初高中英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)銜接

1、【精品文檔】如有侵權(quán)，請(qǐng)聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除，僅供學(xué)習(xí)與交流初高中英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)銜接.精品文檔.初高中英語(yǔ)銜接專(zhuān)題一：名詞考點(diǎn)集匯，講解和訓(xùn)練一、名詞的數(shù) 1單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù) 可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式。復(fù)數(shù)形式通常是在單數(shù)形式后加詞尾“-s”構(gòu)成，其主要變法如下：（1）一般情況在詞尾加-s，例如：bookbooks，girlgirls，boyboys，penpens,doctordoctors, boyboys。（2）以s，x，ch，sh，結(jié)尾的詞加-es，例如：busbuses，classclassesboxboxes，watchwatches，brushbrushes。 （3）以ce, se, ze,（

2、d）ge結(jié)尾的名詞加s，例如：orangeoranges。（4）以輔音母加y結(jié)尾的詞變“y”為“i”再加-es,例如：citycities, factoryfactories, countrycountries, familyfamilies。但要注意的是以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式只加s，如：boyboys, daydays。（5）以o結(jié)尾的詞多數(shù)都加-es。例如:heroheroes，potatopotatoes，tomatotomatoes,但詞末為兩個(gè)元音字母的詞只加-s。例如：zoozoos，radioradios，還有某些外來(lái)詞也只加-s，例如：photophotos，pia

3、nopianos。（6） 以f或fe結(jié)尾的詞，多數(shù)變f為v再加-es，例如：knifeknives，leafleaves, halfhalves。復(fù)數(shù)詞尾s（或es）的讀音方法如下表所示。復(fù)數(shù)詞尾s（或es）的讀音方法情況 讀法 例詞 在ptkf等清輔音后 s cups, hats, cakes 在sztd3F等音后 iz glasses, pages, oranges, buses, watches,faces 在bdgv等濁輔音后 z beds, dogs, cities, knives （7）少數(shù)名詞有不規(guī)則的復(fù)數(shù)形式，例如：manmen，womanwomen，toothteeth，fo

4、otfeet，childchildren，mousemice?！咀⒁狻颗cman和woman構(gòu)成的合成詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式也是-men和-women。例如：an Englishman，two Englishmen。但German不是合成詞，故復(fù)數(shù)形式為 Germans；man, woman等作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，它的單復(fù)數(shù)以其所修飾的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而定，如：menworkers， women teachers。有個(gè)別名詞單復(fù)數(shù)一樣，例如：Chinese，Japanese，sheep，deer，fish等。但當(dāng)fish表示不同種類(lèi)的魚(yú)時(shí)，可以加復(fù)數(shù)詞尾。（8）單數(shù)形式但其意為復(fù)數(shù)的名詞有：people, police

5、等。（9）數(shù)詞+名詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，這個(gè)名詞一般保留單數(shù)形式，中間加連字符。例如 an 8-year-old girl, a ten-mile walk。（10）還有些名詞僅有復(fù)數(shù)形式，如：trousers，clothes，chopsticks，glasses，goods，ashes，scissors，compasses。（11）只用作單數(shù)的復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞有：科學(xué)名詞：physics, mathematics/maths游戲名稱(chēng)：bowls專(zhuān)有名詞：the United States, Niagara Falls其他名詞：news, falls2不可數(shù)名詞“量”的表示方法在英語(yǔ)中，不可數(shù)名詞如果要表

6、示“量的概念”，可以用以下兩種方法：（1）用much, a little, a lot of/lots of, some, any等表示多少，例如：The rich man has a lot of moneyThere is some milk in the bottleIs there any water in the glass？I don't like winter because there's too much snow and ice（2）用a piece of 這類(lèi)定語(yǔ)，例如：a piece of paper a piece of wood a piece of

7、 bread a bottle of orange a glass of water（milk） a cup of tea a cup of tea a bag of rice three bags of rice如果要表示“兩杯茶”、“四張紙”這類(lèi)概念時(shí)，在容器后加復(fù)數(shù)，例如：two cups of teafour pieces of paperthree glasses of water不可數(shù)名詞也可用a lot of, lots of, some, any, much等來(lái)修飾。二、名詞的所有格 名詞所有格，用來(lái)表示人或物的所有，以及領(lǐng)屬關(guān)系。1. 表示有生命的名詞的所有格其單數(shù)形式是加

