(完整word版)名詞性從句導(dǎo)學(xué)案

1、名詞性從句（ noun clauses ）Class：Name:教學(xué)目標(biāo)：掌握名詞性從句的四大類型以及它們的用法，并能判斷出練習(xí)中的句子屬于什么從句類型，會做一些簡單的練習(xí)。教學(xué)重點：1. 主語從句， 賓語從句， 表語從句， 同位語從句， 讓學(xué)生能判斷出一個復(fù)合句屬于什么類型的從句。2. 注意賓語從句的時態(tài)呼應(yīng)。教學(xué)難點：1. that 什么情況下可以省略，什么情況下不可以省略。2. whether 和 if 什么時候可以互換，什么時候不可以互換。3. 如何區(qū)分同位語從句與定語從句。教學(xué)過程：Lead in: exercises1._ the baby could speak made his

2、 parents very happy.A. ThatB. WhatC. WhyD. If2. I wonder _ you will go shopping or stay at home.A. thatB. ifC. whetherD. what3. This is _ he was often late for school.A. whatB. thatC. whyD. whether4. We all know the truth _ the earth _ around the sun.A. if; movedB. that; movesC. why; moveD. whether;

3、 move完成以上四個題目，并分別指出它們是什么從句，從而導(dǎo)出名詞性從句的學(xué)習(xí)。一名詞性從句的概念：一個句子在 連接詞 的引導(dǎo)下，在句子中起名詞作用 的句子叫名詞性從句。二名詞性從句的功能：相當(dāng)于名詞詞組 , 它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等。His job is important. (主語 )What he does is important. ( 主語從句 )This is his job. ( 表語 )This is what he does every day. ( 表語從句 )I don t likehis job. ( 賓語 )I dontlike what

4、 he does every day. ( 賓語從句 )I don t know aboutthe man, Mr. White. ( 同位語 )I don t know about the factthat he is a teacher. (同位語從句 )得出結(jié)論 ：因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能，名詞從句又可分為四類，即：主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。三引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞：1、連接代詞： who, whoever, whose, whom, whomever, what, which 。有詞義，在從句中擔(dān)任成分，如主語、表語、賓語、或定語等。I don t believe

5、 _ he has achieved so far._ breaks the law should be punished.2、連接副詞： when, where, why, how 。有詞義，在從句中擔(dān)任成分，作狀語。1_ we will hand in the project will be discussed later.Parents are thought to understand _ important education is to their children s future.The reason _ he was absent was that he was ill.3、

6、連接詞： that, whether, if, as if, as though 。 that 無詞義，在從句中不擔(dān)任成分，有時可省略； if (whether), as if 雖有詞義，但在從句中不擔(dān)任成分。I don t care about _ you have money or not.The problem is _ Tom is able to arrive on time._ the meeting will be held here is not decided yet.It looks _ it is going to rain.The truth is _he didn t

7、 come for the concert._ the earth is round is true.四名詞性從句的類型：1. 主語從句：在復(fù)合句中作主句的主語。 連接詞有 that, whether; who, what ,which; when ,where, how, why 等。 如 :_ he is a famous singer is known to us._ he will go to America is not yet fixed._ she s coming or not doesn t matter too much._ broke the glass yesterda

8、y is not clear.注意：1. 為避免主語冗長 ,句子頭重腳輕 , 經(jīng)常用 it 作形式主語 , 主語從句放在后面作真正的主語。記住以下 it 作形式主語的句型 ：It s likely / possible/ important / necessary / clear that很可能/ 重要的是 / 必要的是 / 很清楚 It s said / reported that據(jù)說 /據(jù)報道 It seems / appears / happens that顯然、明顯、碰巧It s been announced / declared that已經(jīng)通知 /宣布 It s no wonder

9、 that并不奇怪 /無疑 It s a pity/a fact /a common knowledge(眾所周知） / a common saying（俗話說） that It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey.A. whileB. thatC. ifD. forIt remains a question _ we can get so much money in such a short time.A. howB. thatC. whenD. whatIt is known to us _ where there is pollut

10、ion, there is harm.A. whichB. whereC. whatD. that2.單個的主語從句作主語時，謂語動詞用句單數(shù)形式；如果是兩個或兩個以上的主語作主語，謂語動詞則視情況而定。When and where he was born hasn tbeen found.When he was born and where he was born haven tbeen found.When and why the person was murdered is still unknown.When the person was murdered and why he was

11、 murdered are still unknown.Exercises:._ makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.A. WhatB. WhoC. WhateverD. Whoever2_I can pay back the help that people give me makes me very happy.A. WhereB. WhatC. ThatD. HowIt snot clear _ was responsible for the accident.A. WhoB. WhatC.

