英語構(gòu)詞法課件適用于初高中銜接教學(xué)內(nèi)容

1、英語構(gòu)詞法課件適用于初高中銜接. . 合成合成 : : 有兩個或更多的詞合成一個詞。有兩個或更多的詞合成一個詞。復(fù)合名詞復(fù)合名詞class + room = classroom (名詞名詞+名詞名詞)black+ board= blackboard (形容詞形容詞+名詞名詞)復(fù)合形容詞復(fù)合形容詞warm + heart + ed = warmhearted 熱心腸的熱心腸的good + looking = good-looking 相貌好看的相貌好看的world +wide= worldwide世界性的世界性的hard+ working=hard-working 努力工作的努力工作的 復(fù)合動詞

2、復(fù)合動詞 over + come = overcome克服克服 (副詞副詞+動詞動詞)復(fù)合數(shù)詞復(fù)合數(shù)詞 fifty+ four= fifty-four復(fù)合代詞復(fù)合代詞 everyone, somebody, anything, nobody ( 不定代詞不定代詞+名詞名詞)復(fù)合副詞復(fù)合副詞down+ stairs = downstairs在樓下在樓下( 形容詞形容詞+名詞名詞) whole+ heartedly =wholeheartedly 全神貫注地全神貫注地(副詞副詞+副詞副詞)2. 2. 派生派生 : : 是通過在詞根上加是通過在詞根上加前綴前綴或者或者構(gòu)成一個新詞。構(gòu)成一個新詞。ha

3、ppy - unhappydevelop - development前綴前綴: :一般只引起一般只引起意思意思上的變化而不造成上的變化而不造成詞類詞類的變的變化，只有少數(shù)能引起詞類的變化。化，只有少數(shù)能引起詞類的變化。mis- 錯誤的錯誤的 + understand v. 理解理解 - misunderstand v. 誤解誤解en + large adj. 大的大的 - enlarge v. 擴擴大大后綴后綴: :一般只引起一般只引起詞性詞性上的變化而不造成上的變化而不造成意思意思的變的變化。化。care v. 照料照料 - careful adj. 細心的細心的work v. 工作工作 -

4、 worker n. 工人工人常見的常見的前綴前綴(A)表示表示否定否定的前綴：的前綴： un-unfair,unhappy non-nonsmoker (常用在常用在n. adj. adv. 前前) in-inactive (常用在常用在adj.后后) dis-disagree, disappear,dislike im-impolite, impossible (用在用在b,p,m 開頭的詞前開頭的詞前)(B).表示表示錯誤錯誤或或失誤失誤的前綴的前綴: mis-misunderstand, misdirect(誤導(dǎo)誤導(dǎo))(C)表示表示兩個兩個,雙邊雙邊的前綴：的前綴： bi- bicol

5、or ( 雙色的雙色的), bicycle 表示表示相互相互,交互交互,在一起在一起的前綴的前綴interinterview, international, internet(E)表示表示又又,再再,重新重新的前綴的前綴 rereview, return, rewrite(F)表示表示遠遠的前綴的前綴tele telephone, television常見的常見的后綴后綴1.動詞變名詞：-tion educate-education, invite-invitation, predict-prediction-ment development, movement, disappointment

6、-er teacher, worker, runner, singer-or visitor, sailor, tutor, actor名詞后綴名詞后綴補充補充:-ist ( 人人,名詞后綴名詞后綴)science-scientist, terror-terrorist-ese( 民族民族,語言語言,名詞后綴名詞后綴) Chinese, Japanese2.形容詞變名詞形容詞變名詞-ness goodgoodness, happy-happiness,busy-business , carecareless-carelessness-ity able-ability, possible-pos

7、sibility 3.名詞變形容詞：名詞變形容詞：-y: windy, rainy, healthy, cloudy, funny, sunny-ish: foolish, childish, girlish-some: handsome, troublesome-ous: dangerous, humorous-ful: helpful, careful, peaceful, colorful-less: homeless, helpless, careless, useless-ed surprised, bored, excited, relaxed, interested-ing su