8、's,其復(fù)數(shù)形式是s'，例如：a student's room, students' rooms, father's shoes。2. 如其結(jié)尾不是s的復(fù)數(shù)形式仍加 's，如：Children's Day。3. 在表示時(shí)間、距離、長(zhǎng)度、重量、價(jià)格、世界、國(guó)家等名詞的所有格要用 's，例如：a twenty minutes' walk，ten miles' journey，a boat's length，two pounds' weight, ten dollars' worth。4. 無(wú)生命

9、名詞的所有格則必須用of結(jié)構(gòu)，例如：a map of China，the end of this term，the capital of our country, the color of the flowers。5. 雙重所有格，例如：a friend of my father's?！咀⒁狻咳绻麅蓚€(gè)名詞并列，并且分別有 's，則表示“分別有”，例如：John's and Mary's rooms（約翰和瑪麗各有一間，共兩間）；Tom's and Mary's bikes（兩人各自的自行車(chē)）。兩個(gè)名詞并列，只有一個(gè)'s，則表示“共有”，例

10、如：John and Mary's room（約翰和瑪麗共有一間）；Tom and Mary's mother（即Tom與Mary是兄妹）?！狙菥殹?- Where have you been, Tim? - Ive been to _.A. the Henry house      B. the Henry family C. The Henrys home    D. Henrys2In England, if _ is in the middle of the day, the evening

11、 meal is called supper.A. food   B. lunch   C. breakfast   D. dinner3You looked for it twice, but you havent found it. Why not try _ .A. three times   B. a third time   C. the third time   D. once4- They are thirsty. Will you please give th

12、em _ ? - Certainly.A. some bottles of waters   B. some bottles of waterC. some bottle of water     D. some bottle of waters5Mike hurt one of his _ in the accident yesterday.A. tooth   B. feet   C. hand   D. ear6There is some _ on the plate.

13、A. cakes   B. meat   C. potato   D. pears7In England, the last name is the  _ .A. family name   B. middle   C. given name   D. full name8They are going to fly _ to Beijing.A. Germen   B. Germany   C. Germanys &

14、#160; D. Germans9The_ has two _ .A. boys; watches   B. boy; watch   C. boy; watches   D. boys; watch10The little baby has two _ already.A. tooth   B. tooths   C. teeth   D. teeths11Whats your _ for being late again?A. idea   B. ke

15、y   C. excuse   D. news12- Its dangerous here. Wed better go out quickly.- But I think we should let _ go out first.A. woman and children   B. women and childC. woman and child      D. women and children13- You can see Mr. Smith if there is a si

16、gn “_ ”on the door of his shop.- Thanks.A.ENTRANCE       B.BUSINESS HOURS C.THIS SIDE UP   D.NO SMOKING14Are they going to have a picnic on _ ?A. Childrens Day    B. Childrenss Day C. Childrens Day     D. Children Day15W

17、here are the students? Are they in _ ?A. the Room 406   B. Room 406   C. the 406 Room   D. 406 Room【練習(xí)答案】1.D 2.B 3.B 4.B 5.B  6.B 7.A 8.D 9.C 10.C 11.C 12.D 13.B 14.A 15.B 專(zhuān)題二：形容詞、副詞考點(diǎn)集匯，講解和訓(xùn)練【名師點(diǎn)睛】1. 形容詞的用法 (1) 形容詞在句中作定語(yǔ), 表語(yǔ), 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。 例如： Our country is a

18、beautiful country. （作定語(yǔ)） The fish went bad. （作表語(yǔ)）We keep our classroom clean and tidy. （作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)）(2) 形容詞修飾something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代詞時(shí),形容詞放在名詞后面。 I have something important to tell you. Is there anything interesting in the film. (3) 用 and 或 or 連接起來(lái)的兩個(gè)形容詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)一般把它們放在被修飾的名詞后面。起進(jìn)一步解釋的作用。

