中考英語短文填空及其解題方法1

1、短文填空及其解題方法短文填空這種題型通常有四種形式：1、給出一篇難易適中的短文，中間去掉幾個單詞，讓考生根據(jù)上下文填上所缺的單詞。2、給出一篇難易適中的短文，中間去掉幾個單詞，但給出這些單詞的第一個字母，讓考生根據(jù)短文的上下文的意思和所給的提示字母，填上所缺的單詞。3、給出一篇難易適中的短文，中間去掉幾個單詞，同時在一個方框內(nèi)給出一些單詞，讓考生根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容，把這些單詞填入空白處，使文章正確、通順。4、給出一篇難易適中的短文，中間去掉幾個單詞或短語，同時給出這些單詞或短語的漢語意思，讓考生根據(jù)短文的上下文和所給漢語的提示，填上適當?shù)膯卧~或短語。陜西省的短文填空題采用的基本上是第四種形式。這種

2、題型考查的是考生的整體閱讀能力、基礎語法的運用能力和書面表述能力，特別是單詞和短語的拼寫能力。它是介于閱讀理解和書面表達之間的一種題型。1、從文體上看，議論文和敘事文為主。2002年陜西省的短文填空題所給的短文是一篇論說文，論說的主題是：只有母親的愛是真正的愛。2003年的中考說明樣題所給的短文是一篇敘事文。講述的是圣誕節(jié)的情況。2003年的中考題中的短文填空題也是一篇敘事文。講述的是主題是因特網(wǎng)的歷史。2004年是一篇論說文。2、從填空的內(nèi)容上看，以詞組和短語為主。2002年短文填空題共有10個空，其中6個空填的是詞組和短語。2003年中考說明中短文填空題共有10個空，其中7個空填的是詞組和

3、短語。2003年中考題中的短文填空題共有10個空，其中5個空填的是詞組和短語。2004年的短文填空題10個空中有6個是詞組和短語。也就是說短文填空題要填的詞組和短語總體上保持在5-7個。3、從考查的范圍上看，以英語的一些特殊用法為主。2002年的短文填空題考到了enough作副詞，放在被修飾詞之后的用法，考到了“with+名詞”構(gòu)成的介詞短語的用法。2003年中考說明中的短文填空題又一次出現(xiàn)了“with咯詞”構(gòu)成的介詞短語用法。2003年中考題的短文填空題考查了somethingwrong這樣的形容詞后置的特殊用法。2004年的短文填空題考查了twiceaday這樣的特殊表示方式。4、從所留的

4、空白上看，以給出漢語提示為主。2003年中考說明的短文填空題共留出10個空白，其中8處給出了漢語提示，2處沒有任何提示。2003年中考的短文填空題同樣是10個空白，全部給出了漢語提示。2004年10個空白全部給了漢語提示?！久麕熃怆y】做好短文填空題要求考生具備堅實的語法基礎，理解文章大意和主旨的能力，牢固掌握英語的習慣用法和固定搭配，熟記英語單詞的拼寫。做短文填空可以從以下幾個方面著手：1、從語法方面考慮短文填空題所涉及的語法內(nèi)容通常包括：名詞的單復數(shù)、形容詞和副詞的比較等級、主謂一致、動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)、介詞和連詞的選用等。例如2003年中考的短文填空題的第一個空：“Mostofus/（忙于）

5、talkingaboutandusingtheInterneteveryday在這里:用英語表示忙于“不僅要用busy,busy之前還要加be,而be還要和主語mostofus保持一致，變成are。再如2004年中考題中的第7個空，butsoonyou;7ll（習慣于）doingit.習慣于"必須用be/getusedto,因為這個短語用在一般將來時中，在助動詞之后。2、從習慣用法和固定搭配方面考慮如上所說，陜西省的短文填空以詞組和短語為主，而詞組和短語必然會涉及到很多習慣用法和固定搭配。例如2003年中考說明短文填空的第8個空：包（在圣誕夜）childrenareveryhappy

6、.用英語表示在圣誕夜“必須用OnChristmasEve。因為在某一天的晚上“習慣上用介詞on。2004年考題中的第5個空就是一個固定搭配-atleast。3、從上下文的結(jié)構(gòu)方面考慮有的空白必須根據(jù)上下文的結(jié)構(gòu)才能判斷應該填什麼樣的單詞或短語。例如2003年考試說明短文填空的第9個空：Theyputtheirstockingattheendoftheirbeds9theirparentscanputpresentsinthem.從上下文文我們可以看出，他們把他們的長筒襪放在床頭上是為了讓他們的父母親能夠把禮物放在里面。以此判斷，后面的句子應是一個目的狀語從句。因此，應填sothato再看200

