblowto:strikeheavily rung:level retaliation:returnofilltreatmentforilltreatment;revenge;reprisal careeroutofcontrol:runoutofcontrol 三、句子翻譯： WiththeU.S.CongressduetoconsidertherenewalofChinasmost-favorednationtradestatusinJune,officialsinBeijingfearthetradeimbalancecouldsurpasshumanrightsasasourceo

14、fU.S.oppositiontopreferredstatusforChina.Beijinghascutthisyearsgrowthtargetfrom10to8.5percent,inanefforttokeeptheeconomyfromcareeringoutofcontroljustasitwascutbackin1989and1990whenitoverheated. LessonfourTheEconomicScene:AGlobalPerspective 一、術語： centrally-plannedeconomy中央計劃經(jīng)濟 marketeconomy市場經(jīng)濟 disin

15、flationary(anti-inflationary)policies反通貨膨脹政策 deflation通貨緊縮 short-termdollarinterestrates短期美元利率 commoditymarket商品市場 nominal(dollar)terms名義（美元）價 constant(dollar)terms不變（美元）價 businesscycle商業(yè)周期 weightedaverage加權平均數(shù) hardcurrencies硬通貨 fiscaladjustment財政調(diào)整 portfolioinvestment有價證券投資 marketdiversification市場多

16、元化 tightcreditpolicy緊縮的信貸政策 exchange-ratedevaluation匯率貶值 accommodativemonetarypolicy融通性貨幣政策 yieldcurve收益曲線 percapitaGDP人均國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值 GATT:GeneralAgreementonTariffsandTrade關貿(mào)總協(xié)定 EMS:EuropeanMonetarySystem歐洲貨幣體系 GDPdeflator消除國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值通貨膨脹因素指數(shù)（GDP平減指數(shù)） CMEA(Comecon):CouncilforMutualEconomicAssistance經(jīng)互會 LIBOR:

17、LondonInter-BankOfferedRate倫敦同業(yè)銀行優(yōu)惠利率 二、詞語釋義： inarow:insuccession easing:slowingdown;decrease momentum:forceofmovement underlying:beingatthebasisof slackening:slowingofspeed compound:worsen moderateinflation:easeinflation robust:strongandhealthy setbacks:frustrations slump:depression edgedown:movesl

18、owlydown depreciation:devaluation spike:abruptincrease pick-up:recoveryreinin:control bottoming-out:reachingthelowestpointbeforerisingagain（止跌回升） 三、句子翻譯： AlthoughtheweaknessindemandintheUnitedStatesledtoasharpdeclineinshort-termdollarinterestratesapositivedevelopmentformanydevelopingcountriesitalsoc

19、ontributedtoadropofover6percentinnonoilcommoditypricesandtoaslackening,to3percent,inthegrowthofworldtrade.IncreasinglybuoyantintraregionaltradeinEastAsiamaybeviewedasevidenceofanongoingprocessof“market-oriented”regionalintegration,adevelopmentthatcouldpartiallyoffsetlacklusterprogressintheLesson Fiv

20、e U.S. is Prepared to See Trade Relations Worsen 一、術語： trade representative貿(mào)易談判代表 government procurement政府采購 NAFTA（North America Free Trade Agreements）北美自由貿(mào)易協(xié)定 trade sanctions貿(mào)易 LessonFiveU.S.isPreparedtoSeeTradeRelationsWorsen 一、術語： traderepresentative貿(mào)易談判代表 governmentprocurement政府采購 NAFTA（NorthAme

21、ricaFreeTradeAgreements）北美自由貿(mào)易協(xié)定 tradesanctions貿(mào)易制裁 tradehawks貿(mào)易中主張強硬路線的鷹派人物 二、詞語釋義： tough:uncompromising（不妥協(xié)的，強硬的） discrimination:unfairtreatment sanctions:penalty escalate:develop;intensify frictions:conflicts procurement:purchase bebulliedintodoing:beforcedtodo isawaketo:isconsciousof amenableto:

