定語從句 之 先行詞 (含答案解析)

1、精選定語從句之先行詞綜合練習(xí)題號(hào)IIIIII總分得分一、句子翻譯（本大題共4小題，共8.0分）1. 分析再翻譯：看下面的句子，分別找出各句的先行詞和關(guān)系代詞，并指出引導(dǎo)詞在句子中作什么成分，然后將句子譯成漢語     (1)This is the stranger who helped us yesterday.    先行詞：_；關(guān)系代詞：_；關(guān)系代詞在從句中作_。    譯文：_    (2)The boy whom the teacher often praises i

2、s their monitor.    先行詞：_；關(guān)系代詞：_；關(guān)系代詞在從句中作_。    譯文：_    (3)Fruit trees which once grew only in China can be found in many parts of the world.    先行詞：_；關(guān)系代詞：_；關(guān)系代詞在從句中作_。    譯文：_    (4)The gold medal which she w

3、on has been given to her old school.    先行詞：_；關(guān)系代詞：_；關(guān)系代詞在從句中作_。    譯文：_    (5)The woman that I read about in the newspaper has just won a gold medal.    先行詞：_；關(guān)系代詞：_；關(guān)系代詞在從句中作_。    譯文：_    (6)The report that w

4、as handed in by Mr Turner was about the motor race.    先行詞：_；關(guān)系代詞：_；關(guān)系代詞在從句中作_。    譯文：_    (7)I know the person whose company produces computers.    先行詞：_；關(guān)系代詞：_；關(guān)系代詞在從句中作_。    譯文：_    (8)I once lived in the ho

5、use whose windows were much larger than usual.    先行詞：_；關(guān)系代詞：_；關(guān)系代詞在從句中作_。    譯文：_2. 約翰要給撿到他錢包的出租司機(jī)一百元作為酬勞。(reward; wallet; who） _3. 按給出的中文意思，用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給的英語或句式提示，翻譯句子。 我高度評價(jià)那些為幻想而努力的同學(xué)。(those;定語從句) _4. 依據(jù)括號(hào)內(nèi)的提示或要求，將下列句子翻譯成英語。 假設(shè)你的伴侶找了一個(gè)你不寵愛的男伴侶或女伴侶，你會(huì)對你伴侶說出你真實(shí)的感受嗎？ (Suppose)

6、 _二、語法填空（本大題共3小題，共45.0分）5. 閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個(gè)單詞）或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式（不多于3個(gè)單詞）。（請將答案寫在答題卡上）Diet and way of life are often a problem for teenagers. However, if you eat the right food and exercise (1)   (regular), you can feel better, look better and have more energy. So healthy eating al

7、ong   (2)    regular exercise is probably the only way to become fit.As a teenager, it is important to give your body the energy  (3)   needs. For a healthy diet, you should eat mostly rice, bread, vegetables and fruit. You also need to drink a lot of water. &

8、#160;(4)    (drink) enough water will improve your skin and give you healthy hair.Exercise is something  (5)   can help to make you look good, feel good and be healthy. Teenagers should spend at least 30 minutes exercising, five times a week. Walking and riding your bik

9、e count, and  (6)   do school sports. When you exercise, your body produces  (7)   (chemical) that make you feel peaceful and   (8)    (relax) and increase your ability to concentrate when you study. A good amount of sleep every night&

10、#160;  (9)    (be) also important for your health. Teenagers need eight to ten hours of sleep each night.If you follow the suggestions above, you will look and feel much    (10)    (good) in no time at all!（1）         &#

11、160;     （2）               （3）               （4）               （5）               （6）            

12、;   （7）               （8）               （9）               （10）               6. I'm not sure  (1)  is more

13、 frightened， me or the female gorilla（大猩猩）that suddenly appears out of nowhere I' m walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic Unexpectedly， I'm facetoface with the gorilla， who begins screaming at  (2)  top of her lungs That makes her baby scream， an

14、d then a 400pound male appearsHe screams the   (3)  （loud ）of all The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me I quickly lower myself， ducking my head to avoid   (4)  （look）directly into his eyes so he doesnt feel   (5