19、 Everybody, man and woman, old and young, should attend the meeting. You can take any box away, big or small. (4) the形容詞表示一類(lèi)人或物 The rich should help the poor.2. 副詞的用法(1) 副詞在句中可作狀語(yǔ),表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。 He studies very hard. （作狀語(yǔ)）Life here is full of joy. （作定語(yǔ)） When will you be back? （作表語(yǔ)） 副詞按其用途和含義可分為下面五類(lèi)：1)時(shí)間副詞時(shí)間

20、副詞通常用來(lái)表示動(dòng)作的時(shí)間。常見(jiàn)的時(shí)間副詞有：now today, tomorrow, yesterday, before, late, early, never, seldom, sometimes, often, usually, always等。例如：He often comes to school late.What are we going to do tomorrow?He is never been to Beijing.2)地點(diǎn)副詞地點(diǎn)副詞通常用來(lái)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)。常見(jiàn)的地點(diǎn)副詞有：here, there, inside, outside, home, upstairs, d

21、ownstairs, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere, somewhere, down, up, off, on, in, out等。例如：I met an old friend of mine on my way home.He went upstairs.Put down your name here.3)方式副詞方式副詞一般都是回答“怎樣的？”這類(lèi)問(wèn)題的，其中絕大部分都是由一個(gè)形容詞加詞尾-ly構(gòu)成的, 有少數(shù)方式副詞不帶詞尾-ly, 它們與形容詞同形。常見(jiàn)的方式副詞有：anxiously, badly, bravely, calmly, carefully,

22、 proudly, rapidly, suddenly, successfully, angrily, happily, slowly, warmly, well, fast, slow, quick, hard, alone, high, straight, wide等。例如：The old man walked home slowly.Please listen to the teacher carefully.The birds are flying high.He runs very fast.4)程度副詞程度副詞多數(shù)用來(lái)修飾形容詞和副詞，有少數(shù)用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞或介詞短語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)的程度副詞有

23、：much, (a) little, a bit, very, so, too, enough, quite, rather, pretty, greatly, completely, nearly, almost, deeply, hardly, partly等。例如：Her pronunciation is very good.She sings quite well.I can hardly agree with you.5)疑問(wèn)副詞是用來(lái)引導(dǎo)特殊疑問(wèn)句的副詞。常見(jiàn)的疑問(wèn)副詞有：how, when, where, why等。例如：How are you getting along wit

24、h your studies?Where were you yesterday?Why did you do that?(2)副詞在句中的位置1)多數(shù)副詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)放在動(dòng)詞之后。如果動(dòng)詞帶有賓語(yǔ)，則放在賓語(yǔ)之后。例如：Mr Smith works very hard.She speaks English well.2)頻度副詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常放在行為動(dòng)詞之前，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，助動(dòng)詞和be動(dòng)詞之后。例如：He usually gets up early.Ive never heard him singing.She is seldom ill.3)程度副詞一般放在所修飾的形容詞和副詞的前面, 但enoug

25、h作副詞用時(shí)，通常放在被修飾詞的后面。例如：It is a rather difficult job.He runs very fast.He didnt work hard enough.4)副詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般放在被修飾的名詞之后。例如：On my way home, I met my uncle.The students there have a lot time to do their own research work.(3)部分常用副詞的用法1) very, much這兩個(gè)副詞都可表示“很”，但用法不同。Very用來(lái)修飾形容詞和副詞的原級(jí)，而much用來(lái)修飾形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)。例如

26、：She is a very nice girlIm feeling much better now.Much可以修飾動(dòng)詞，而very則不能。例如：I dont like the idea much.They did not talk much.2) too, either這兩個(gè)副詞都表示“也”，但too用于肯定句，either用于否定句。例如：She can dance, and I can dance, too.I havent read the book and my brother hasnt either.3) already, yetalready一般用于語(yǔ)肯定句，yet一般用于否

27、定句。例如：He has already left.Have you heard from him yet?He hasnt answered yet.4) so, neitherso和neither都可用于倒裝句， 但so表示肯定，neither表示否定。例如：My brother likes football and so do I.My brother doesnt like dancing and neither do I.3. 形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)(1) 兩個(gè)人或事物的比較時(shí)（不一定每一方只有一個(gè)人或一個(gè)事物），用比較級(jí)。 Our teacher is taller than