22、responsiveto araggedstart:apoorstart 三、句子翻譯： Administrationofficialsseelittleriskthatthismoreaggressivepolicycouldescalateintoafull-fledgedtradewarthatwouldshocktheworldsfragileeconomies.Thus,theadministrationwillnotbedeterredbycomplaintsthatithasmovedto“protectionism.”Insomeways,Mr.Clintonandhisadv

23、isersarefollowingthesamewell-trodpathastheBushadministration,whichthreatenedsanctionsagainsttheCommunitylastyearandwalkedawayfromGATTnegotiationsratherthansignanagreementthatwouldprovideonlysmallgainsforU.S.companies. LessonSixEconomicTroublesCloudNewMarketsFuture 一、術語： thesinglemarket統(tǒng)一大市場Maastrich

24、tTreaty馬斯特里赫特條約 barrier-freemarket無壁壘市場free-tradezone自由貿(mào)易區(qū) referendum公民復決投票merger兼并 budgetcuts預算削減politicalandeconomicintegration政治經(jīng)濟一體化 deregulation放松管制privatization私有化 二、詞語釋義： bigbang:strongandpowerfuleffect;impact（不同凡響的效果） sour:worsenbacklash:astrongadversereaction beburstingto:beeagerto（迫不及待地）sk

25、id:slide;fall gushabout:talkaboutwithexcessiveenthusiasm（滔滔不絕地談論） translateinto:transformintohangover:impendover;threaten 三、句子翻譯： Yetinitscurrentdourmood,Europerisksalmostoverlookingtherevolutionarystepforwardithastakenincreatingtheworldslargestandwealthiestbarrier-freemarketandonacontinentwhere,for

26、centuries,economicbattleshaveledtosomeofhistorysbloodiestLesson Seven Japan Says No 一、術語： free trade自由貿(mào)易trade sanctions貿(mào)易制裁 fiscal packages財政一攬子計劃managed trade管理貿(mào)易 trade balance貿(mào)易差額multilateral rules多邊規(guī)則 economic cycle經(jīng)濟周期budget def LessonSevenJapanSaysNo 一、術語： freetrade自由貿(mào)易tradesanctions貿(mào)易制裁 fiscal

27、packages財政一攬子計劃managedtrade管理貿(mào)易 tradebalance貿(mào)易差額multilateralrules多邊規(guī)則 economiccycle經(jīng)濟周期budgetdeficit預算赤字 tradereprisals貿(mào)易報復 二、詞語釋義： drawtheline:setlimits;refusetogoasfarasorbeyond（劃定界限；不肯做到或超越某種程度） diedown:disappeargraduallyforeshadow:isasignof;represents;indicates capitulateto:yieldtothrust:princip

28、alconcernorobjective gearedto:adjustedtotakesbtotaskfor:reprimandsbfor;criticizesbfor isatpainsto:makesagreateffortto;workshardtoofitsownaccord:voluntarily;spontaneously export-driven:export-led;export-orientedinduecourse:attherighttime caveinto:giveinto 三、句子翻譯： ItspolicyistoopensomeJapanesemarkets(

29、whichitdeemstobeclosed)bysettingimporttargetsanapproachtotradepolicythatsupporterscall“results-oriented”.Thisuglytermforeshadowsuncertainconsequences.FarfromcapitulatingtothisnewthrustofAmericantradepolicy,Japanistakingastandthatcouldleadtoatrans-Pacificconfrontation.Inadditiontothecustomarydryanaly

30、sis,thisyearseditionwillputJapanssideofanargumentthathas,untilnow,beendominatedbyAmericanandEuropeancritiques.ItfollowsanotherMITIreport,publishedthisweek,thattakesAmerica,theEuropeanCommunityandotherlargetradingpartnerstotaskfortheir“unfairtradingpractices”. LessonEightHereComesKorea,Inc. 一、術語： Sil

