閱讀理解公開課課件

1、The Skills about Reading ComprehensionQuestions about reading comprehension1. How do you usually do exercises about reading comprehension ?2. What difficulties do you have in doing reading comprehension?3. How can you improve your ability of reading comprehension?閱讀理解閱讀理解 是英語(yǔ)能力培養(yǎng)的重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目，是考試的是英語(yǔ)能力培養(yǎng)的重點(diǎn)

2、項(xiàng)目，是考試的一個(gè)重要題型，分值高、題量大。閱讀理一個(gè)重要題型，分值高、題量大。閱讀理解考查的根本是檢驗(yàn)學(xué)生對(duì)有關(guān)信息的加解考查的根本是檢驗(yàn)學(xué)生對(duì)有關(guān)信息的加工能力。工能力。 閱讀理解能力的重要標(biāo)志是閱讀理解能力的重要標(biāo)志是閱讀速度閱讀速度和和理解的理解的正確率正確率。 因此，閱讀理解的功夫應(yīng)下在平時(shí)。多因此，閱讀理解的功夫應(yīng)下在平時(shí)。多分析題型，多了解考點(diǎn)，真正做到有的放分析題型，多了解考點(diǎn)，真正做到有的放矢，提高命中率。矢，提高命中率。.英語(yǔ)閱讀中的誤區(qū)The Misunderstandings about Reading Comprehension 認(rèn)為讀得越慢，對(duì)文章的信息認(rèn)為讀得越慢

3、，對(duì)文章的信息就了解越多，理解程度也越高。就了解越多，理解程度也越高。心理學(xué)心理學(xué)與與心理語(yǔ)言學(xué)心理語(yǔ)言學(xué)表明：表明：閱讀閱讀速度速度與與理解正確率理解正確率幾乎沒有關(guān)系。幾乎沒有關(guān)系。即使有，正好相反：即使有，正好相反：速度越快，速度越快，理解率越高理解率越高。加快閱讀速度，有。加快閱讀速度，有助于把握文章的主旨大意。助于把握文章的主旨大意。誤區(qū)誤區(qū)1措施措施1.經(jīng)常進(jìn)行限時(shí)閱讀。不僅注意準(zhǔn)確率，更要注重速度，逐漸養(yǎng)成良好的閱讀習(xí)慣。2.強(qiáng)制把手或筆等物體離開讀物。讓大腦活動(dòng)、眼睛轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)和手指翻書。3.逐詞閱讀會(huì)割斷詞與詞的聯(lián)系，要擴(kuò)大視野(眼睛能看到的范圍)，并進(jìn)行意群閱讀。 閱讀時(shí)將單詞讀

4、出聲來，或閱讀時(shí)將單詞讀出聲來，或在心里清晰地發(fā)出單詞的音。在心里清晰地發(fā)出單詞的音。實(shí)驗(yàn)證明，實(shí)驗(yàn)證明，默讀是朗讀的默讀是朗讀的2 2倍倍。過分過分依賴聲音依賴聲音而不是而不是語(yǔ)意語(yǔ)意，將，將影響閱讀的影響閱讀的廣度廣度和和深度深度。誤區(qū)誤區(qū)21.閱讀時(shí)緊閉雙唇。2.有意識(shí)地將閱讀速度加快到 超過講話的最快速度。措施措施 閱讀英語(yǔ)時(shí)，先閱讀英語(yǔ)時(shí)，先將英文譯成母將英文譯成母語(yǔ)語(yǔ)然后然后通過母語(yǔ)去理解通過母語(yǔ)去理解所讀的內(nèi)所讀的內(nèi)容。閱讀經(jīng)過多重的翻譯環(huán)節(jié)，容。閱讀經(jīng)過多重的翻譯環(huán)節(jié)，必然會(huì)影響閱讀速度。必然會(huì)影響閱讀速度。誤區(qū)誤區(qū)3.1、閱讀英文時(shí)盡量用英語(yǔ)思考所閱讀 內(nèi)容。2、經(jīng)過大量的限