7、4年的10個空Eatalotoffruitsandvegetablesanddrinkwater10（代替）drinks.這個句子中已經(jīng)有了謂語動詞eat和drink,代替就不能再用動詞，而需用一個介詞insteadof?！局锌挤独浚?004年陜西省中考試題）V.短文填空（共10空，每空1分，計10分）根據(jù)上下文和括號里的漢語提示，在下面的空白處寫出正確的單詞和短語，使短文意思完整。Whenyoulaugh,youwill1（張開）yourmouthandyourteeth.Thehealthierthoseteethare,thehappieryoulook.Whyisthat?It

8、9;2s（因為）yourteethareimportantinmanyways.Ifyoutakecareofthem,they'llhelptotakecareofyou.Strong,healthyteethhelpyoueattherightfoodtohelpyougrow.Theyalsohelpyouspeakclearly.Youcantakecareofyourteethbydoinglikethese:Brushyourteeth3（日兩次）afterbreakfastandbeforebedtime.Ifyoucan,brush4_（午飯后）oraftereatin

9、gsweetcakes.Brushallofyourteeth,notjustthefrontones.Spendsometimeontheteethalongthesidesandintheback.Takeyourtimewhilebrushing.Spend5（至少）3minuteseachtimeyoubrush.Besureyourtoothbrushissoft（柔軟的）.Askyourparenttohelpyougetanewtoothbrush6_（每三個月）.Learnhowtofloss（用牙線清理）yourteeth,whichisaveryimportantwayto

10、keepthemhealthy.Itfeelsstrangewhenyoudoitatfirst,butsoonyou7（習牙貫于'）doingit.Theflossgetsridoffoodthat'shiddenbetweenyourteeth.Brushingandflossing8（保持）yourteethhealthy.Youalsoneedtocareaboutwhatyoueatanddrink.Eat9（許多）fruitsandvegetablesanddrinkwater10（代替）drinks.1. open張開嘴的張開”應用open。2. because要

11、回答前面why提出的問題，應用because3. twiceaday這是英語常見的一種表示方法。4. afterlunchafter之后常常跟一個時間點，lunch可看作一個時間點。5. atlast這是一個固定的短語6. everythreemonthsevery之后如果有大于一的數(shù)詞來修飾名詞，這個名詞用復數(shù)形式。又如：everythreedays,everyfouryears。7. be/getusedto這也是一個習慣用語，后接名詞或定名詞。8. keep"keepsomebody/somethir5§客詞”是一個常見句型。9. lotsof/alotof/many

12、這幾個限定詞都可用來修飾可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)。10. insteadof這是一個短語介詞，后接名詞活動名詞?！緷M分演練】（1）Everyoneneedsfriends.Weallliketofeelclosetosomeone.Itisnicetohaveafriendtotalk,laugh,anddothingswith.Surely,therearetimeswhenweneedtobealone.Wedon'talwayswantpeople（周圍）.Butwewouldfeellonelyifweneverhadafriend.Notwopeoplearejustthesame.S

13、ometimesfriendsdon't2（相處得好）.Thatdoesn'tmeanthattheynolongerlike3（互相）.Mostofthetimetheywillmakeupand4（繼續(xù)）beingfriends.Sometimesfriendsmoveaway.Thenwefeelverysad.We5（想念）themverymuch.Butwecallthemandwritetothem.Itcouldbethatwewouldevenseethemagain.Andwecan6（結(jié)交新朋友）.Itissurprisingtofindouthowmuch

14、welikenewpeoplewhenwegettoknowthem.Familiessometimesnametheirchildrenafteraclosefriend.7（許多地方）arenamedaftermenandwomenwhohavebeenfriendlytopeopleinatown.Somelibrariesarenamedthisway.Soaresomeschools.We8（想起）thesepeoplewhenwegototheseplaces.There'smoregoodnewsforpeoplewhohavefriends.Theylive9（長一些）

15、thanpeoplewhodon't.Why?Itcouldbethattheyarehappier.Beinghappyhelpsyoustaywell.Oritcouldbejustknowingthatsomeonecares.Ifsomeonecaresaboutyou,youtakebettercareof10（你自己）.（2）Mostgreatinventorsoftenmetwithmuchtroubleintheirwork.Beforetheycouldsucceed,theyhadtoovercome1（數(shù)以千計的）difficultieswhichwereputi

