【高中英語教材知識梳理】選修六Unit4

1、Unit 4 Global warmingart 1輸人必備知識詞句通關(guān).語基程管.No.lNo.l狂背單詞I單詞語境記憶1.the latesttrend in fashion 時裝界最新趨勢2.a big flood last century 上個世紀的大洪水3.all different kinds of fuels 各種不同的燃料4.the graph of road accidents 交通事故曲線圖5.face ecological catastrophe 面臨生態(tài)災(zāi)難6.with in the no rmal range 在正常范圍內(nèi)7.unique circumstance 獨

2、特的狀況8.advocatebanning cars in the city centre 提倡市中心禁止車輛9.the average rainfall平均降水量10. the random test 隨機檢測n.詞性轉(zhuǎn)換與派生記憶1.glanee n. 瞥vi.看一下； 掃視2.in dividual n.個人；個體adj.單獨的；個別的3.consume vt.消費；消耗；耗盡；吃完 consumer n.顧客4.subscribe vi.同意；捐贈；訂閱 vt.簽署（文件）；捐助subscription n.同意;捐贈；訂閱；簽署5.te nd vi.趨向；易于；照顧 vt.照顧；護理

3、ten de ncy n.傾向；趨勢6.consequenee n.結(jié)果；后果；影響 consequent adj.隨之發(fā)生的；作為結(jié) 果的consequently adv.因此； 所以7.state vt.陳述；說明statement n.說明；說法；表白8.steady adj.平穩(wěn)的；穩(wěn)固的steadily adv.平穩(wěn)地；持續(xù)地9.economical adj.節(jié)約的；經(jīng)濟的economic adj.經(jīng)濟的economy n.經(jīng) 濟；節(jié)約10. existenee n.生存；存在 exist vi.存在existing adj.目前的； 現(xiàn)在的11. electrical adj.電的

4、；與電有關(guān)的 electricity n.電；電力electric adj. 電的；電動的electronic n.電子的12. educator n.教育工作者；教育家educate v.教育；培養(yǎng)education n.教 育；培養(yǎng)13.con tributionn.貢獻；捐助con tribute v .貢獻；撰稿；捐助；捐贈14. environmental adj.環(huán)境的environment n. 環(huán)境15. pollution n.污染；弄臟pollute vt.污染polluted adj.被污染的川.單詞趣味串記1 . Quantities of digital produc

5、ts are made in that village and all are of highquality.那個村子里生產(chǎn)了大量的數(shù)碼產(chǎn)品，它們質(zhì)量都很高。2. It is quite difficult to deal with the numerous data， s o our date has to be put off.處理這些龐大的數(shù)據(jù)太難了，我們不得不推遲日期。3. We aresupposedto opposesmoking in the public places. 我們應(yīng)該反對在公共場合抽煙。聯(lián)想記憶1 .特別“不規(guī)則 ”的名詞復數(shù)小結(jié)1datum data 數(shù)據(jù)2med

6、ium media 媒體3bacterium bacteria 纟田菌4criterio ncriteria標準5phenomenor phenomena 現(xiàn)象6crisis crises 危機2.與“災(zāi)難”有關(guān)的名詞集錦1flood 洪災(zāi)2drought 旱災(zāi)3disaster 災(zāi)難4catastrophe 大災(zāi)難5earthquake 地震6tsunami 海嘯3.“環(huán)境，情況”名詞家族1circumstanee 環(huán)境； 情況2environment 環(huán)境，自然環(huán)境3surroundings （周圍的）環(huán)境/事物4con ditio n 狀況，情況5situatio n 形勢，情況4. 后

7、綴ation 必備名詞集錦1presentation 顯示，演出2reformatio n 改革，革新3in vitati on 邀請4moder ni zati on 現(xiàn)代化5organization 組織6preparation 準備5. 與“電”有關(guān)的單詞薈萃1electrical adj.電的；與電有關(guān)的2electricity n.電；電流3electric adj.電的；電動的4electro nic adj. 電子的5electrics n. 電路6electricia n n. 電工； 電學家NO.2NO.2狂背短語 /短語背誦1. come about 發(fā)生；造成2. sub