5、時(shí)快速閱讀訓(xùn)練，腦 子會(huì)自然而然地養(yǎng)成用英語(yǔ)思考問 題的習(xí)慣。措施措施 對(duì)已讀過的內(nèi)容感到不放心或因?qū)σ炎x過的內(nèi)容感到不放心或因沒看懂，沒看懂，再次倒回去讀再次倒回去讀。倒讀次數(shù)。倒讀次數(shù)太多會(huì)影響閱讀速度。對(duì)一篇文章太多會(huì)影響閱讀速度。對(duì)一篇文章的理解一般情況是相對(duì)的，的理解一般情況是相對(duì)的，并不要并不要求記住每個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)求記住每個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)。誤區(qū)誤區(qū)41 1、閱讀時(shí)建立、閱讀時(shí)建立只讀一遍就能懂只讀一遍就能懂的自信心。的自信心。2 2、閱讀的首要任務(wù)是、閱讀的首要任務(wù)是理解文章大意理解文章大意。3 3、在閱讀過程中目光要、在閱讀過程中目光要始終從左到右移動(dòng)始終從左到右移動(dòng)。 （除根據(jù)題目的要求，確有

6、必要重讀某（除根據(jù)題目的要求，確有必要重讀某 些內(nèi)容除外。）些內(nèi)容除外。）措施措施 在平時(shí)的閱讀訓(xùn)練中在平時(shí)的閱讀訓(xùn)練中不適當(dāng)?shù)夭贿m當(dāng)?shù)?、非常頻繁地使用英漢詞典非常頻繁地使用英漢詞典, 使一使一篇文章變得支離破碎篇文章變得支離破碎, 不利于整不利于整體把握文章的主旨大意體把握文章的主旨大意, 從而導(dǎo)從而導(dǎo)致閱讀效率低下。致閱讀效率低下。誤區(qū)誤區(qū)51.在進(jìn)行閱讀訓(xùn)練時(shí)，選擇在詞匯和語(yǔ)法 深度上與自己的水平相當(dāng)?shù)牟牧稀?（生詞/10）2.2.采用分析上下文或根據(jù)詞根、前、后綴 等方法猜詞。3.3.完成閱讀訓(xùn)練任務(wù)后,再去重讀該文章， 查出生詞的準(zhǔn)確含義，并記憶。措施措施主 旨 大 意 題主 旨 大

7、 意 題事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題 詞詞 義義 猜猜 測(cè)測(cè) 題題命題類命題類型型II.II.閱讀理解閱讀理解四種主要四種主要題型題型: :推推 理理 判判 斷斷 題題一、主旨大意題一、主旨大意題 （做題要領(lǐng)）1. 干擾項(xiàng)干擾項(xiàng) 可能是文中某個(gè)具體事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)。可能是文中某個(gè)具體事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)。2. 干擾項(xiàng)干擾項(xiàng) 可能是從文中某些可能是從文中某些 (不完全的不完全的) 事事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)片面推出的錯(cuò)誤結(jié)論。實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)片面推出的錯(cuò)誤結(jié)論。3. 干擾項(xiàng)干擾項(xiàng) 可能是非文章事實(shí)的主觀臆斷?？赡苁欠俏恼率聦?shí)的主觀臆斷。4.(正確答案正確答案) 是根據(jù)文章意思全是根據(jù)文章意思全面理解而歸納概括出來的；但不能太籠面理解而歸納概

8、括出來的；但不能太籠統(tǒng)、言過其實(shí)或以偏概全。統(tǒng)、言過其實(shí)或以偏概全。1)What does the writer mainly tell us? 2)Which of the following can summarize the main idea of this text?3)Which of the following best expresses the main idea?4)Which is the subject discussed in the text?5)Whats the best title for this passage?主旨大意題主旨大意題的常見的提問形式的常見的

9、提問形式:閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練之一之一-主旨大意題主旨大意題Passage 1 In spite of the fact that cars from Germany and Japan are flooding the American market, Ford, General Motors and Chrysler are employing more workers than ever before. The flood of cheaper for-eign cars has not cast American autoworkers their jobs as some