16、ntheirway.Thefollowingisoneofsuchexamples.GeorgeStephenson（17811848）,a2（著名的）Britishinventormadethefirsttrainin1825,usingastreamengine.Whenhewasexperimentingwiththeengine3（在火車上）,hemetwithtroublesfromthegovernment,thenewspapersandthegentlemeninthecountry.Theysaidthatthe4（噪音）andthesmokewouldkillcows,ho

17、rsesandsheep,thattheenginewouldburstorthatthehotcoalsfromitwouldsetfiretotheirhouses.Peoplebelieve5（他們說的話）.GeorgeStephensontoldthepeoplethatthetraincouldgoonsmallrails,couldpullcarriages6（裝滿）goodsandpassengersandthattherewasnogreatdangertothem.Itwasaverydifficultmatterforhimtomakethembelieve.7（然而）,a

18、ftersometime,hewasabletodoit,andthefirsttrain,thatwasdrivenbyGeorgeStephensonhimselfprovedwhathehadsaid.Onthetraintherewasanewsteamengine.Itwasinventedbyhim,andwasprovedacomplete8（成功）.Thefirstdaywhenthetrainranontherails,peoplealongthewayheardthenoiseofthetraininthedistance,andsawitrunningquicklytot

19、hem.Theythoughtitwasagenie.Theyranquicklybackhomeforfearandclosedtheirdoorstightly.Theydidnotdareto9-（出來）untilithadpassed.10（一周以后）anoldwomanstillsaidthatherhenhadbeensofrightenedthatithadn'tlaidanyeggsforthreedays.【練習答案】（3）MostofAmericanbusinessesareopenfivedaysaweek.Americanschoolchildrenattend

20、schoolfivedaysaweekaswell.AmericanfamiliesusuallyhaveaJ（兩天）weekend.TheweekendisSaturdayandSunday.Overtheweekendpeoplespendtheirtime2（以許多不同的方式）.Manyfamiliesenjoyweekends3（一起）.Theymaygoshopping,goforadriveorvisitfriends.Theymayalsoinvitefriendsoverand4（聚會）athome.ManyAmericanfamiliesparticipate（參力口）ins

21、portsduringtheweekend.5（跑步）,biking,playingvolleyballandswimming6（流行）insummer.Skiingandskatingarethe7（最喜愛的）wintersports.WeekendsarealsoatimeforAmericanfamiliestoworkonsomethingintheiryardsorin_8（他們的）houses.Manyfamiliesplantflowersandhavevegetablegardens.Somefamiliesusetheweekends9（粉刷）orrepairtheirhou

22、ses.Q（對大部分美國人來說）,weekendsareverybusy.（4）Perhapsmorethananyotherpeople,Americanshavecometodependontheircars.Thefamilycar1（一直是）acommonthing2（從以來）theearlytwentiethcentury,andithaschangedAmericanlife.Manypeoplehavemoved3（夕卜面）ofthelargecitiestothesuburbs.SomeAmericansspend4.（每天兩小時）ormoreintheircars_5（去上班

23、）andhomeagain.Carshavebecomethe6（工具）oftransportationformostAmericansgoingshopping,andevengoingonvacations.Americans7（過去常常）likebigcars,andgasolineusedtobeveryinexpensive.Recently,_8（然而）,thecostofgasolinehasincreased,smallercarshavebecome_9（更常見）.Alsoforeigncarshavebecomeverycommon.Americanshavebought1

24、0（大量的）JapaneseandGermancars.Theyhaveboughtcarsfromseveralothercountriesaswell.（5）Eachmorningarichmanfoundapoormansittingonaparkbench（長凳）.Thepoormanalwayssatthere,1（看著）thebighotelinwhichtherichmanlived.2（有一天）therichmangotoutofhiscarandsaidtothepoorman,"Excuseme,butIjustwanttoknowwhyyousithereand

25、lookatmyhotel3（每天早晨）.""Sir,"saidthepoorman,"Iamafailure.Ihavenomoney,nohome.Isleep4（在這條長凳上）,andeverynightIdream（夢想）thatonedayI'llsleepinthathotel."Therichmansaid,"Tonightyourdreamwill5（變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實）.I'llpayforthebestroominthathotelforyouawholemonth."6（幾天以后）,therich

