新概念英語第三冊筆記第45課上課教案

1、Lesson 45 The power of the press新聞報道的威力New words and expression 生詞和短語democratic adj. 民主的 democratic country 民主的國家Democratic party 民主黨 dem?kr?t ?k Republican party 共和黨 democracy d ?m?kr?s? n. 民主，民主主義；民主政治Despotism ?desp?t?z?m 專制，專制dictatorshipn. 專政；專制權(quán)；專制者職位詞根：dictatoradj. ?d?kt?t?ri?l dictatorial專制的

2、，專政的；專橫傲慢的adv.dictatorially自大地；專制地n.dictator 專制者；命令者看看地道英文解釋，體驗區(qū)別Despotism is a form of government by a single authority, either an individual(Despot), or tightly knit group, which rules with absolute political power. dictatorship: a form of government inwhich the ruler is an absolute dictator (not

3、restricted by a constitution or laws or opposition etc.)也就是說前者可以是指人，也可以指整個統(tǒng)治團(tuán)體。后者指個人統(tǒng)治下的政府restrict vt. 限制 =keep within a certain limit. to limit or control -The prisoners activity is restricted within narrow limits.辨析limit表示時間 ,空間 ,數(shù)量等方面的限定,且限定到某一個點,如果超出這個點很可能受到罰。restrict 只說明限制范圍-Land development mu

4、st be limited. 我們必須限制土地的開發(fā)。-He restricts himself to two cigarettes everyday. 他每天限制自己抽兩只煙。restrict sb to/ restrict sthrestrainv. 抑制 ,抑制 ,限制 (可指徹底阻止也可指將納入控制/約束之中，強(qiáng)迫意味，可表示自我抑制)restrain sobsrestrain tearsrestrain ones angereg. She was so excited that she could hardly restrain herself.restrain oneself fr

5、om smokingrestrain oneself from drinkingconfinev.控制在范圍內(nèi)空間上受限confine sb.to-I confine myself to two cigarettes a day.-The boy is confined to the dark room.-The boy is restricted to the dark room.cramp kr?mp vt. 限制某人的活動或限制動植物的生長-Nobody can cramp children.-You can not cramp my activity.crampedadj.窄小的adj

6、. limited in space狹小的cramped roomcramped officecramped traincramped writingcramp kr?mp n. 抽筋，痙攣clampn 夾具的總稱v 夾住viceplier vt. 束縛，限制；使抽筋；以鐵箍扣緊n 鉗子 ; 夾子(Also called cramp iron) also N in plhave/get a cramp什么地方抽筋了/be seized with cramp 被什么束縛，限制roomyadj.空間大的，寬闊的第 1 頁a roomy housea roomy carspacious spe?s

7、adj. 寬闊的 is large in size or areaa spacious roomcapacious k?pe?s adj. able to contain a lot容量大的 has a lot of space to put things in.容量大的正式 usu ADJ n 常做定語 a capacious bagcommodious k ?m?d?s adj.寬闊的文a commodious houseexpansive ?ksp?ns ?v adj. 土地遼闊，廣闊的 擴(kuò)張的，健談的，豪爽的 an expansive village 面積很大的一個村子hamper ?

8、h?mp ?(r) v. 限制，阻礙 ,困累側(cè)重因受到約束或阻礙而造成的某方面行動困難-What hampered you to do so?-The housewife has a lots to do every day,because she is hampered by povert 被貧困所困擾。-My limited vocabulary hampers my reading.impede?m?pi:d v. 限制，阻礙相當(dāng)于hamperimpede doing sth-Nothing will impede my studying English.boundv.限定，以為界限ab

9、use v.濫用(to deliberately use something for wrong purpose)權(quán)利，藥物，酒精，暴力等等-Don tabuse your authority. 不要亂用職權(quán)。-We shouldn tabuse oue rights.不要亂用自己的權(quán)力。-For VIP,they shouldn tabuse their privilege.abuse power 濫用職權(quán)abuse trust辜負(fù)了別人的信任欺騙abuse children虐待兒童eg. He abused his body with heroin and cocaine.contenti