12、 HowD. That_ in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mailaccount.A. What is requiredB. What requiresC. It is requiredD. It requires2. 表語從句：在復(fù)合句中作主句的表語。 引導(dǎo)詞有連詞 that , whether, as if, as though; who, what, which, whose; when, where, how, why, because 等。如 :The pr

13、oblem is _ we didn t get in touch with him.This is _ Henry solved the problem.His suggestion is _ we (should) finish the work at once.It looked _ it was going to rain.The reason _ we didn't trust him is _ he has often lied 注意 ：1. 如果句子的主語是suggestion, advice, order, demand, proposal 等名詞時 ,后面引導(dǎo)的 表語

14、從句用should+ 動詞原形 ,should 可省略 。他的建議是我們應(yīng)該馬上完成工作. His suggestion is that we (should) finish the work at once.2. The reason why .is that 的理由是， 的原因是 The reason _ he was late again was _ he was caught in the traffic jam.The reason _ I have to go is _ my mother is ill in bed.A .why; whyB. why; becauseC. why

15、 ; thatD. that; because3. It is because這是因為 Exercises:This is _ she was born.A. whereB. whichC. thatD. whatThe question is _ we ca n t go there today.A. thatB. whatC. whichD. whenThe reason he has made such great progress is _ he has never wasted his time.A. becauseB. whyC. thatD. whatMy advice is t

16、hat he _ school by bike.A. go toB. would go toC. goes toD. went to_ she couldn t understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.A. What; whyB. That; whatC. What; becauseD. Why; thatEnergy is _ makes things work.A. whatB. everythingC. somethingD. anything3.賓語從句：在復(fù)合句中作主句的賓語。引

17、導(dǎo)詞有連詞that , whether, if;who, whom,whose,what ,which; when ,where, how, why等。在謂語動詞、介詞、動詞不定式、分詞、動名詞之后都可以帶有賓語從句。某些形容詞如sure,happy, glad,certain,pleased等之后也可以帶有賓語從句。如 :(1) V + 賓語從句，即“動賓” ：We believe that he is honest.3I asked if they had a cheap suit.Can you tell me which dictionary is hers?I really don

18、t know what he is doing.I just donnderstandu_ that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as onemight expect.A .why it doesB. what it doesC. what it isD. why it is- Don t you believe me?- _, I will believe _ you say.A. No; whateverB. Yes; no matter what C. No; no matter whatD. Yes; whatever“

19、 What did your parents think about your decision?“ They always” let me do_ I thinkI should.”A. whenB. thatC. howD. what(2) prep + 賓語從句，即“介賓” ：He s pleased with what we did yesterday.Pay attention to what the teacher said.I wish to have a friend with _ shares my hobbies and interests.A. whomeverB. no

20、 matter whoC. whoeverD. anyoneMary wrote an article on _ the team had failed to win the game.A. whyB. whatC. whoD. thatIt was a matter of _ would take the position.A. whoB. whoeverC. whomD. whomever(3) adj + 賓語從句，即“形賓” ： that 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句還可以用在一些形容詞后面。這種句型一般都用人作主語，所用的形容詞都是表示思想狀況或感情色彩的形容詞，如certain, sure,p

21、ositive, afraid, convinced, anxious, disappointed, worried, glad, happy, sorry, amazed, surprised, aware,doubtful, confident等等。I am sure/certain that he s at home now.我肯定他現(xiàn)在在家。He became angry that you made the same mistake.你犯了同樣的錯誤，他生氣了。He remains confident that he will win.他仍然自信他會贏。She is aware tha

22、t I can t help her. 她知道我?guī)筒涣怂拿Α am glad that you ve come你來了.我很高興。He appeared/seemed surprised that I said “ no” . 我說不，他似乎很吃驚。I am afraid that I can t promise you anything.恐怕我不能向你保證什么。We were rather disappointed that you were not able to come yesterday.昨天你沒能來我們有點失望。I am a bit worried that she will n

23、ot be able to make it.我有點擔(dān)心她做不成這件事情。I m sure that my brother will love the jacket. / I am glad that you can come and help me.不能誤將 ”It + be + adj + that的主”語從句當(dāng)成賓語從句.如： It is necessary that we should learn English well.Exercises:I asked her _ she had a bike._ we will hold a party in the open air tomor

24、row depends on the weather.We re worried about _ he is safe.4I don t know _ he is well or not.I don t know _ or not he is well.The question is _ he should do it.The doctor can hardly answer the question _ the old man will recover soon.(2) 如果賓語從句是由that 引導(dǎo)， and 或 but 連接的兩個或兩個以上的并列的賓語從句, 那么只有 第一個 that

25、可以省略，第二個或第二個以后的that 不能省略 .He said ( that ) the text was very difficult and that we had to work hard at it.My deskmate told me (that ) he watched a football match last night, but that it was very discouraging.如果賓語從句后還有賓語補足語，就用it 作形式賓語，將賓語從句后置，并且 that 不可以省略 .He has made it clear that he will win the g