26、manwentbythepoorman'sroomtoaskhimhowhewasenjoyinghimself.7（使他驚訝的是），hefoundthatthemanhad8（搬出了）thehotel,backtohisparkbench.Whentherichmanaskedwhy,thepoormansaid,"Yousee,whenI'mdownheresleepingonmybench,IdreamI'mupthere,_9（在那個大賓館里）.It'sawonderfuldream.ButwhenIwasupthere,IdreamedIwa

27、sbacktothiscoldbench.Itwasaterribledream,andIcouldn'tgetanysleep10（根本）."（6）OnOctober12,1989,someChinesescientistswereworkingatthecomputersto1（尋找）theinformationtheyneeded.Suddenlytheysawalotofverybrightspotscrossingthecomputersscreens.2（同時），theystoppedtheirworktochecksomepartsofthecomputers.

28、Totheirhorror,they3（發(fā)現(xiàn)）thatmostoftheirstoredinformationwasgotridofbycomputerviruses!Obviouslyallthesecomputershadbeeninfectedbycomputerviruses.4（據(jù)說）thatthecomputervirusesweremadebyagroupofyoungmenlikeplayingtricks.Theyallhadexcellent5（教育）.Theycreatedthevirusesjusttoshowtheirintelligence.6（這種）compute

29、rvirusesisnamedJerusalemViruses.Thesevirusescanstayincomputers7（很長時間）.Whenthetimecomestheywillattackthecomputersbyloweringthefunctions,damagingtheirnormalprogramsorevengettingridofalltheinformation.WenowcometoknowthatJerusalemVirusesoftenattackcomputers8（在星期五）andtheyarespreadingtoalotofcomputers.Amo

30、ngthecountriesthatsufferedcomputervirusesareBritain,Switzerland,theUSandsome9（其它的）countries.Buttillnowhowtogetridoftheterribleviruses10（仍然是）aproblem.（7）InAmericanhighschoolJ（大多數(shù)）studentstakeEnglish,science,mathandhistory.2（在英語課堂上）,thestudentsstudygrammarandreadfamousliterature.Inscienceclass,theystu

31、dybiology,chemistryorphysics.Historyis3（更有趣）tosomestudentsbecausetheylearnaboutimportanteventsandplaces4（在美國）.Studentstake5（其它）courses,too.Theseareelectives.Somestudy6（音樂）becausetheyfeelitismoreenjoyable.Somestudy7（計算機科學）becausethey_8（認為）itismorepractical.9（在各自課堂上）,teachersgivestudentsexams.Someexam

32、saremoredifficultthanothers,butagoodstudentcanalwaysdo_A0（好）（8）OnekindofvacationthatmanyAmericansenjoyiscamping.EachsummerJ（數(shù)百萬的）Americansdrivetothecountrysidewheretheyfindplaces2（里予營）.Thenationalparks,manyofwhichare3（在山里）,arefavouritecampingplaces.Campersenjoythe4（新鮮空氣）,thelakesandtheforestswhichth

33、eyfindintheseparks.Campershike,swimandfish.Theycanalsofind_5（許多種）animalsandplantsintheparks.Mostlycampershavetrailerswhichtheydriveorpullbehindtheircarstotheircampsites.Trailersarelikehouses6（在輪子上）.Theyhavemanyconvenienceswhichpeoplehaveintheirhomes,7（例如）electricityandhotwater.But_8（大多數(shù)）campersdon&#

34、39;thavetrailers.Theycampintentswhichthey_9（搭起）intheircampsites.Campersintentsdon'thavetheconveniencesthatcampersintrailershave.Tentcampersenjoy10（種簡單的生活）.（9）Allbigcitiesarequitesimilar.LivinginamodernAsiancityisnotvery1（不同於）livinginanAmericancity.Thesamecannotbesaidaboutliving_2_（在農(nóng)場上）,however.