15、)  （challenge）     My name is Mireya Mayor I'm a   (6)  （science）who studies animals such as apes and monkeys I was searching  (7)  these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing No one had seen them for hours， and my

16、colleagues and I were worried    When the gorillas and I frightened each other， I was just glad to find   (8)  （they）aliveTrue to gorillas unaggressive nature， the huge animal  (9)  （mean）no real harmHe was just saying： " I'm king of th

17、is forest， and here is your reminder! "Once his message was delivered， he allowed me   (10)  （stay）and watch_7. 閱讀下面的短文，依據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語法性和上下文連貫的要求，在空格處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或使用括號(hào)中詞語的正確形式填空。 Nearly 800 new pupils ofLianhua Elementary School in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, is reported    

18、(1)    (receive) a unique gift: an admission letter    (2)      their names are written by teachers using Chinese writing brush.    (3)     (similar), Nanjing Normal University has been sending their freshmen calligraphy（書法） admission

19、for eleven years. Several former professors in    (4)   70s take about a week writing more than 4,500 admission letters every year.It is believed in China that “handwriting is the man,”    (5)    (mean) good handwriting can not only cultivate ones temperament

20、(氣質(zhì)), but can also reflect ones literacy and character. At present,   (6)   (tradition) calligraphy has again become a compulsory lesson in many Chinese primary and middle schools, which aims    (7)   (improve) students cultural competence（力量）. At the same time, pa

21、rents are attaching great importance      (8)    childrens calligraphy practice. It is fair to say that calligraphy is not left out in todays fast-paced society;    (9)  , its incomparable value is standing out.The charm of Chinese culture embodied in cal

22、ligraphy can always strike a chord with（引起共鳴） writers and      (10)   (view). Do you have any interest in learning it?三、單選題（本大題共26小題，共26.0分）8. With his attention _on the computer games, he failed in the exam, _made his parents disappointed.A. concentrating, whichB. concentrating,

23、 thatC. concentrated, whichD. concentrated, as9. _ is known to us, the dragon stands for China _the bear symbolizes Russia.A. It; butB. As; whileC. What; whileD. It; when10. She said that the building would be finished by October, _ I doubt very much.A. whoB. whenC. thatD. which11. I disagree with t

24、he facts _ your argument is basedA. thatB. whichC. whoseD. on which12. The story happened on a day _the weather was wet and cold.A. whenB. whichC. thatD. who13. You should have known waiting for you in the rain _ more than one student, along with the only one of the teachers who _ to take part in th

25、e concert.A. are, isB. was, wasC. were, wasD. was, were14. Is this chicken farm _we visited three years ago?A. in whichB. whereC. the oneD. /15. _ is known to us all that the old scientist, for _ life was hard in the past, still works hard in his eighties.A. As; whoseB. It; whoseC. As; whomD. It; wh

26、om16. The Chinese general said in an interview that the PLA would do all _ they can to protect every inch of our territory (領(lǐng)土).A. whichB. thatC. whoD. as17. Generally, people with plans can catch chances more easily than _ who dont get prepared in advance.A. onesB. theseC. someD. those18. A footbal

27、l fan（球迷）is _ has a strong interest in football.A. a thing thatB. something thatC. a person whoD. what19. The farm _ we see today is no longer the one _ it was ten years ago.A. which; whichB. where; thatC. where; whatD. that; that20. Self-driving is an area _ China and the rest of the world are on t

28、he same starting line.A. thatB. whereC. whichD. when21. There is a tall tree outside, _ stands our teacher.A. whichB. thatC. whereD. in which22. What can guarantee the stability of the Chinese economy are the two factors: the increase of investment abroad and the response of the consumer market, _ h

29、ave worked well so far.A. either of whichB. all of whomC. both of whichD. each of whom23. Never before _ such a thrilling game _ you can experience life-and-death events one after another.A. have I played; thatB. had I played; thatC. had I played; whereD. have I played; where24. She doesnt like _ he

30、 says to his parents.A. the wayB. in the way thatC. in the wayD. the way which25. It is reported that a number of buildings, _ are being built in my hometown, will be finished next year.A. that of someB. which someC. some of themD. some of which26. He advised farmers to choose the best seed-heads, _