8、scribe to 同意；贊成；訂購3. quantities of 大量的4. go up 上升；增長；升起5. result in 導致6.be opposed to 反對. ; 與.對立7.even if 即使8.keep on 繼續(xù)9.on the whole 大體上；基本上10. on behalf of 代表.一方；作為.的代言人11. put up with 忍受；容忍12. so long as 只要13. and so on 等等詞塊積累1.global warming 全球變暖2.natural phenomenon 自然現(xiàn)象3.greenhouse gases 溫室氣體4

9、.greenhouse effect 溫室效應(yīng)5.trap heat from the sun 吸收太陽的熱量6.be economical with energy 節(jié)約能源7. make accurate measurements of 對 做精確的測量8.as low as 低至 U.9.as high as 高達.10. have a commitment 承擔義務(wù)11. improve the environment 改善環(huán)境12. recycled materials 可回收材料NO.3狂背句式1.So how has this come abouand does it matte?

10、那么，這種溫度的增長是怎么產(chǎn)生的呢？會產(chǎn)生什么影響呢？2.There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer (see Graph 1) and that it is huma nactivity that has caused this global warm ing rather tha n a ran dom but n atural phe nomenon.毫無疑問，地球是在變暖(見表一)，而地球變暖正是人類活動導致而成的，并非 是一種無規(guī)律的自然現(xiàn)象。3. All scie ntists subscribe to the view

11、tha the in crease in the earth s temperature isdue to the burning of fossil fuels like coal, natural gas and oil to produce energ 所有的科學家贊同這種觀點：人們?yōu)榱松a(chǎn)能量而燃燒化石燃料（如煤、天然氣和石油等），從而引起了地球溫度的升高。4. Dr Janice Foster says that over the next 100 years the amount of warmingpuld beas low as 1 to 1.5 degreeCelsius,

12、but it could be as high as 5 degrees福斯特博士說，在今后的 100 年里，全球變暖的量可能低到 11.5 攝氏度，但是也有可能高達 5 攝氏度。5. Even if we start reduci ng the amount of carb on dioxide and other gree nhousegases the climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries.即使我們開始減少二氧化碳和其他溫室氣體的含量，在（未來）幾十年或幾個世紀內(nèi)，氣候仍會持續(xù)轉(zhuǎn)暖。6. It is OK

13、 to leave an electrical appliance on so long as you are using if not，turnit off!在用電器設(shè)備時你可以讓它開著，如果不用就把它關(guān)掉！.輕莆落實.I.單詞拼寫1. As the charts shows the quantity （數(shù)量）of the groundwater in our country is not satisfy ing.2.1 n addition to these traditional activities, we have a wider range 范圍）of choices，such a

14、s travelling and visiting our relatives or friends.3. The two pictures look so similar at one glance （一瞥），but they are totally differe nt.4. There is a （n）widespread 普遍的）concern over the issue whether students should make friends on line.5. The average 平均的）temperature ranges between 2Xand 39C and 51

15、% of theisla nd is covered with forests.6. The people who cannot quit smoking may easily be affected by his circumstance （情況）andsurroundin gs.7. I stro ngly advocate (主張)that we should make joi nt efforts to con tribute to the youth footballprogress.8. A cool drink refreshed 使恢復)me after my long wal

16、k.n.詞性變化練習1. With the subscription from the kind hearted people the teacher subscribed to some newspapers for the poor childre n in the mountain area.(subscribe)2. One of the worst consequences of smoking for a long time is that you may suffer lungcancer.Consequently you and your family will suffer

17、a lot.(consequent)3. Thanks to the river chief system, the local rivers pollution has been stopped and you cannotsee any polluted water in this city.(pollute)4. It was stated that the preside nt made a statement announcing new policies to deal with thenew situatio n.(state)5. They have contributed a