35、Inmanypartsoftheworld,farmersandtheirfamilieslive_3_（在村莊和城鎮(zhèn)里）.IntheUnitedStates,however,eachfarmfamilylivesonitsownfields,oftenbeyondthesightofanyneighbors.4（不用）travelingfromavillagetothefieldseverymorning,Americanfarmersstay_5_（在他們的土地上）throughouttheweek.Theytraveltothenearesttown_6_（在星期六）forshoppin

36、goronSundaysforchurch.Thechildrenrideonbusestolargeschoolswhichserve7（所有的農(nóng)場家庭）livinginthearea.Insomeareas,therearesmallschoolsservingafewfarmfamilies,andthechildrenwalktoschool._8_（當然）lifekeepschangingforeveryone,includingfarmers.Todaytherearecars,goodroads,radios,andtelevisionsets.Andofcoursetherea

37、remodernmachinesforfarming.Allofthesehavechangedfarmlife.Formanyyears,however,farminginAmericawasoftenalonelywayofliving.Farmers_9（不得不）dealwiththeirownproblems,insteadofgettinghelpfromothers.They10（學會）totrynewmethods,andtotrusttheirownideasinsteadoffollowingolderways.（10）Ateacherfromawesterncountryv

38、isitedaschoolinan1（東方國家）.Inoneclass,shewatchedsixtychildrenastheylearned2（畫）acat.TheteacherdrewabigO3（在黑板上）,andsixtychildrencopieditontheirpapers.Theteacherdrewasmall（onthetopofthefirstandthenputtwoontopofit.Thechildrendrew4（以同樣的方式）.Thelessonwentonuntilthereweresixty-onecatsintheclassroom.Eachstuden

39、t'cat5（看上去）exactlyliketheoneonlireboard.UThevisitingteacherwatchedthelessonand6（感至U驚訝）.Theteachingmethods（ways）wereverymuchdifferentfromthewayofteachinginhercountry.Achildrenlessoninherowncountryproducedaroomfulofpictures,eachoneisquite7（不同于）theothers.Why?Whatmakesthisdifferenceineducationalmeth

40、ods?Inaclassroominanycountry,theteacherteachesmorethanartorhistoryorIcinguage.ri8（在一個國家里）suchastheUnitedStatesorCanada,studentsareaskedtoworkbythemselvesandfindanswers9_（他們自己）.Thestudentsarehelpedtolearntohavetheirownideas.IncountriessuchasChinaandJapan,studentsoftenworktogetherandhelpeachotherinthe

41、classroom,buttheteachersteachandthestudentslisten.Thestudentsareaskedtomemorizealot.They10（必須）learnthesametextbook.Theydothesamehomeworkandgiveiliesameanswers.L（11）HewasborninAtlanta,Georgia,onJanuary15,1929.Hewasblack.HelivedJ（僅僅）thirty-nineyears,buthebecameworld-famousinthatshorttime.He2（長大）inthes

42、outheasternpartoftheUnitedStates.HestudiedatMorehouseCollegewherehemetmanyoutstandingmenwhoseideashefoundimportantandexciting.TherehereadthewritingsofThoreau,whichgavehimmanyideas3（關于自由）.AfterhegraduatedfromMorehouse,he4（接著）tostudyattheUniversityofPennsylvania,HarvardUniversity,andBostonUniversity.A

43、tBostonUniversity,hemethiswife,Coretta.5（1954）,afterhegothisPh.D.degree,hebecametheministerofasmallchurch6（南方的）.Therehebecametheleaderoftheblackpeople,whowerepoorandwithoutpower.Hegavespeechesandledmarches.Forhisideasandactions,hewenttojail7一（一段時間）.8（許多年以后）,inWashington,D.C.,hespoketoacrowdof250,000

44、people.Hetoldthem,"haveadream."Thatspeechisstill9（著名）.In1964hewontheNobelPeacePrize.Hisworkwasnot10（結(jié)束）whenhediedonApril4,1968.Whowashe?HewasMartinLutherKing.（12） DearMr.Costa,I'msorryithastakenmesolongtowrite.I'vebeenverybusywithworkandschool,butI've1(想起)youoften.How'veyou

45、beenlately?DidyouhaveagoodChristmasandNewYear'sMacsaysyou'vebeenworkinghardattherestaurantandthatbusinessisverygood.What2(另1J的)haveyoubeendoing?Ihadashortbutgoodvacation.MacandIwenttoChicagofor3(幾天)beforeChristmas,butI4(不得不)comebackandworkbetweenChristmasandNewYear's(includingChristmasDayandNewYear'5sEve)!(每次)somethinglikethat6(發(fā)生)IwonderifIreallywanttoworkinthehotelbusiness.TheotherdayIwasthinkingaboutthefunweusedtohave7(在我們英語課堂上).Ihaven'tseenmanyofourclassmatessincethecoursewasover,8(事實上),theonlyoneIseeveryoftenisTomiko.I'real