8、rprising, boring, exciting, relaxing, interesting, outstanding4.名詞變形容詞名詞變形容詞-al: traditional, international, nature-natural5. 名詞、形容詞變動詞：名詞、形容詞變動詞：-ify: beauty-beautify, simple-simplify-ize: realize-en: quicken, sharpen , widen3. 3. 轉(zhuǎn)化轉(zhuǎn)化 : : 是指有一種詞類轉(zhuǎn)化為另一種詞類。單詞轉(zhuǎn)化后的意義往往與是指有一種詞類轉(zhuǎn)化為另一種詞類。單詞轉(zhuǎn)化后的意義往往與之前的意義

9、聯(lián)系密切之前的意義聯(lián)系密切. . water water n. n. 水水 - water - water vt.vt. 澆水澆水常見的轉(zhuǎn)化形式：常見的轉(zhuǎn)化形式：動詞動詞 - - 名詞名詞名詞名詞 - - 動詞動詞形容詞形容詞-動詞動詞動詞動詞-名詞名詞stop v. 停止停止 - n.車站車站watch v. 觀看觀看 - -n. 手表手表look v. 看看-have a look n. 看看 walk v. 散步散步,走走-take a walk n.散步散步love v. 愛愛-your love n. 愛愛 名詞名詞 -動詞動詞 hand n. 手手 - vt. 上交上交seat n

10、. 座位座位 - vt. 坐坐nurse n. 護士護士 - vt. 護理護理oil n. 油油 - vt. 上油上油time n. 時間時間 - vt. 定時，測時定時，測時show n. 展示展示,秀秀-vt. 表演表演,秀秀- 形容詞形容詞-動詞動詞 open (adj. 開著的開著的)open( v.開開) clean(adj. 清潔的清潔的)-clean(v.打掃打掃) slow( adj. 慢的慢的)-slow ( v. 放慢放慢) . . 縮寫和簡寫縮寫和簡寫 : : 縮寫和簡寫縮寫和簡寫( (也被稱為截斷法或縮短法也被稱為截斷法或縮短法) )主要采取主要采取: : “ “截頭截

11、頭”, ,“去尾去尾”或者或者 “既截頭又去尾既截頭又去尾”的方法生成新詞的方法生成新詞. .telephone-phone airplaneplanelaboratory-lab mathematics-math advertisementadexamination-exam Identification-ID 另外還有許多縮寫詞是由各個單詞的首字母組成另外還有許多縮寫詞是由各個單詞的首字母組成.CD ( compact disk)CCTV( China Central Television)NBA (National Basketball Association)UFO( unidenti

12、fied flying object)UN( United Nations) USA( United States of America) 練習(xí)練習(xí)1.That man was_enough not to tell the manager that he would not do the job。A.careB.carefulC.carelessD.carelessness2.The soldier died for saving the child，so his_ is heavier than Mount Tai。A.die B.dead C.died D.death3.The child

13、 looked_at his brother who was badly wounded。A.sadly B.sadness C.sadly D.sad4.He is an expert at chemistry.We all call him a _。A.chemistry B.chemicalC.chemist D.physician5.The three- _chair isnt suitable for a young child.He may fall off。A.legging B.legged C.legs D.legedBACB 練習(xí)練習(xí)1.That man was_enoug

14、h not to tell the manager that he would not do the job。A.careB.carefulC.carelessD.carelessness2.The soldier died for saving the child，so his_ is heavier than Mount Tai。A.die B.dead C.died D.death3.The child looked_at his brother who was badly wounded。A.sadly B.sadness C.sad4.He is an expert at chemi

15、stry.We all call him a _。A.chemistry B.chemicalC.chemist D.physician5.The three- _chair isnt suitable for a young child.He may fall off。A.legging B.legged C.legs D.legedDACB 6.Stephenson became the_railway engineer in the world。A.lead B.leader C.leading D.leadership7.When the teacher praised him for

16、 working out the maths problem，Jack looked_about at his classmates。A.proud B.proudly C.pride D.pridely8.To everyones _，the girl finished the job quite well。A.satisfied B.satisfactoryC.satisfying D.satisfaction 9.-What are you doing here -Oh，my teacher asked me to write a passage about _in English。-You can write_passage in English A.600 words；a 600-