31、iconValley硅谷state-of-the-arttechnology最先進的技術 microprocessor微信息處理機dumping傾銷 licensor轉讓人insolvency無償還能力 marketforces市場力量ahermitnation一個閉關自守的國家 fledglingindustries新興工業(yè)nouveauriche暴發(fā)戶 braintrust智囊團technocrat技術專家治國論者 taxbreaks減稅；稅額優(yōu)惠bankruptcy破產(chǎn) xenophobia排外；對外國人恐懼或仇視 二、詞語釋義： delveinto:makeresearchesinto

32、ispoisedfor:isreadyfor churnout:produceinlargequantitiesclout:influence;power beloston:failtoinfluenceorattracttheattentionofedge:advantage upsetonesapplecart:spoilonesplan houseofcards:astructure,planorsituationwhichistoobadlyarrangedtosucceed不可*的計劃或體制 the lions share: the largest portion curbmoney

33、market:amarketfortradinginsecuritiesnotlistedonastockexchange場外證券 houseofcards:astructure,planorsituationwhichistoobadlyarrangedtosucceed不可*的計劃或體制 thelionsshare:thelargestportion curbmoneymarket:amarketfortradinginsecuritiesnotlistedonastockexchange場外證券交易市場 三、句子翻譯： Theiroftenhelter-skelterexpansionh

34、ascreatedmonopoliesinmanyindustriesandresultedinwidespreadinefficiency;somecompaniesarerunbymanagerswhosequalificationsarelimitedtotheirfamilytiestothefounder.Andbecausemostofthisexpansionhasbeenfinancedthroughborrowedmoney,thechaebolhavegrownincreasinglyvulnerabletobusinesssetbacksandchangesofecono

35、micclimate.AsaWesternbankerinSeoulbluntlyputsit:“Itsahouseofcards.”ThechallengeforChunistoreininthechaebolwithoutdamagingtheirabsolutelyessentialcontributiontotheKoreaneconomy-andwithoutsteppingonthetoesofthechaebolsenormouslypowerfulchieftains. LessonNineProsperityPersistsintheUAE 一、術語： GCC(GulfCo-

36、operationCouncil)海灣合作委員會 sovereigntydispute主權爭端 Ramadan齋月 carbontax雙重稅 surcharge附加稅 OPEC（OrganizationofPetroleumExportingCountries）石油輸出國組織 tenders招標 reexports再出口；復出口 certificateoforigin原產(chǎn)地證明書 lossleaderphilosophy虧本招徠方式 二、詞語釋義： addweighttoonesvoice:addtoonesinfluence headoff:prevent beforthrightabout

37、:bestraightforwardabout isridinghighon:ishavinggreatsuccess spin-off:derivedeffect;by-product副效應；副產(chǎn)品 showteeth:showpower;showeffectivemeansofenforcement顯示威力；顯示效力 upforgrabs:availableforanyonetotakeorwin群起而爭的；待價而沽的 三、句子翻譯： Dubaitradersarenotundulyconcernedbytheintroductionon21MarchofanIranian20percen

38、timportsurchargeastheyconsiderdemandforgoodstobesostrongthatthesurchargewillhavelittleimpact.Itisnocoincidencethatgovernmentdepartmentsinthevariousemiratesarewelcomingbidsfromconsultantsthatarenewtothearea 外刊串講（六） LessonTenFreerTrade,withLuck 一、術語： anti-dumpingmeasures反傾銷措施 subsidies補貼 countervailin

39、g duties反補貼稅 government procurement政府采購 barriers to-trade (trade barriers)貿(mào)易壁壘 intellectual property知識資產(chǎn) trade liberalization貿(mào)易自由化 WTO: World Trade Organization世界貿(mào)易組織 CAP countervailingduties反補貼稅 governmentprocurement政府采購 barrierstotrade(tradebarriers)貿(mào)易壁壘 intellectualproperty知識資產(chǎn) tradeliberalizatio