26、ame.I find it necessary that we should learn English well.We find it necessary that we practice spoken English every day.(3) 表示“建議，命令，要求”的賓語從句，如 advise, suggest, order, request, require, demand 等，從句用虛擬語氣，即 should+ 動詞原形 ,should 可省略 。(4) 在 “主語 + believe/think/suppose/know/expect 的結(jié)構(gòu)中”，其否定形式要用否定轉(zhuǎn)移，即主句否

27、定，從句肯定。I don t think he will come.I don t think I ll trouble you again.I don t expect that theywill get married soon.(5) 賓語從句的時態(tài)呼應(yīng)：a. 如果主句時態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時或?qū)頃r,從句謂語可根據(jù)句意需要而選用任一種時態(tài).他相信他的夢想總有一天會實現(xiàn)的.He believes _ .b .請告訴我你昨天這個時候在干什么.Please tell me _.b. 如果主句謂語是一般過去時,從句謂語動詞一般用過去的某種時態(tài),但如果從句表達的是客觀事實、真理 、自然規(guī)律 等時，從句謂

28、語通常用一般現(xiàn)在時。他告訴我他正在為考試做準(zhǔn)備 .He told me _.他說他已離開家鄉(xiāng)十年了。He told me _.老師告訴我們光是沿直線運行的. The teacher told us _.Exercises:Do you see _ I mean?A. thatB./C. howD. whatTell me_ is on your mind.A. thatB. whatC. whichD. whyWe must stick to _ we have agreed on.A. whatB. thatC. /D. howLet me see _.A. that can I repai

29、r the radioB. whether I can repair the radioC. I can repair the radioD. whether can I repair the radioKeep in mind _.A. that the teacher saidB. what did the teacher sayC. that did the teacher sayD. what the teacher said4. 同位語從句： 在復(fù)合句中起同位語的作用。一般放在名詞 idea ； belief ； fact； truth ；5problem ； news, infor

30、mation;hope;thought; promise 等之后 , 用以說明或解釋前面的名詞。常用that, whether, what, who, whom, whose, when, where, why, how, 等引導(dǎo) (if 不引導(dǎo)同位語從句 )We all know the truth _ the earth goes round the sun.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. whetherWe heard the news _ our team had won.A. whichB. thatC. whatD. whereThe problem _ it i

31、s right or wrong has not yet been decided.A. whichB. thatC. whetherD. ifThey expressed the hope _they would comeover to China.A. whichB. thatC. whomD. whenThe fact_he didn t see Tom yesterday is true.A. thatB. whichC. whenD. what注意：1. 名詞 suggestion,advice, order 等詞后的同位語從句的謂語動詞要用should+ 動詞原形 ,should

32、可省略。a. The suggestion that he _ at the meeting was agreed to by most people.A. was put forwardB. put forwardC. should look forwardD. looked forwardb. The suggestion that we _ to picnic on Sunday was agreed to by most people.A wentB. would goC. goD. were allowed to go2. 同位語從句有時沒有緊跟在名詞后面，而是被別的詞分開，稱為隔裂

33、式同位語從句。He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.Word came that Tom would go abroad.The question came up at the meeting _we had enough money for our research.A. thatB. whatC. whichD. whetherThere s a feeling in me _we ll never know what-anotUFOeveris.A. thatB. whichC. of whichD.

34、whatIt remains a question _ we can get so much money in such a short time.A. howB. thatC. whenD. whatDanby left word with my secretary _ he would call again in the afternoon.A. whoB. thatC. asD. which3. 如何判斷同位語從句和定語從句 ?a. 定語從句是先行詞的修飾語，它不涉及先行詞的具體內(nèi)容。定語從句中that 不但起連接作用，而且在定語從句中充當(dāng)一個成分，充當(dāng)賓語成分時可省略。b. 同位語從句

35、對中心詞的內(nèi)容作進一步的解釋和說明，表明中心詞的具體內(nèi)容。引導(dǎo)同位語從句的that 在同位語從句中不做任何成分，只起連接作用, 無具體含義 ,且不可省略 .五名詞性從句的考點歸納：1. 名詞性從句的語序：a. That + 陳述句： That light travels in straight lines is known to all.- I saw your neighbor break your window with a basketball.- _ it made me nearly mad.A. That he brokeB. What he brokeC. He brokeD. His break6b. 疑問詞引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句要求使用陳述語序，不能用一般疑問句語序, 即“疑問詞 +句子的剩余成分”。I don t know when he will go to Nanjing. / This iswhat we are looking for.a. How was he successful is still a puzzle.()How he was successful is still a puzzle.()b.