10、 experts predicted. Ford operates as far as Asia, and General Motors is considered Australians biggest employer. Yet General Motors has its huge American workforce and employs hundreds of people every day to meet the needs of an insatiable(不能滿足的不能滿足的）society.練習(xí)題練習(xí)題細(xì)節(jié)題細(xì)節(jié)題解釋Question: Which of the foll

11、owing statements best expresses the main idea of the paragraph?A. GM is one of the largest car producers.B. Ford operates not only in the U.S.A., but also in Asia.C. The foreign cars have not taken away the jobs of American autoworkers.D. The flood of the cheaper foreign cars is terrible for America

12、n autoworkers.文章文章解釋【解析】答案為C。take sth. away of sb.和和 cast sb. sth. 的意思相似。的意思相似。 本段落以一、二句引出要表達(dá)的主題，在主題句出現(xiàn)后，再舉例子陳述細(xì)節(jié)或繼續(xù)論證。 尋找主題句往往是做好此類題的關(guān)鍵。每段的主題句(常可在首句、尾句、首句和尾句、段落中和以及歸納分析而得出)一般都用來表示一個(gè)段落的主旨大意。文章文章中心是文章中心是論點(diǎn)論點(diǎn)，事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)是，事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)是論據(jù)論據(jù)或或主要理由主要理由；有關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)的問題常對(duì)文中；有關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)的問題常對(duì)文中某個(gè)詞語(yǔ)、某個(gè)句子、某個(gè)段落等細(xì)某個(gè)詞語(yǔ)、某個(gè)句子、某個(gè)段落等細(xì)節(jié)及事實(shí)進(jìn)行提問，所提問

13、題一般可節(jié)及事實(shí)進(jìn)行提問，所提問題一般可直接直接或或間接間接在文章中找到答案。在文章中找到答案。用于用于提問的特殊疑問詞常有：提問的特殊疑問詞常有：what, who, which, where, how, why等等。事事實(shí)實(shí)細(xì)細(xì)節(jié)節(jié)題題解題原則解題原則:忠實(shí)于原文的上下文及忠實(shí)于原文的上下文及 全篇的邏輯關(guān)系，決不能主觀臆斷。全篇的邏輯關(guān)系，決不能主觀臆斷。1）Which of the following statement is true?2）Which of the following is not mentioned in the text?3）The author ( or the

14、 passage) states that_.4）According to the passage, when ( where, why, how, who, what, which, etc.)_?5) Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?6) The reason whyis that 在閱讀理解中，要求查找主要事實(shí)和特定在閱讀理解中，要求查找主要事實(shí)和特定細(xì)節(jié)問題常有以下幾種命題方式：細(xì)節(jié)問題常有以下幾種命題方式：閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練之二之二-事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題 Passage2 Passa

15、ge2 The human body is a living machine, and like The human body is a living machine, and like all machines, it needs fuel to supply it with all machines, it needs fuel to supply it with energy. That is the food we eat. But how much energy. That is the food we eat. But how much do we need to stay hea

16、lthy? The energy value of do we need to stay healthy? The energy value of food is usually measured in calories. A calorie food is usually measured in calories. A calorie ( (卡卡/ /卡路里卡路里)is the amount of heat required to )is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1kg of water by 1. ra

17、ise the temperature of 1kg of water by 1. The number of calories people need per day is The number of calories people need per day is different, as the chart showsdifferent, as the chart shows CALORIES NEEDED PER DAYBaby 750Office worker 2,700Child aged 8 2,100 Woman feeding baby 2,700Man over 70 2,

18、100Boy aged 16 3,000Woman 3,600Farmer 2,600練習(xí)題解釋第三節(jié) Q1) calories are required to raise the temperature of 5kg of water from 35to 90. A. 55 B. 175 C. 325 D. 275 Q2) Which statement is TRUE according to the chart above?解釋文章A. A child aged 8 requires more than 3 times the quantity of calories that a ba

19、by does. B. A boy aged 16 requires nearly twice the quantity of calories that a boy aged 8 does. C. An office worker requires the same quantity of calories per day as a woman feeding a baby does. D. A farmer requires nearly 1.5 times the quantity of calories that an office worker does.【解析】Q1)答案為 D D