40、n貿(mào)易自由化 WTO:WorldTradeOrganization世界貿(mào)易組織 CAP:CommonAgriculturalpolicy共同農(nóng)業(yè)政策 二、詞語釋義： carryonesheartinonesboots:feelafraidandworried提心吊膽 subsidy:moneygrantedbygovernmenttoanindustrytokeeppricesatadesiredlevel allowfor:takeintoconsideration snag:bogdown,impede 三、句子翻譯： Onaconservativeestimate,theUruguayr

41、oundwouldpermanentlyraiseglobalwelfarebymorethan$100billionayear,spureconomicgrowtheverywhere(especiallyintheworldspoorestcountries)andextendcompetitiontohithertosheltered,andthereforebackward,partsofalleconomies.Byanystandards,itwouldbeahugelyvaluableachievement.Noindustryintheworldhasbeenpushedfur

42、ther,orsoneedlessly,fromtheliberalidealofguidingresourcestotheirbestusebymeansofpricessetinmarkets. LessonElevenTheComebackofInternationalBarter 一、術語： convertiblecurrency可兌換貨幣 cartel卡特爾 debtservice債息支付 debtor債務人 creditor債權人 TheUnitedNationsMonetaryandFinancialConference聯(lián)合國貨幣金融會議 IMF(InternationalMon

43、etaryFund)國際貨幣基金組織 二、詞語釋義： proceeds:moneygainedfromthesaleofsomething收入，收益 dipinto:spend;useup動用（存款） hammerout:talkaboutindetailandcometoadecision;producebyhardwork經(jīng)詳細討論得出；經(jīng)過大量工作而作出 breakdown:collapse payapremiumfor:payahigherpricefor 三、句子翻譯： Barterenduredforthousandsofyearsastheprimarymeansoftrade.

44、Colonialpowersforcedbilateralbarterupontheirclientstates,makingthecoloniestakeexpensivemanufacturedgoodsinreturnforbargain-pricerawmaterials,andprohibitingthemfromtradingwithothernations.InternationaltradewasLinkingimportsandexportsisawaytoexertpowerovermultinationalcorporations.Countriesthatlackexp

45、ertiseininternationalmarketingtrytousecountertradeasleveragetotapthenetworksofglobalfirms. 外刊串講（七) Le Linkingimportsandexportsisawaytoexertpowerovermultinationalcorporations.Countriesthatlackexpertiseininternationalmarketingtrytousecountertradeasleveragetotapthenetworksofglobalfirms. LessonTwelveSof

46、tDrinkWars:theNextBattle 一、術語： marketshare市場份額 testmarket試銷市場 coupons贈券 pricepromotion價格促銷 hardsell強行推銷手段 franchise特許經(jīng)營權 二、詞語釋義： bespoilingfor(afight):beveryeager(tofight)一心想；切望 pickon:singleout,espforsth。unpleasant liveupto:keeptothehighstandardsof makewayfor:allowroomfor讓位 flagshipbrand:leadingbra

47、nd;chiefbrand workoff:disposeof niche:asuitableplace letmuchtochance:letchancetodecide;letlucktodecide 三、句子翻譯： Iftheseproductsliveuptotheirearlyperformanceintestmarketsabigiftheycouldproduce$3billionayearinretailsales.Theskirmishesbetweenthecolagiantswillprecipitateabattleforsupermarketshelfspaceand

48、fortheloyaltyofbottlers.Thebigguyswillpressbottlerstodropcompetingbrandstomakewayfortheirnewproduct.Thebottlersmaynotgoalong.Muchoftheexpenseofintroducinganewproductblitzingconsumerswithcouponsandofferingdeepdiscountstoretailerstogettheproductontheshelvesisbornebythebottler.Heisreluctanttowalkawayfromhisinvestmentinanexistingbrandtoponyupforsomethingnew. LessonThirteenHongKongisTopsatCrackingU.S.ShellEggs 一、術語： fastfoodstores快餐店 supermarket超級市場 thewetmarket出