10、on k?n?ten?n 論點 n. 爭論，爭吵，觀點，論點，不同意見 (formal)(contending; quarrelling or disputing; argument used in contending)eg. Acting on the contention that facts are sacred, reporters can cause untold suffering to individuals.a bone of contention容易引起爭論的話題eg. Jerusalem is forever a bone of contention.contendv.競

11、爭，爭論contend with sb/against sb for stheg. Five runners contended against each other in the final.決賽中，五名賽跑選手一決勝負(fù)。contend against prejudice 與偏見作斗爭contend against temptation 與誘惑作斗爭discord?d?sk?:dn.不和 (文學(xué)性 )n.不和；不調(diào)和；嘈雜聲vi. 不一致；刺耳sow discords between 挑撥離間untolda.=too many to be counted 數(shù)不盡的-There are unt

12、old stars in the sky.-I am afflicted by/with untold anxieties.untold suffering極大的煩惱/countless suffering /innumerable suffering第 2 頁untold misery 極大的痛苦untold damage 極大的損失numerous a.無數(shù)的countless a.無數(shù)的-As hunma being ,we can tkeep ourselves free from countless anxieties.countable:can be counteduncounta

13、blenumberless 無數(shù)的，沒有房號的-This is a numberless room.numberable 數(shù)得清的innumberable 不能數(shù)得清的偏向于指能力South Dakotad?k ?ut?n. 達(dá)科他美國過去一地區(qū)名，現(xiàn)分為南、北達(dá)科他州adj. 達(dá)科他人的It s in the north and middle of America which is divided into North and South Dakota.perpetual a. 永久的，永遠(yuǎn)的，永恒的 (不休止的，一直持續(xù)下去的 ,用于不易受阻的 ) 沒完沒了的貶義 -They are as

14、 poor as church mouse, they are have to struggle against perpetual poverty.perpetual noise 沒完沒了的噪音perpetual nagging 沒完沒了的嘟囔perpetual conflicts 戰(zhàn)火不斷反義詞temporary 臨時的temporary jobs 臨時工作Endless a.-You can appreciate endless unbroken clouds. -Studing English is our perpetual(endless) task. eternal a.永恒的，

15、永久的，不朽的 =immortal -His name is immortal because the longest suspension bridge was named for him.permanenta.非臨時的，永久的-In a big city, sometimes we can not get permanent job.perpetual 語氣最強(qiáng)，指保持永久不變，沒有中斷的行為，永無止境地持續(xù)下去。有時用于貶義，指令人厭煩之事。permanent 指總是處于一樣的情況和地位，可長期持續(xù)下去，永久不變。endless 系日常用詞，指無盡無休。everlasting 語氣較莊重

16、，有時可與eternal 換用，側(cè)重持續(xù)不盡，或指開場后一直進(jìn)展下去。eternal 語體較莊重，側(cè)重指永遠(yuǎn)存在，無始無終。永恒的-Lasting for a long timeconstanta.連續(xù)的，不斷的(perpetual 最好的釋義 )constantly adv. 連續(xù)不斷地continuous a. 連續(xù)不斷的-They have continuous discussion.-They made great success in their continuous attempt.continuala.頻繁的continually adj.-It rains continuall

17、y .-It is raining continuously/constantly.quintuplet :kw ?ntj ?pl?t 五胞胎之一one of five babies at a birth復(fù)數(shù)是全部，單數(shù)是其中之一quadruplets?kw ?dr?pl ?t 四胞胎sextuplets?sekstj?pl?t 六胞胎triplets?tr?pl?t 三胞胎pentagon 五角大樓 /五邊形 penta-5pentathlon 五項全能decathlon 十項全能第 3 頁英語中表示數(shù)量的前綴一、表示“半、“準(zhǔn)的前綴1. demi- :半, 局部例如 : demigod 半