20、 。 根據(jù)文章細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容，計(jì)算公式為： (90-35)51=275【解析】Q2)答案為 C C 。 據(jù)文根章圖表，依次驗(yàn)證A、B、C、 D 四個(gè)答案的內(nèi)容是否正確,那么 就很易找出 C 符合圖表內(nèi)容。文章文章同義法同義法 常在詞或短語(yǔ)之間有并列連詞常在詞或短語(yǔ)之間有并列連詞and或或or，它們連接的兩項(xiàng)內(nèi)容在含義上它們連接的兩項(xiàng)內(nèi)容在含義上是是接近接近的或的或遞進(jìn)遞進(jìn)的，由此可以推測(cè)詞義。的，由此可以推測(cè)詞義。反義法反義法 如如 hot and cold, give and receive等，或前句為肯定，后句為否定。等，或前句為肯定，后句為否定。總之，總之，詞與詞詞與詞間都起著間都起著互為線索

21、互為線索的作用。的作用。釋義法釋義法 對(duì)文章中的生詞用定語(yǔ)（從對(duì)文章中的生詞用定語(yǔ)（從句）、表語(yǔ)甚至于用逗號(hào)、破折號(hào)等標(biāo)句）、表語(yǔ)甚至于用逗號(hào)、破折號(hào)等標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)引出并加以點(diǎn)符號(hào)引出并加以解釋說明解釋說明。詞詞義義猜猜測(cè)測(cè)題題情景推斷法、代詞替代法情景推斷法、代詞替代法等等1 1）在文章中）在文章中找到有關(guān)線索詞或找到有關(guān)線索詞或 信息詞信息詞;2) 2) 根據(jù)熟悉的詞及詞義根據(jù)熟悉的詞及詞義猜測(cè)猜測(cè)新新 詞之意；詞之意； 3 3）根據(jù)上下文根據(jù)上下文判斷新詞在判斷新詞在特定特定 句子中的具體含義。句子中的具體含義。 做題要領(lǐng)做題要領(lǐng)閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練之三之三-詞義猜測(cè)題詞義猜測(cè)題

22、Q: Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “illiterate”？ A. repeat B. hard-working C. uneducated D. sick Passage3: Most women in Ghana the educated and illiterate, the urban and rural, the young and old work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as hous

23、ewives and mothers. Their reputation for economic independence, self-reliance(自立的自立的), and hard work is well known and well deserved(應(yīng)得的應(yīng)得的,值得的值得的). 解 釋第四節(jié)解 釋 這段文字中講到這段文字中講到加納加納這個(gè)國(guó)家中這個(gè)國(guó)家中的大的大多數(shù)多數(shù)婦女婦女, ,受過教育的受過教育的( (educatededucated) )和沒有和沒有受過教育的受過教育的 ( (illiterateilliterate) )；住在城市的住在城市的( (urbanurba

24、n) )和住在農(nóng)村的和住在農(nóng)村的( (ruralrural) )，年輕的年輕的（youngyoung）和年長(zhǎng)的和年長(zhǎng)的( (oldold) )正好是一對(duì)對(duì)正好是一對(duì)對(duì)反義詞。因此選反義詞。因此選 C C 項(xiàng)。項(xiàng)。本題答案選本題答案選C C 推理判斷題推理判斷題：高考重頭戲，20個(gè)題中常有6-8個(gè)，著重考查學(xué)生歸納概括、邏輯推理等綜合理解能力。以原文內(nèi)容以原文內(nèi)容為前提為前提，要依據(jù)作者的作者的觀點(diǎn)（非考生觀點(diǎn)非考生觀點(diǎn)）客觀地對(duì)文中未明顯說明的現(xiàn)象或事實(shí)給予合理的邏輯推斷，或者做出合理的解釋。推推理理判判斷斷型型透過現(xiàn)象看本質(zhì)透過現(xiàn)象看本質(zhì)，領(lǐng)悟作者的思想傾向、觀點(diǎn)、立場(chǎng)、語(yǔ)氣及態(tài)度等。推理判