28、 we are. The boys in her class are taller than the boys in your class.(2) most 同形容詞連用而不用 the,表示 "極,很,非常, 十分"。 It's most dangerous to be here. 在這兒太危險(xiǎn)。 (3)“The+形容詞比較級(jí)., the+形容詞比較級(jí).”表示“越. 就越.”。 The more you study, the more you know. (4) “形容詞比較級(jí) + and + 形容詞比較級(jí)”, 表示 “ 越來(lái)越.”。 It's gettin

29、g hotter and hotter. (5) 主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)(系動(dòng)詞)+as+形容詞原形+as+從句。表示兩者對(duì)比相同。 This box is as big as mine. (6) the + 形容詞，表示某種人。 He always helps the poor. (7) 形容詞和副詞最高級(jí)用于三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人和物進(jìn)行比較。 Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China.【演練】1There are many young trees on        sides of

30、 the road. A. every            B. each             C. both             D. all2- Its so cold today. - Yes, its      

31、  than it was yesterday. A. more cold        B. more colder          C. much colder      D. cold3Little Tom has        friends, so he often plays alone.A. more 

32、        B. a little             C. many             D. few4She isnt so        at maths as you are. A. well    

33、     B. good             C. better               D. best5Peter writes        of the three. A. better      B. b

34、est                 C. good             D. well6He is        enough to carry the heavy box. A. stronger      

35、  B. much stronger   C. strong          D. the strongest7I bought        exercise-books with        money. A. a few; a few         

36、;                B. a few; a little    C. a little; a few                          D. a little;

37、 a little8The box is        heavy for the girl        carry. A. too; to          B. to; too          C. so; that       &

38、#160; D. no; to9The ice in the lake is about one meter       . Its strong enough to skate on. A. long         B. high             C. thick        

39、;    D. wide10Wu Lin ran        faster than the other boys in the sports meeting. A. so               B. much             C. very&

40、#160;            D. too11. Jone looks so _ today because she has got an “A” in her maths test. A. happy B. happily C. angry D. angrily12. The smile on my fathers face showed that he was _ with me. A. sad B. pleased C. angry D. sorry13. -Mum, could yo

41、u buy me a dress like this? -Certainly, we can buy _ one than this, but _ this. A. a better; better than B. a worse; as good as C. a cheaper; as good as D. a more important; good as14. -This digital camera is really cheap! -The _ the better. Im short of money, you see. A. cheap B. cheaper C. expensi

42、ve D. more expensive15. If you want to learn English well, you must use it as _ as possible. A. often B. long C. hard D. soon16. Paul has _ friends except me, and sometimes he feels lonely. A. many B. some C. few D. more17. English people _ use Mr. Before a mans first name. A. never B. usually C. of

43、ten D. sometimes18. -One more satellite was sent up into space in China in May. -Right. The government spoke _ that. A. highly for B. high of C. well of D. highly of19. -Remember this, children. _ careful you are, _ mistakes you will make. -We know, Miss Gao. A. The more; the more B. The fewer; the

44、more C. The more; the fewer D. The less; the less20. I have _ to do today. A. anything important B. something important C. important nothing D. important something【練習(xí)答案】1.C 2.C 3.D 4.B 5.B 6.C 7.B 8.A 9.C 10.B 11.A 12.B 13.C 14.B 15.A 16.C 17.A 18.D 19.C 20.B專(zhuān)題三：動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)集匯，講解和訓(xùn)練1.動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)用共有十六種時(shí)態(tài)，

45、其中常用的有8種，它們是：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)、一般將來(lái)時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)和過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。（1）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的基本用法1) 經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，常與表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)： every, sometimes,at, on Sunday I leave home for school at 7 every morning.2) 客觀真理，客觀存在，科學(xué)事實(shí)。 The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China.3) 表示格言或警句中。 Pride goes before

46、a fall.【注意】此用法如果出現(xiàn)在賓語(yǔ)從句中，即使主句是過(guò)去時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)也要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例：Columbus proved that the earth is round.4) 現(xiàn)在時(shí)刻的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個(gè)性。 I don't want so much.5) 某些動(dòng)詞如 come, go, move, stop, leave, arrive, be, finish, continue, start 等，在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)句中可用來(lái)表示將來(lái)肯定會(huì)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 The train comes at 3 o'clock. 6) 在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句或條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)