18、人半神 demilune半月, 新月2. hemi- :半例如 : hemisphere 半球 hemicycle半圓形hemiparasite 半寄生物3. semi- : 半例如 : semimonthly 半月刊 semiofficial半官方的semiconductor 半導(dǎo)體semicircle 半圓二、表示“一的前綴1. mono- : (在元音前作 mon- ) 單一 , 獨例如 : monocycle 獨輪腳踏車monodrama 單人劇monoxide 一氧化物2. uni- : 一 例如 : unicorn 獨角獸 unique三、表示“二、“兩、“雙的前綴1. bi- :

19、 兩 , 二, 雙例如 : biweekly 雙周刊 bicolour 兩色的 bimonthly 雙月刊2. di- : 二 , 雙dioxide 二氧化物四、表示“三的前綴tri- :三例如 : triangle三角形 tricar 三輪汽車tricolour三色的triweekly三周刊五、表示“四的前綴quadri- /quadru- :四 ( 在元音前作quadr- )例如 : quadrangle 四角形quadricycle 四輪車六、表示“五的前綴1. penta- : 五 ( 在元音前作 pent- ) 例如 : pentagon 五角形 pentathlete 五項全能運發(fā)

20、動2. quinque- : 五 ( 在元音前作 quinqu- ) 例如 : quinquennial 分五年的 quinquepartite 分五局部的七、表示“六的前綴1. sex- /sexi- : 六 例如 : sexangule 六角形 sexennial 每六年的八、表示“七的前綴1. hepta- : 七 ( 在元音前作hept- )例如 : heptagon 七角形2. sept- /septi- /septem- : 七 例如 : septangle 七角形 septennial 每七年的九、表示“八的前綴octa- /octo- /oct- : 例如 : octagon

21、八角形 October ( 古羅馬八月 ) 十月十、表示“九的前綴1. ennea- : 九enneahedron 九面體2. nona- : 九nonary 九個一組的東西nonagon 九角形十一、表示“十的前綴1. deca- : 十例如 : decagon 十角形decameter 十米 decade 十年2. deci- : 十分之一 例如 : decigram 十分之一克 , 分克 decimeter 分米 decilitre 十分之一升 , 分升十二、表示“百的前綴1. cent- : 百例如 : percent 白分比 centennial 一百年的century 百年 cen

22、tuple 一百倍的2. hecto- : 百例如 : hectogram 一百克 hectowatt 一百瓦h(yuǎn)ectometer 一百米 hectoampere 一百安培十三、表示“千的前綴1. kilo- :千例如 : kilogram千克 , 公斤 kilowatt千瓦kilometer千米 , 公里 kilocalorie 千卡2. milli- /mill- /mille- :千 , 千分之一 , 毫例如 : millennium一千年 millipede ?m?l?pi?d馬陸，千足蟲milligram 千分之一克 , 毫克 millisecond 千分之一秒 , 毫秒十四、表示“

23、百萬“兆的前綴mega- : 百萬例如 : megawatt 兆瓦megadeath 百萬人之死亡megaton 百萬噸obscurityn.默默無聞In obscurityobscureadj. 不起眼的第 4 頁-The bus stopped at a obscure bus stop.obscure ?bskj ?adj.不起眼的無名的不起眼的，默默無聞的1) not at all well known and not very important不起眼的，不知名的an obscure villagean obscure poetan obscure teacher2) difficu

24、lt to understand 晦澀的，難懂的， 朦朧的 ，昏暗的 because it involves so many parts or details obscure legal phrases 難懂的法律詞條obscurity ?bskj?r?t? n. 默默無聞鮮為人知的狀態(tài)2、難懂性 ; 難懂之物live in obscurity默默無聞的生活注意介詞in 表示人處于某種狀態(tài)remain in obscurity始終保持默默無聞eg. Daniel Mendoza retired from boxing boring ring and died in obscurity.dim,