31、 that had the best colour.A. thatB. onesC. thoseD. one27. President Xis visit to the UK creates a win-win situation, _ both China and the UK will benefit a lot in economic and social development.A. one whereB. oneC. whichD. the one in which28. Mr. White is a kind and selfless professor, _ cares more

32、 for others than for himself.A. the oneB. the one whoC. one whoD. one29. The Literature Salon creates a platform _many literature lovers think can provide a chance for them to share their thoughts.A. whereB. whichC. whatD. who30. A number of audience were present in the registration center in the mo

33、rning, the number of _ was 300; _, the host had forgotten to arrange temporary accommodations.A. who; thereforeB. whom; neverthelessC. what; besidesD. which; rather31. We will call on the man_ we think can speak very good English.A. whoB. whomC. whatD. which32. Newly released data point to an increa

34、se in technology use among children _some worry is changing the very nature of childhood.A. whyB. whichC. whoD. where33. The law must be strictly observed and _ breaks it shall be punished.A. thoseB. anyone whoC. anyoneD. those who答案和解析1.【答案】(1)the stranger；who；主語；這是昨天掛念我們的生疏人。   (2)t

35、he boy；whom；（praise的）賓語；老師經(jīng)常表揚(yáng)的那個(gè)男孩是他們的班長。   (3)fruit trees；which；主語；曾經(jīng)只在中國種植的果樹在世界很多地方都可以見到。   (4)the gold medal；which；（won的）賓語；她曾經(jīng)獲得的金牌已經(jīng)被送給她的母校了。   (5)the woman；that；（about的）賓語；我在報(bào)紙上讀到的那個(gè)女人剛剛奪得一枚金牌。   (6)the report；that；主語；由特納先生遞交的報(bào)告是關(guān)于摩

36、托車競賽的。   (7)the person；whose；（company的）定語；我生疏那個(gè)人，他的公司生產(chǎn)計(jì)算機(jī)。   (8)the house；whose；（window的）定語；我曾經(jīng)住在那個(gè)窗子比一般窗戶大很多的房子里?！窘馕觥?1)分子句子結(jié)構(gòu)，可知先行詞是the stranger，關(guān)系代詞是who，在從句中作主語。故填：the stranger；who；主語；這是昨天掛念我們的生疏人。    (2)分子句子結(jié)構(gòu)，可知先行詞是the boy，關(guān)系代詞是whom，在從句中作賓語。故填：

37、the boy；whom；（praise的）賓語；老師經(jīng)常表揚(yáng)的那個(gè)男孩是他們的班長。   (3)分子句子結(jié)構(gòu)，可知先行詞是fruit trees，關(guān)系代詞是which，在從句中作主語。故填：fruit trees；which；主語；曾經(jīng)只在中國種植的果樹在世界很多地方都可以見到。    (4)分子句子結(jié)構(gòu)，可知先行詞是the gold medal，關(guān)系代詞是which，在從句中作賓語。故填：the gold medal；which；（won的）賓語；她曾經(jīng)獲得的金牌已經(jīng)被送給她的母校了。   

38、 (5)分子句子結(jié)構(gòu)，可知先行詞是the woman，關(guān)系代詞是that，在從句中作賓語。故填：the woman；that；（about的）賓語；我在報(bào)紙上讀到的那個(gè)女人剛剛奪得一枚金牌。   (6)分子句子結(jié)構(gòu)，可知先行詞是the report，關(guān)系代詞是that，在從句中作主語。故填：the report；that；主語；由特納先生遞交的報(bào)告是關(guān)于摩托車競賽的。    (7)分子句子結(jié)構(gòu)，可知先行詞是the person，關(guān)系代詞是whose，在從句中作定語。故填：the person；whose；（comp

39、any的）定語；我生疏那個(gè)人，他的公司生產(chǎn)計(jì)算機(jī)。   (8)分子句子結(jié)構(gòu)，可知先行詞是the house，關(guān)系代詞是whose，在從句中作定語。故填：the house；whose；（window的）定語；我曾經(jīng)住在那個(gè)窗子比一般窗戶大很多的房子里。2.【答案】John wanted to give 100 yuan as a reward to the taxi driver who had found his wallet.【解析】want to do sth.想要做某事，動(dòng)詞短語；give sb. sth.給某人某物，動(dòng)詞短語，在這里用不定式作want的賓