18、 lot of food and clothing to the refugees so far and their con tributi onswill certa in ly help the refugees live through the win ter.(co ntribute)6. Many people do not believe the existence of the ghost, but many young children believethere exists all kinds of ghosts in the world.How to solve this

19、existing problem? (exist)7. The storm tends to hit our city, and we will observe the tendency of it closely.(te nd)8. The air conditioners of this type consume too much electricity.Many consumers compla inabout this.(c on sume)川選詞填空come abou, subscribe to, quantities of, go up, result in, be opposed

20、 tc, keep on, on the whole,on behalf of, put up with1. On behalf _of every one here I wish you a pleasa nt journey back to your country.2. We want to know how it came aboutthat humans speak so many different Ian guages.3. I can pui up with my no isy roommates any Ion ger.4. The other day, he subscri

21、bed _to many magazines for the poor children.a large/small qua ntity of大/少量的5.Quantities_of drinking water have been transported to the flooded area.6.You have made a few mistakes in your composition but on the whole, it was writte n well.7.The oil price has gone_up aga in and many car owners beg in

22、 to compla in aga in.8.Stress and tiredness often result in a lack of concentration.9.His friend advised him to give up the work, but he had to keep _on doing it.10. Her parents are opposed_to her marrying that guy.IV .補全句子1.How does it come about that there is more than one English in the world? 世界

23、上有不止一種英語，這件事情是怎么樣發(fā)生的呢？2.There_is_ doubt thatit is what he said that draws our attention to theeve nt.毫無疑問是他所說的話引起了我們對這件事的注意。3 . As is shown in the survey , more than 70% of the interviewees subscribe _to _the _view _thatair pollution results from the emission of gases from factories and automobiles.

24、正如調(diào)查中所顯示的那樣，百分之七十多的被采訪者同意這種觀點，空氣污染來源自工廠和機動車排放的廢氣。4.The floods have struck_as many _as_6 provinces in the south China.在中國南方，受洪水襲擊的省份多達 6 個。5.Dean still refused to join in the game even if/though we _aU _did_our best to persuadehim盡管我們都盡最大的努力去說服 Dea n,但是他依然拒絕參加這場比賽。6.H_is_OK to accept the job as long

25、as you like itJf at don t do it.只要喜歡這份工作，你可以接受它。如果不喜歡，不要做這份工作。P_art 2|掌握核心惣里分層突破“1核心要點突破1. quantity n.量；數(shù)量(large) quantities of 大量的in quantity/in large quantities 大量的單句語法填空1We can offer you a better price if you can buy it in quantity.2As a result of destroying the forests, a large quantity of deser

26、t has covered (cover) the land.佳句背誦I know you once participated in a robotics competition and won the award , so youmust have accumulated a large quantity of/quantities of experience.(2018 天津高考滿分作文)我知道你曾經(jīng)參加過機器人大賽，并且獲得了大獎，因此你肯定積累了大量的經(jīng) 驗。名師指津“a quantity of +名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；而“quantities of+名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞

27、用復數(shù)。2. oppose vt 反對；反抗；與(某人)較量(1)oppose sth/doing sth 反對(做)某事oppose sb/sdoing sth 反對某人/某人做某事opposed adj.反對的；對立的be opposed to 反對.；與.對立(to 為介詞)單句語法填空1The mayor is strongly opposed to building (build) a new hall，which may cost a lot of mon ey.2Her pare nts are opposed to her (she) going abroad.3However

28、， many students and parents oppose separating (separate) students into scie neeand art.佳句背誦 A lot of people as well as the preside nt of the an imal protecti on associationoppose doingxperime nts on ani mals.不僅動物保護協(xié)會的會長，而且許多人都反對拿動物做實驗。3. consequence n. 結(jié)果； 后果； 影響(1)as a consequenee 因此； 結(jié)果as a conseq