25、 unclear, vague, obscure, ambiguous 這組詞都有“模糊的意思，其區(qū)別是：dim a. 光線暗淡的，看不清的；記憶力模糊的；不大可能的 。 暗淡，可能性低Dont work in dim light.不要在昏暗的光線下工作。His changes of recovery from illness are dim. 他康復(fù)的可能性十分渺茫。uncleara.指句意、字跡不清楚，使人難以看懂；不肯定的 。 不清晰，不明朗Unclear writing is difficult to understand.模糊的字跡使人難以識別。It is unclear wheth

26、er the economy will get better. 經(jīng)濟(jì)是否好轉(zhuǎn)仍不明朗。vague ve?g a.含混的，模糊的 ，不清楚的，多用于比喻意義，用來表示因邏輯關(guān)系不清、言辭籠統(tǒng)而導(dǎo)致的意義不清楚， 說明不清， 該詞也可表示 輪廓形狀 的不清楚和模糊。eg. what he said is vague.obscure a.用于表達(dá) 因光線缺乏而使人看不清楚 。該詞的引申意義可以表示語法、文字、記憶等因復(fù)雜、深奧、模棱兩可而使人看不懂和無法理解。ambiguous ?mb ?gj ?s a. 模棱兩可的 ，有歧義的，指因字、詞、句有 歧義 而使人感到模糊不清、難以理解和把握。His a

27、mbiguous directions confused us; we did not know which of the two roads to take.radicallyadv.徹底地，完全地=Completely,entirely,thoroughly,fully,inclusiveradicaladj.徹底的，完全的；激進(jìn)的n. 根底；激進(jìn)分子； 物化 原子團(tuán)； 數(shù) 根數(shù)a radical reform一場根本性的改革a radical leftist極端的左翼分子a radical party 激進(jìn)黨radical sign 根號exclusive a.獨占的，獨家的；排外的，排

28、他的(not shared with others)-The swimming pool is for my exclusive use.exclusive right獨權(quán)-The school is exclusive ,only very clever children can go to it.-The store is exclusive, only very wealthy people can visit it.exclusiveadj. 專用的，獨占的，獨家的，昂貴的exclusive report 獨家報道 /exclusive coverageexclusive interv

29、iew 獨家采訪exclusive rights特權(quán) /exclusive privilegesan exclusive girls school 女子學(xué)校exclusive shops高檔商店eg. Air Force One is exclusive to the President of the U.S.A.exclusive plane 專機(jī)excludev.排除，排他exclude the possibilityincludev.包括第 5 頁conclude v.得出結(jié)論secludev.隔絕nursery n. 舊育英室，保育室nursery school 幼兒園nursery

30、teacher 幼師garden center 托兒所 nursery rhyme 童謠commercialization商品化-(z)ation 化industrialization工業(yè)化denationalization私有化desertification 沙漠化commercen.商業(yè)commercial 商業(yè)廣告commercial break廣告時間commercial bank 商業(yè)銀行commodity n.商品-commodity econnomy 商品經(jīng)濟(jì) commodity market商品市場goods,waresWares w ?zn.貨物 ,商品一小時故事In the

31、 street below a peddler was crying his wares.Ware n.器皿 , 陶器 , 物品總稱 , 常用于復(fù)合詞用某材料 (或以某方式、在某地)制造的物品 ; 作用的器皿 ; 室的物品 ;- silverware銀器 /ironware鐵器 / chinaware陶器 /glassware 玻璃器皿- software軟件 /hardware五金器具 , (電腦的 )硬件- a popular ware熱門貨/small wares 小百貨goods n.商品 , 貨物- half-done goods半成品 /home made goods = nati

32、ve goods 國貨- leather goods 皮件 /frozen goods 凍結(jié)貨物 /consumer goods 日用消費品merchandise Merchandise is products that are bought, sold, or traded. 商品 正式 commodity k ?m?d?t? n. 商品 , 物品總稱 , 正式的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)術(shù)語 - commodity price 商品價格 , commodity economy 商品經(jīng)濟(jì) - commodity market 商品市場 , agricultural commodity 農(nóng)產(chǎn)品commodity作