25、斷題推理判斷題（做題要領(lǐng)） 要求學(xué)生即要透過文章表面文字信息推測(cè)文章隱含意思，又要對(duì)文章作者的態(tài)度、意圖及文章細(xì)節(jié)的發(fā)展作出正確的推理判斷，力求從作者的角度去思考，而不要固守自己的看法或觀點(diǎn)。推理判斷型推理判斷型常見的命題方式有：常見的命題方式有：1. The passage implies (暗示暗示) that_.2. We can conclude (得出結(jié)論得出結(jié)論) from the passage that_.3. Which of the following can be inferred (推論推論)?4. What is the tone (語(yǔ)氣語(yǔ)氣) of the auth

26、or ?5. What is the purpose (目的目的) of this passage?6. The passage is intended(想要想要) to _.7. Where would this passage most probably appear(出現(xiàn)出現(xiàn))? 閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練之四之四-推理判斷題推理判斷題 Passage4 The concept (n. 觀念觀念 ) of personal choice in relation to health behaviors is an important one. About 90 percent of

27、all illnesses might be preventable if individual (n. 個(gè)人個(gè)人 ) made sound ( adj. 健康的健康的 ) personal health choices based upon present (adj.現(xiàn)在的現(xiàn)在的) medical knowledge. We all enjoy our freedom of choice and do not like to see it limited when it is within the legal (adj. 法律的法律的 ) and moral boundaries ( n.界

28、限界限 ) of society. The structure of American society allows us to make almost all our own personal decisions that may affect our health. If we do desire, we can smoke , drink much, refuse to wear seat belts, eat whatever food we want, and live a completely sedentary (adj. 久坐的，勞心的久坐的，勞心的 ) lifestyle w

29、ithout any exercise. 練習(xí)題解釋解釋P5Q: The concept of personal choice about health is important because_. A. personal health choices help cure most illnesses. B. it helps raise the level of our medical knowledge. C. it is basic to personal freedom in American society. D. wrong decisions could lead to poor

30、 health.文章文章解析：解析：據(jù)前兩句可以得知，據(jù)前兩句可以得知，不良的選擇會(huì)導(dǎo)致健康狀不良的選擇會(huì)導(dǎo)致健康狀況變壞，因此答案選況變壞，因此答案選 D D 。切記切記: :選出的答案選出的答案一定能在一定能在原文中找到依據(jù)或理由原文中找到依據(jù)或理由，不能只憑常識(shí)或自己主觀不能只憑常識(shí)或自己主觀上的上的胡亂推測(cè)胡亂推測(cè)。文章文章Reading Practice Let Them Watch It One hot night last July, when our new baby wouldnt or couldnt sleep, I tried everything I could th

31、ink of: a warm bottle, songs , gentle rocking. Nothing would settle him. Guessing that I had a long night ahead of me, I brought a portable (手提的) TV into his room, figuring that watching the late movie was as good a way as any to kill off the hours until dawn. To my surprise, as soon as the TV lit u

32、p, the baby quieted right down, his little eyes focused (集中) brightly on the tube. Not to waste an opportunity for sleep, I then tip-toed (踮起腳尖)out of the room , leaving him to watch the actors celebrate John BeRushis forty-fifty birthday. My wife and I heard more of the baby that night, and the nex

33、t morn-ing when I went into his room , I found him still watching TV himself. I found in my babys behavior a metaphor (暗喻) for the new generation, My wife and I had given him some books to examine, but he merely spit upon (不屑一顧) them. When we read to him , he did not feel comfortable. And so it is i

34、n the schools, We find that our students dont read and they look down upon reading and scold those of us who reach it. All they want to do is watching TV. After this experience with the baby, however, I have reached a conclusion:Let them watch it! If television is that much more attractive tochildre

35、n than books, why should we fight it? Let them watch it all they want!1. Why did the author bring a TV set into his sons room? ( )A. To make his son stop crying. B. To spend the night by watching TV programs.C. To leave it to his son. D. To make his son go to sleep as soon as possible. 2. The babys reaction to the TV was _. ( )A. unexpected B. exciting C. awful D.