29、uenee o in consequenee of 由于. 的緣故in consequence= consequently 因此；結(jié)果consequent adj.隨之發(fā)生的；作為結(jié)果的單句語法填空/補全句子1Consequently (consequenee) she understood it and became interested in Chinese traditi onalculture.2As_a consequenee_ f human activitieslike cutting down bamboos, thepan das are lack ing in food s

30、ource.由于像砍伐竹子這樣的人類活動，熊貓缺少了食物來源。佳句背誦As a consequence children become so reliant on their parents that theyhave no independent thought or creative ideas 福建高考書面表達)結(jié)果，孩子們變得太依賴于父母，以至于他們沒有獨立的思想和創(chuàng)造性的想法。4.range n.種類；范圍；幅度；界限 v.(在一定范圍內(nèi))變動；變化；排列(1) a wide range of 一系列.within/in the range of 在.范圍內(nèi)beyond onWs r

31、ange 某人能力達不至 U 的(2) range from.to.在.范圍內(nèi)變動單句語法填空1The price of the house is so high that it is well beyond our range.2He has a number of interests ranging (range) from playing chess to swimming.佳句背誦The team will hold a range of activities，including some training andmatches.(2017 全國卷川滿分作文)球隊將舉行各種各樣的活動，

32、包含各種訓練和比賽。5. average adj.平均的；普通的；正(平)常的 n.平均數(shù)；平均水平；一般水準v v.平均為；計算出的平均數(shù)(1) a n average of平均有(2) on (the) average 平均起來above (the) average 在平均水平以上below (the) average 在平均水平以下補全句子There were 90 students getting full marks in the exam，an average_ f 18 students in eachclass.Tom s ate/e averagewhile John s w

33、Oelow average 在這次考試中有 90 個同學得到了滿分，每個班級平均有 18 人。湯姆的成績在平 均水平之上，而約翰的成績在平均水平之下。佳句背誦All students have two PE classes a week and run for an average of 20minutes every day.(2018 全國卷川滿分作文)所有學生每周有兩節(jié)體育課，每天平均跑20 分鐘。6. circumstance n.環(huán)境；情況under/in the circumstances 在此情況下under/in no circumstances 決不；無論如何都不(位于句首時

34、，句子要用部分倒裝)補全句子It might not be a perfect solution, but it the best I can do under/in the circumsta nces這也許不是一個完美的解決辦法，但這是在此情況下我能做得最好的。佳句背誦Furthermore, under/in no circumstanceSs punishment a wise choice tohelp them grow up men tally and physically.俠西高考)另外，懲罰絕不是一種明智的選擇來幫助他們在精神和身體方面健康成長。7. come about 發(fā)

35、生； 造成come on 快點；加油；得了吧come to 合計；達到；恢復come up 走近；上來；發(fā)生；被提及come across 邂逅；偶遇come up with 提出； 想出； 趕上come into being 形成； 產(chǎn)生單句語法填空1I lhever understand how it came about that you were an hour late on such a short jour ney.2When important questions come up， the members often lose their dignified ways and

36、shoutat each other.3How the custom came into being remains a mystery.佳句背誦When we read newspapers we often come acrosssuch English words as“AIDS” and “PK 江蘇高考書面表達)讀報時，我們常會遇到像 “AIDS 和“PK 這樣的英語單詞。名師指津come about 是不及物動詞短語，不可用于被動語態(tài)和進行時態(tài)。8. result in 導致result from 由.造成；因. 而產(chǎn)生as a result 結(jié)果as a result of 由于

37、.的結(jié)果選用上述短語填空1There is more and more noise pollutions _a _resultmany species are dying out.2As_a result of more and more noise pollution many species are dying out.3More and more noise pollution has resulted_jn many species dying out.4The fact that many species are dying out results from more and mor

38、e noise polluti on.佳句背誦As a result I don t have enoughei to take exercise.(2017 天津高考書面表達）結(jié)果是我沒有時間鍛煉身體名師指津result in 的主語是“起因”，賓語是“結(jié)果” ;result from 的主語是“結(jié)果”，賓語是“起因”。9. put up with 容忍；忍受put off 延期；推遲put out 熄滅；撲滅put up 建造；張貼；供給.住宿；舉起put aside 節(jié)??；儲蓄；把.放在一邊put away 收起來；放好put forward 提出建議；把 .向前撥補全句子1Inthat