33、“商品解時系經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)名詞，也可指日用品。merchandise 正式用詞，指商業(yè)上銷售或商家擁有貨物的總稱。ware 指上市待賣的商品或貨物。多用復(fù)數(shù)形式。goods 一般生活或商業(yè)用詞，指銷售或購入的商品。Text 課文全文背誦In democratic countries any efforts to restrict the freedom of the press are rightly condemned. effort 企圖語氣強(qiáng)烈 try;attempt 嘗試make every effort; spare no effort; make every endeavor; go to

34、 great lengthscondemn k ?n?dem v. 強(qiáng)烈譴責(zé) 非常正式的用語，eg:國家之間 condemn the brutal and savage crimecondemn sth ascondemn the war as a crime 指責(zé)戰(zhàn)爭為犯罪denounce v.強(qiáng)烈譴責(zé)公開denounce sb/sth aseg. The statesman denounced abusing power as a crime.reprimand repr ?m?ndv.正式地 嚴(yán)厲地斥責(zé) vt&n 訓(xùn)斥 ; 譴責(zé)正式 :scold officially and sever

35、ely第 6 頁blame 責(zé)備 , 還表示批評語氣程序很弱blame sb. for sth.The teacher blamed him for his coming late.scold 斥責(zé) 語氣稍重一點Dont scold me for such a trifle.不要因為這樣的小事責(zé)備我。reproach r ?pr?t?斥責(zé) , 責(zé)備，指責(zé)從個人感受出發(fā)責(zé)難別人，責(zé)難的內(nèi)容不一定正確，可能是吹毛求疵的話He often reproached his children.reprimand v./n. 嚴(yán)厲斥責(zé)；譴責(zé)(語氣最強(qiáng) )The boss reprimanded his em

36、ployees severely.accuse 指責(zé)，控告用法 be ofcriticizevt. 批評；吹毛求疵；非難vi. 批評；吹毛求疵；非難criticism批評，評論表示辨明某一個人的優(yōu)缺點deed 行為，行徑-Your deeds should be rightly condemned.However, this freedom can easily be abused.forest authorites 森林當(dāng)局education authorites 教育當(dāng)局the authorites 有關(guān)當(dāng)局the authorites of the press 新聞界當(dāng)局Stories

37、about people often attract far more public attention than political events./arrest far more public attention /draw far more public attention /grab far more public attention far 相當(dāng)于 much 加強(qiáng)語氣According to this sentence,we know we are much more interested in private stories.Sometimes some people even w

38、ant to smell out peoples secrets or particular scandals.Though we may enjoy reading about the lives of others, it is extremely doubtful whether we would equally enjoy reading about ourselves.lives of others 替代 story about peopleread about/of(to find out information from books and newspapers)read abo

39、ut: 通過閱讀書和報紙了解詳情read of：通過閱讀書和報紙了解一般的情況和信息eg. I have read about that terrible car crash.eg. I read of his death in the local newspaper.it is extremely doubtful whether it 形式主語whether it is extremely doubtful whether we would equally enjoy of others be doubtful whether 很難說，疑心eg. Im still doubtful whe

40、ther I should accept his suggestion.eg. It was doubtful whether the patient would survive the operation.extremely doubtful=extremely uncertain=extremely dubious-If a family skeleton is reviewed,one s reputation will be damaged/destroyed/spoiled/ruined immediately. equally=in the same way=alike第 7 頁-

41、We wouldn tlike our secret to be reviewed.Acting on the contention that facts are sacred, reporters can cause untold suffering to individuals by publishing details about their private lives.( 要點句型 )acting on 現(xiàn)在分詞短語，作條件狀語act on 以。來行事，遵循。來行事act on the contention 按這一觀點行事act on the advice 按這一建議行事/act on

42、 the recommendationeg. Acting on my fathers advice, I followed his footstep to become a teacher.act on a sudden impulse 憑借一時沖動that 引導(dǎo)的局部是contention 的同位語從句When stories published in detalls by the press are wonderful,you will become famous very soon.If the story is terrible,your reputation will be rui