47、時(shí)。 I'll help you as soon as you have problem. Tell Xiao Li about it if you meet him. （2）一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法： 表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況，通常一般過(guò)去式帶有表示動(dòng)作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的詞，詞組或從句,如 yesterday, the day before last, last week, two days ago 等,上下文清楚時(shí)可以不帶時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。 I worked in that factory last year. 【注意】1) 過(guò)去經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，也可用used to或would

48、加動(dòng)詞原形來(lái)表達(dá)，例如： I used to go fishing on Sundays. 2) “used to”也可用于表示過(guò)去曾經(jīng)存在過(guò)的狀態(tài)。例如： This river used to be clean.（3）一般將來(lái)時(shí)的用法1）表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。例如： I shall attend the meeting tomorrow. 2）表示將來(lái)反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。例如：He will go to see his mother every Saturdays. 3）表示將來(lái)的意愿，決心，許諾， 命令等時(shí)常用will，征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)，主語(yǔ)是第一人稱(chēng)時(shí)，常用shall。 I will

49、 do my best to catch up with them. Shall I open the door? 4）be + going + 動(dòng)詞不定式。也是一種將來(lái)時(shí)句型，表示打算，計(jì)劃，最近或?qū)?lái)要作的某事。 I am going to Beijing next week. 5）be + 動(dòng)詞不定式。表示有職責(zé)，義務(wù)，可能，約定，意圖等。 There is to be a meeting this afternoon. We are to meet the guests at the station. 6）be about + 動(dòng)詞不定式，表示馬上，很快作某事。 They are ab

50、out to leave. （4）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法 1）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法表示說(shuō)話(huà)者說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)正在發(fā)生或者進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作， 它注重現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，而不管動(dòng)作從什么時(shí)間開(kāi)始，到什么時(shí)間結(jié)束。 What are you doing now? I am looking for my key. 2）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示目前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作（但說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)這個(gè)動(dòng)作不一定在進(jìn)行）。 The students are preparing for the examination. 3）某些動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，這些動(dòng)詞有 arrive, come, leave, start等。 They are go

51、ing to Hong Kong tomorrow. 【注意】有些動(dòng)詞一般不可以用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，尤其是靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞，如：be, have表示認(rèn)識(shí)、知覺(jué)和情感的動(dòng)詞，如：know, think, hear, find, see, like, want, wish, prefer等。（5）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法 1) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示在說(shuō)話(huà)之前已經(jīng)完成或剛完成的動(dòng)作。 I have bought a ten-speed bicycle. They have cleaned the classroom. 2) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作從過(guò)去開(kāi)始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，或者還有可能持續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與

52、for 和 since 引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)或從句連用。 We have lived here since 1976. They have waited for more than two hours. 【注意】一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別 過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過(guò)去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)為過(guò)去發(fā)生的，強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響；一般過(guò)去時(shí)常與具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。試比較：I saw this film yesterday.（強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作發(fā)生過(guò)了，不涉及現(xiàn)在）I have seen this film. （強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。）（6）過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法

53、 表示過(guò)去某時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的狀態(tài)或動(dòng)作。例如：I was watching TV when she came to see me. 【注意】過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)都是過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情，但過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)側(cè)重表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或所處的狀態(tài)，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的連續(xù)進(jìn)行，而一般過(guò)去時(shí)則表示單純的過(guò)去事實(shí)，例如：They were building a house last month. （上個(gè)月正在建造，建造好與否不知）They built a new house last month. （上個(gè)月建造好了，動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成）（7）過(guò)去完成時(shí)的用法 過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一動(dòng)作之前完成的動(dòng)作或所處的狀態(tài)，

54、過(guò)去完成時(shí)常和 by , before 等詞組成的短語(yǔ)和從句連用。 We had already learned two thousand words by the end of last year. When we arrived at the station, they had waited for more than twenty minutes. （8）過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的用法過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)表示從過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在地狀態(tài)，過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)較多地被運(yùn)用在賓語(yǔ)從句中。例如：They were going to have a meeting.I told him that I would se

55、e him off at the station.2.動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)有兩種：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的接受者為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。（1）被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1) 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)最基本的句型結(jié)構(gòu)是： be +及物動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞 2) 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一定要是及物動(dòng)詞因?yàn)楸粍?dòng)句中的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，某些短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞如look after, think of, take care of, work out, laugh at等，也可用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。The children were taken good care of by her. 【注意】短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中的介詞或副詞變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)不可遺漏。3)