39、 case , we will have tolear ntoput up with some qf _bjs shortcomings and try to discover his advantages.那樣，我們就不得不學會忍受他的一些缺點并努力試圖發(fā)現(xiàn)他的優(yōu)點。2A suggestion has been_put forward that we should recycle the textbooks. 有人提出建議，我們應(yīng)該循環(huán)利用教科書。佳句背誦A week before Earth Day, posters wereput up in our school,calling upo

40、n us to join in theacti ons for a greener earth.（2016l 匕京高考書面表達）地球日前一周，校園里就張貼了海報，號召我們?yōu)楦泳G色的地球一起行動起來。10. so/as long asIt is OK to leave an electrical applia nce on so long asyou are using it if not，turn it off!（教材原句）只要你在使用電器設(shè)備，你可以讓它開著，如果不用就把它關(guān)掉！so/as long as “只要”，引導條件狀語從句。（1）引導條件狀語從句的連詞短語：on con diti

41、 on that 只要1You can write anything relevantas/so long aSt s interesting and informati(全國卷I書面表達)只要內(nèi)容有趣且信息量大，你可以寫任何相關(guān)的內(nèi)容。2As long as you keep studying hard you can improve your maths.f On condition that you keep studying hard you can improve your maths.(2)as long as 還可表示“與.一樣長”；類似結(jié)構(gòu)：短語原意引申義as long as與

42、一樣長只要as well as與一樣好也；和as far as遠到就.而言；至于as good as與一樣好幾乎選用上述短語填空3We as well_as Tom went to Hainan to spend our holiday.4As far as I am concerned I am strongly against the plan.5A distant relative is not as good_ s a near neighbour.6You can borrow my car as long_as you promise not to drive too fast.心

43、考綱詞匯專練I.多義詞專練一一選擇語境中詞匯的含義1. averageA. n.平均數(shù) B. adj.平均的 C. adj.普通的 D. vt.平均為1The average age of the boys in this class is fiftee n._B2It s said that the newspaper office receivesaverage of nearly 100 articles a day.in case如果；萬一A3There was nothing special about the film- it was on ly average C4The hot

44、el averages50 to 100 foreig n guests daily._D2. subscribe toA.贊成 B .同意 C .訂購1We all subscribed towhat he had said._B2He subscribes tdhe view that childre n can ben efit from being in depe nden3I have subscribed toseveral magaz ines recen tlyCn.微閱讀一一寫出黑體詞匯在語境中的詞性和詞義The tendency of global warming has

45、been observed worldwide.One of the2consequenceof the average temperature steadily going up is that catastrophes like floodsoccur more ofte n. Collected data make a clear presentationabout how this phenomenoncomes about.Large qua ntities of carb on dioxide released into the atmospherepreve ntheat fro

46、m escap ing into space besides caus ing a wide range of pollution.Scientists subscribe tothe view that human sexistenee and their casual behaviours are to blame.Though some one statesthat global warmi ng is moderate not severe, we must find a solution to the threat.The commitmentrequires shared effo

47、rts.It is now a global trend to consume fewer fossil fuels.Governme nts tend to advocaterefresh ing our livi ng circumsta nces by sav ing en ergy and recycli ng waste.n.傾向；趨勢n.結(jié)果；后果3n.大災(zāi)難；浩劫 n.顯示5n.現(xiàn)象 vi.同意7adj.隨便的；漫不經(jīng)心的 n.承諾vt.消費；消耗vt.擁護；提倡；主張川.微完形- 根據(jù)語境選出正確選項Accord ing to the statistics, _1_, a pe

48、rs on produces about 2 kilograms of garbage per day,which is considered as one of the pollution sources _2_ in the en vir onment polluti on. The garbagepollutio n, which we cannot _3, brings great difficulties to our life .In additi on, a large _4_ ofpolluti on is damagi ng our environment.As a _5_,

49、 our health is under threat.So, let swork_6ogether toany form of destructi on of the en vir onment.1. A.on the wholeC. in consequeneeB. on averageD . in the circumsta nces2. A.resultingB . inv olvi ngC. believingD . ranging3. A.keep onB . subscribe toC. come up withD . put up with4. A.commitmentB .