43、ned immediately.Newspapers exert such tremendous influence that they can not only bring about major changes to the lives of ordinary people but can even overthrow a government.Exert v.施加 ?z?:t 本處表達(dá)的意思是 -bring about 帶來，導(dǎo)致 -lead to-cause-result in-give rise to Exert sth on sb- His wife exerted a lot p

44、ressure on him to change his job.- He likes to exert his authority on us.Exert oneself to do sth.努力做某事 , 盡力做某事 , 出力 - He never exert himself to study hard.exert every effect盡一切努力exertion ?z?:?n n.盡力 , 努力 , 發(fā)揮n.行使 , 運用，施加the exertion of force/strength/authority另外，我們在之前的課文中學(xué)過， perform, exert, exercise

45、, practice 表示運用，應(yīng)用，提供，執(zhí)行等意 Antique shops appeal to a great many people. 古玩店很吸引人。major:great,considerablecapsize k?psa ?zV-T/V-I.( 船 )翻-The ship capsized because of the rough wave.upsetv. 打翻不小心 upset, upseteg. He upset a bottle of ink over the map.overturnv.翻overthrowv.打翻，推翻overthrow the governmentov

46、erthrow a decisionIn the first paragraph the writer illustrate how powerful the press is in the general way.The story of a poor family that acquired fame and fortune overnight, dramatically illustrates the power ofthe press.acquire=gain=obtain-acquire gortune 發(fā)財-make fortuneOvernight很普通的一個單詞，能否把意思說全

47、？n.頭天晚上adj.通宵的 , 晚上的 , 前夜的adv.在前一夜 , 整夜 , 昨晚一晚上- an overnight trip 一整夜的旅行/an overnight guest 過夜的客人overpopulatedadj.人口過密的 , 人口過剩的第 8 頁overseasadv.海外adj.外國的 , 海外的over+動詞 over 表示超過overeat vt.使吃過量 vi. 吃得過多 oversleep vt.(使 )睡過頭 vi. 睡過頭 , 睡得太久 overwork n.過度工作 v.(使 )工作過度overcharge v.討價過高 , 使過量裝填 , 過度充電 n.超

48、載 , 過重的負(fù)擔(dān) , 過度充電 overestimate vt.評價過高 n.估計的過高dramatically illustrate生動和形象的說明/vividly illustrateThe family lived in Aberdeen, a small town of 23,000 inhabitants in South Dakota.inhabitant=dweller-the city dweller城市居住者-the country dweller 鄉(xiāng)村居住者resident n.住戶，房客 someone who lives or stays in a place suc

49、h as a house or a hotel inhabitant n.居民常年居住，常住人口As the parents had five children, life was a perpetual struggle against poverty.as 由于引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句生活成了同貧困進(jìn)展的無休止的斗爭。暗喻eg. As born in poor country, life was a perpetual struggle against poverty.They were expecting their sixth child and faced with even more pr

50、essing economic problems. expect a baby be expecting a baby 有喜了 be going to have a babyin the interesting conditionBe in the family waybe in an interesting condition 親昵get pregnant中性be conceiving a baby正式pregnantbe faced with 面臨-The window faces the south. 窗戶朝南。solve problem 解決問題-In the process of s

51、tuding English,We are faced with a great many problems,which should be got rid of/removed as quickly as possible.Precautions of this sort are necessary, for it is impossible to foretell the exact nature of the difficulties which will confront the pot-holer.confront v.面對，遭遇 to deal with something ver

52、y difficult or unpleasant in a brave and determined way 在這里要注意其主語，一般而言用的是人做主語，但是反過來，擬人的非靈主語，把困難作為主語confront sb with sth特化為 (以某事物 ) 與 (某人 ) 對質(zhì)eg. On my first day at work Iwas confronted with the task of chairing a meeting.be faced withpressing 緊迫的pressvt 催促，壓迫dontpress me 別催我push vt 催促，逼迫don tpush me 別逼我even more pressing 日益嚴(yán)峻eg. The poor village was