40、語；as a reward作為回報(bào)，介詞短語；who had found his wallet.撿到他錢包的，限制性定語從句，who在定語從句中充當(dāng)主語，表示人，出租司機(jī)the taxi driver 是被修飾的部分，也就是先行詞，故譯為ohn wanted to give 100 yuan as a reward to the taxi driver who had found his wallet。3.【答案】I think highly of those who work hard to achieve their dreams (for their dreams).【解析】分

41、析句意，此句應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。我I，主格，高度評價(jià).think highly of.，those那些，指示代詞，后面接限制性定語從句，先行詞those，所以應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞who，努力work hard，固定短語，實(shí)現(xiàn)他們的幻想achieve their dreams （achieve for their dreams），固定短語。故答案是I think highly of those who work hard to achieve their dreams (for their dreams)。4.【答案】Supposed your best friend has a new boy/girlf

42、riend who you don't like. Would you tell your friend how you feel?【解析】依據(jù)漢語意思可知，假設(shè)suppose；后面加一個(gè)賓語從句，your best friend has a new boy/girlfriend；接了一個(gè)定語從句who 有don't like；你真實(shí)的感受how 有feel，故譯為Supposed your best friend has a new boy/girlfriend who you don't like. Would you tell your friend how yo

43、u feel?5.【答案】1.regularly 2.with 3.it4.Drinking 5.that 6.so 7.chemicals 8.relaxed 9.is 10.better【解析】1.考查單詞成分。句意：假如你能吃正確的食物并且有規(guī)律地運(yùn)動(dòng)。此處修飾動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)用副詞形式。故填regularly。2.考查固定搭配。句意：所以健康的飲食和規(guī)律的熬煉可能是身體健康的唯一途徑?！盿long with：與.，同.一道“為固定搭配。故填with。3.考查指示代詞。句意：給身體供應(yīng)所需的能量是很重要的。此處為一個(gè)定語從句，引導(dǎo)詞that在從句中作賓語可以省略，句子缺乏主語，用it代指前面提到

44、的your body。故填it。4.考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：飲用足量的水可以提高你的膚質(zhì)并且給你健康的頭發(fā)。此處用動(dòng)名詞短語做主語。故填Drinking。5.考查定語從句引導(dǎo)詞的選擇。句意：運(yùn)動(dòng)可以掛念你看起來很好，感覺良好，身體健康。在定語從句中，若先行詞為不定代詞，應(yīng)使用引導(dǎo)詞that。故填that。6.考查固定搭配。句意：步行和騎自行車計(jì)數(shù)，學(xué)校體育也是如此。so+助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/be動(dòng)詞+名詞/代詞，表示.也一樣。此處表示校內(nèi)運(yùn)動(dòng)也和閑逛和騎自行車一樣有助于身體健康。故填so。7.考查名詞形式。句意：你的身體生產(chǎn)出化學(xué)物質(zhì)。依據(jù)句意，可知應(yīng)當(dāng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填chemicals。8.考查

45、動(dòng)詞形式。句意：放松，提高你學(xué)習(xí)的力量。此處描述人的主觀感受，應(yīng)使用-ed形式。故填relaxed。9.考查主謂全都。句意：每天晚上大量的睡眠對你的健康也很重要。主語是sleep，為不行數(shù)名詞，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用第三人稱單數(shù)，文章時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故填is。10.考查形容詞比較級。句意：假如你遵循上面的建議，你將在任何時(shí)候看起來和感覺很好。much修飾比較級。故填better。6.【答案】【小題1】which【小題2】 the【小題3】 loudest【小題4】looking【小題5】challenged【小題6】scientist【小題7】for【小題8】them【小題9】me