50、subscripti onC. quantityD . stateme nt5. A.consequeneeB . disagreeme ntC. contributionD . tendency6. A.refreshB. opposeC. advocateD . con sume答案 1.B 2.A3.D4.C 5.A 6.BPart 3練實基礎(chǔ)考點多維檢測I.在空白處填入 1 個適當?shù)膯卧~或所給單詞的正確形式 熱考?？?. I have a tendencyjp Jalktalk) too much when I m nervous.2. The woman living next do

51、or is a well known educator(educate)3. I couldn t putwipi the stress of the work, so I quit it.4. Though the doctor told Mr.King to give up smoking, he kept on doing(do) it.5. There were 40 students competing in the speech conteswhose ages_ranged(range) from 15 to 20.6. Under no circumstances should

52、 you be addicted to drinking.7. There are some disagreements(disagree) among,uso we need to decide on a date to discuss thematter.8. You can subscribe_to the magazine for as little as $32 a year.9. They were_tending(tend) the patient when the door opened automatically.10.It seems that food prices ar

53、e rising _steadily(steady) but the money Jenny earns keeps the same.n.用所給詞的正確形式填空不規(guī)則變化1. The supply of food almost ran(run) out and we felt helpless.2. The temperature in this area has gone(go) up 2 degrees than that at the same time last year.3. He didn t lose hope andbt(keep) on trying.川改正下列句子中的唯一

54、錯誤 易錯易混1 .The chemist raised his han dgla need his watch and left his office in a hurry.glanced后力卩 at2. There is no doubt he is desperate for knowledge.dou 后力卩 that3. It was due to the floods when our houses were damaged.whenthat4. No one knows when this strange tradition came into the existenc 去掉 t

55、he5. There are several spelling mistakes in your composition but on a whole, it is quite good.a the6. Tom is unwilling to go to school even a wide range of activities is provided for children there.even后力口 if/though7. Joh n accepted the champi on ship in behalf of the teamjnon8. We ve see n a great

56、grow in the nu mber of bus in ess using the wpbw growth9. As long as you feel happy and don t care about what others think of y 去掉 and10. With the house prices gone up, many people cannot afford to buy one of their own .gonegoingIV .根據(jù)語境選出加黑詞的正確含義一一熟詞生義A. indifferent B. not often C. put in order1. I

57、 mshamedto admit that I mjfflU al user of the library service._B2. All the books are ranged on the shelf._CP_art 4提高應(yīng)試技能切塊集訓I閱讀提速練III.閱讀理解Tomas Rodriguez65 Econo Lane，Lexington，VA 24450Phone：（801）2258649October 21Arcadian Clock Co.Warra nty（保修）Departme nt6531 West Board Stree，tRichmond，VA 23230To wh

58、om it may concern，As my watch （model：5M430B19，S/N：6D8256） was clearly in need of repair，I recently took it to the Lexington Repair Center where all the faulty components in Arcadian watchesare repaired.To my surpris，e my request for the repairs to be billed to your company was declined inspite of th

59、e fact that there are still three years remaining in the coverage period.As there are no otherauthorized service centers in my area， I had to pay $70 for the repairs myself.I have included a copy of the receipt I got for the repairs and a copy of my warranty certificate.Pleaselet me know if you need

60、 any additional information.Regards，Tomas RodriguezWarranty CertificateThank you for purchasing the 5M43 0B19 automatic watch.We are proud of our reputation forquality and customer service and our long history of providing fine timepieces to enthusiasticcollectors around the world.To maximize the pe