56、 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)要加“to”的情況若賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)是不帶to 的不定式，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，該不定式前要加“to”。此類(lèi)動(dòng)詞為感官動(dòng)詞，如：feel, hear, help, listen to, look at, make, observe, see, notice, watch等。例如：The teacher made me go out of the classroom.I was made to go out of the classroom (by the teacher).4) 主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義 如wash, clean, look, cut, sell, read, wear,

57、 feel, draw, write, sell等動(dòng)詞雖然用做主動(dòng)形式卻表示被動(dòng)的意義。例如：The food tastes good.3.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞對(duì)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的考點(diǎn)是：感官動(dòng)詞后不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的用法；一些特殊動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)不帶to，但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)就要帶to；有些動(dòng)詞既可接不定式也可接動(dòng)詞ing形式作賓語(yǔ)，但表達(dá)的意思不同。這些都是歷年中考的重點(diǎn)。（1）非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞指的是在句中起名詞，形容詞或副詞作用的動(dòng)詞形式，而不是作謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞形式。 動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)形式分為動(dòng)名詞，分詞，動(dòng)詞不定式。（2）不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)Father will

58、 not allow us to play on the street.（3）不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.（4）用不定式和分詞作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)都可以的動(dòng)詞這樣的動(dòng)詞有感官動(dòng)詞如：see, hear, look, notice, observe, feel等，使役動(dòng)詞如：have, make, leave, keep, get等。接不定式表示動(dòng)作的完整性，真實(shí)性；+doing 表示動(dòng)作的連續(xù)性，進(jìn)行性。 I saw him work in the garden yesterday. 昨天我看見(jiàn)他在花園里干活了。(強(qiáng)調(diào)“我看見(jiàn)了”這個(gè)事

59、實(shí)) I saw him working in the garden yesterday.（強(qiáng)調(diào)“我見(jiàn)他正干活”這個(gè)動(dòng)作）昨天我見(jiàn)他正在花園里干活。（5）用不帶to不定式的情況使役動(dòng)詞如： let, have, make等和感官動(dòng)詞如： see, watch, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作賓補(bǔ)，省略to。在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中則to不能省掉。（6）接動(dòng)名詞與不定式意義不同1) stop to do停止，中斷做某事后去做另一件事。 stop doing停止做某事。2) forget to do忘記要去做某事。 (未做) forget doing忘記做過(guò)某事。

60、 (已做)3) remember to do 記得去做某事。 (未做) remember doing記得做過(guò)某事。 (已做)4) try to do努力，企圖做某事。 try doing 試驗(yàn)，試著做某事。5) go on to do做了一件事后，接著做另一件事。go on doing 繼續(xù)做原來(lái)做的事。 6) mean to do 打算、想mean doing意味著4. 容易混淆的常用動(dòng)詞的辨析(1) say, speak, talk, tell的用法。1) say表示講話(huà)，作為及物動(dòng)詞使用，后跟賓語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)從句。He said he would go there.It's time

61、to leave. We have to say goodbye to you.2)speak表示“講話(huà)”，一般作為不及物動(dòng)詞使用，而有時(shí)作為及物動(dòng)詞后面跟上各種語(yǔ)言作為賓語(yǔ)。Do you speak English?May I speak to Mr Pope, please?3) talk表示“談話(huà)”，是不及物動(dòng)詞，與to , about, with等連用，才可賓語(yǔ)。What are you talking about?Mr Jackson is talking with my father in the office now.4) tell 表示“告訴，講述”是及物動(dòng)詞，可以帶雙賓語(yǔ)或復(fù)

62、合賓語(yǔ)。She told us an interesting story yesterday.My teacher told me that we would have an English exam the next month.(2) look, see, watch和watch的用法。1) look強(qiáng)調(diào)“看”這個(gè)動(dòng)作，是不及物動(dòng)詞，常與at連用，然后接賓語(yǔ)。Look! The girl is swimming in the lake.Look at the picture carefully. Can you find something unusual?2) see 指“看見(jiàn)”某物，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是結(jié)果。They can't see the words on t