46、ant【小題10】 to stay【解析】此處表示我不確定哪一個(gè)更加可怕。考查賓語從句，從句中缺少主語，表示"哪一個(gè)"。故填which。at the top of固定短語，在.的頂端。故填the?？疾樽罡呒?，后面有表示范圍的詞of all，所以用最高級。故填 loudest。avoid doing sth.固定短語，避開做某事。故填looking。feel后面加形容詞，作表語，表示"被挑戰(zhàn)的"，所以用過去分詞。故填challenged。考查名詞，后跟定語從句，關(guān)系詞用who，所以先行詞為人。故填scientist。search for

47、固定短語，查找。故填for。find后面用人稱代詞賓格，作賓語，故填them。依據(jù)前后句可知，描述過去的事情，所以用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)。故填meant。allow sb. to do sth.固定句型，允許某人做某事。故填to stay。7.【答案】1.to have received2.where3.Similarly4.their5.meaning6.traditional7.to improve8.to9.instead10.viewers【解析】略8.【答案】C【解析】句意：全部的留意力都放在了電腦玩耍上，他考試沒能及格；這讓他的父母格外絕望。with+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語, 由句子成分分析可知

48、，這里的concentrate和his attention之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過去分詞concentrated; 他因玩玩耍而考試不及格這件事讓父母格外絕望，可知，前面整個(gè)主句做了后面句子的主語，在非限制性定語從句中，整個(gè)主句做主語放前面，用which; 故選C。9.【答案】B【解析】句意：眾所周知，龍代表中國，而熊象征俄羅斯?？疾閍s引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句，指代后面整句話內(nèi)容，while表對比，故選B。10.【答案】D【解析】句意：她說，這棟建筑將在10月前完工，我對此表示懷疑。which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，代指前面句子的內(nèi)容，從句中缺少賓語，只能用關(guān)系代詞，而that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語

49、從句，who只能指人，when是關(guān)系副詞，故選D。11.【答案】D【解析】句意：我不同意你的論點(diǎn)所基于的論據(jù)。 本句是介詞+which構(gòu)成的定語從句，be based on以為基礎(chǔ)，固定搭配。故選D。12.【答案】A【解析】考察定語從句，句意：故事發(fā)生在天氣潮濕寒冷的一天。定語從句，先行詞為a day，在從句中做時(shí)間狀語，應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞when。故選A。13.【答案】B【解析】本句意為“你本應(yīng)當(dāng)知道不止一個(gè)同學(xué)和老師在雨中等著你?！笔紫?，這個(gè)句子是個(gè)虛擬語氣?！澳惚緫?yīng)當(dāng)知道”其實(shí)你不知道，是對過去的虛擬。其次，從句部分是倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，假如不倒裝就是：More than one studen

50、t, together with all the teachers, was waiting for you in the rain.主語為more than one student；其次空one前面有the only等詞修飾，則one of the teachers的語義重心轉(zhuǎn)移到了one上面，one就成了先行詞，相應(yīng)地，who的謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)。故選B。14.【答案】C【解析】句意為：這是我們?nèi)昵皡⒂^過的雞場嗎？這是一個(gè)定語從句，且從句中缺少visited的賓語，用the one代替，然后省略了that或者which；A和B都是做狀語。故選C。15.【答案】D【解析】從句子結(jié)構(gòu)

51、看第一個(gè)從句應(yīng)當(dāng)是主語從句，分析成分，知從句中缺主語，而既能作主語又能引導(dǎo)主語從句的是what, 所以答案為D項(xiàng)。其次個(gè)從句為whom引導(dǎo)的定語從句，還原后應(yīng)為life was hard in the past for the old scientist, 不能用whose。故選D。16.【答案】B【解析】句意：這位中國將軍在一次采訪中說，解放軍將竭盡所能愛護(hù)我們領(lǐng)土的每一寸。從句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，限制性定語從句的先行詞是不定代詞all，在從句中作賓語，要用關(guān)系代詞that，不用which，故選B。17.【答案】D【解析】句意：一般來說，有方案的人比沒有提前做好預(yù)備的人更簡潔抓住機(jī)會(huì)。those指代前面的people，those who是固定搭配，意思是的那些人，故選D。18.【答案】C【解析】句意：足球迷是一個(gè)對足球有深厚愛好