南京師范大學(xué)詞匯學(xué)考試復(fù)習(xí)樣卷

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket.（30%）1. Degradation can be illustrated by the following example ( ).A. lewd ignorant B. silly foolish C. last pleasure D. knave boy

2、2. Homophones are often employed to create puns for desired effects of ( ).A. humour B. sarcasm C. ridicule D. all the above3. The four major modes of semantic changes are ( ).A. extension, narrowing, elevation and degradationA. extension, generalization, elevation and degradationB. extension, narro

3、wing, specialization and degradationC. extension, elevation, amelioration and degradation4. The use of one name for that of another associated with it is rhetorically called ( ).A. synecdoche B. metonymy C. substitution D.metaphor5. Idioms adjectival in nature functions as ( ).A. adjectives B. attri

4、butes C. modifiers D. words6. Grammatical context refers to ( ) in which a word is used.A. vocabulary B. grammar C. semantic pattern D. syntactic structure7. In the idiom 'in good feather', we change 'good' into 'high, full' without changing meaning. This change of constituen

5、t is known as ( ) . A. addition B. replacement C. position-shifting D. variation 8. The word "laconic" is ( ).A. onomatopoeically motivated B. morphologically motivated C. semantically motivated D. etymologically motivated 9. CCELD is distinctive for its ( ). A. clear grammar codes B. lang

6、uage notes C. usage notes D. extra columns 10.Which of the following words is NOT formed through clipping? ( )A. Dorm B. motel C. Gent D. Zoo11. Old English has a vocabulary of about ( ) words.A. 30,000 to 40,000 B. 50,000 to 60,000 C. 70,000 to 80,000 D. 80,000 to 90,00012. ( ) are bound morphemes

7、because they cannot be used as separate words.A. Roots B. Stems C. Affixes D. Compounds 13. Besides French words, English also absorbed as 2,500 words of ( ) in the Middle English period.A. Dutch origin B. Danish origin C. Latin origin D. Greek origin14. A word is a symbol that ( ).A is used by the

8、same speech community Brepresents something else in the worldCis both simple and complex in nature Dshows different ideas in different sounds15. Some words in the basic word stock are said to be stable because they ( ).A. are complex words. B. are technical words C. refer to the commonest things in

9、life. D. denote the most important concepts. 16. According to the degree of similarity, homonyms can be classified into ( ). A. perfect homonyms B. homonyms C. homophones D. all the above 17. Transfer as a mode of semantic change can be illustrated by the example ( ). A. ad for “advertisement” B. di

10、sh for “food" C. fond for “affectionate” D. an editorial for “an editorial article" 18. It is a general belief that the meaning does not exist in the word itself, but it rather spreads over ( ). A. the readers interpretation B. the neighbouring words C. the writer's intention D. the et

11、ymology of the word 19. Which of the following is a prefix of time and order? ( )A. extra- B. pro- C. re- D. semi- 20. Which of the following dictionaries is not a specialized dictionary? ( ) A. The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology B. Chambers Encyclopedic English Dictionary.C. Longmont Dictio

12、nary of Phrasal Verbs. D. Websters New Dictionary of Synonyms.21. Which of the following statements is Not true? ( )A. Reference is the relationship between language and the world.B. The relationship between a word and its referent is arbitrary.C. Concept is universal to all men alike.D. Sense denot

13、es the relationships outside the language.22. The words which occur before or after a word and may affect its meaning forms ( ).A. physical context B. grammatical context C. lexical context D. linguistic context23. “Smith is an architect. He designed World Trade Centre.” The clue provided in the con

14、text is ( ).A. definition B. explanation C. example D. hyponym24. The term “Vocabulary” is used in different ways because of all the following reasons EXCEPT that ( ) .A. it can refer to the common core of a language B. it can refer to the total number of the words in a language C. it can represent

15、all the words used in a certain historical period D. it can stand for words in a given dialect or field 25. The idiom "a dark horse" is a ( ). A. simile B. metaphor C. metonymy D. personification 26. An idiom differs from a free phrase in that the former is ( ) and the latter is not. A. st

16、ructurally changeable B. semantically analyzable C. structurally fixed D. easily understood 27. We can work out the meaning of heliocentric and geocentric according to ( ) . A. morphological structure B. relevant details C. grammatical structure D. physical context 28. What causes the ambiguity of t

17、he sentence ”I like Mary better than Janet"? ( ) A. Vocabulary B. Situation C. Structure D. None of the above 29. Early Modern English refers to the language spoken ( ).A. from 1066 to 1500 B. from 1150 to 1500 C. from 1500 to 1700 D. from 1600 to 180030. Affixes added to the end of words to in

18、dicate grammatical relations are known as ( ).A. bound roots B. free morphemes C. inflectional morphemes D. derivational affixesII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.（10%）31. The form which remains after removing an inflectional affix is

19、called _ .32. The words which are involved in conversion are nouns, verbs and _ .33. The stylistic features of words form their _ meaning.34. _ field refers to a set of words which are semantically related.35. The modes of semantic change in words include extension, narrowing, _ and semantic transfe

20、r.36. _ motivation refers to the words whose meanings are suggested by their morphological structure.37. _ is one of the three kinds of meaning which has nothing to do with language.38. There is no _ relationship between sound and form as the connection between them is arbitrary and conventional.39.

21、 The three main foreign languages that have affected the English vocabulary most are Latin, Greek, and _ .40. A minimal meaningful unit of a language is _ .III. Decide whether the statements are true or false and write T (true) or F (false) in the corresponding brackets. (10%)41. Old English refers

22、to the language used between 100 and 450. 42. “Radiation” shows that the derived meanings of a polysemant are not directly related to the primary meaning.43. The connection between sound and meaning is conventional and arbitrary.44. A word which has a synonym naturally has an antonym.45. Content wor

23、ds are numerous and more frequently used than functional words on average.46. Extra-linguistic context refers to the physical situation or cultural background.47. During the Middle English period, Celtic, Latin and English existed side by side.48. Inadequate context is often the cause of ambiguity.4

24、9. Compounding is the process of creating new words by combining affixes and bases.50. In some pairs of antonyms, one term may cover the meaning of the other word.IV. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) word origin, 2) word formation, and types of synony

25、ms or antonyms. (10%) A B( D ) 51. skill A. back-formation( A ) 52. babysit B. blending ( B ) 53. telequiz C. French origin( H ) 54. composition / compounding D. Scandinavian origin( C ) 55. government E.clipping( I ) 56. same / different F. relative synonyms ( E ) 57. gent G. Germanic( G ) 58. Engl

26、ish H. absolute synonyms ( F ) 59. change / alter I. Contradictory terms ( J ) 60. big / small J. contrary termsV. Define the following terms (15%)61. notional wordsNotional words are also called content words which denote clear notions They include nouns, most verbs, adjectives, adverbs and numeral

27、s62. ContextIn a narrow sense, context refers to the words, clauses, sentences, a paragraph, a whole chapter and even the entire book in which a word appears In a broad sense, it includes the physical situation including the people, time, place and even the whole cultural background63. Synonyms （P67

28、）Words that are close in meaning are called synonyms, e.g. elevator / lift. 64. marked termsMany pairs of antonyms contain specific words and general words. In such a pair, the specific word is included in meaning within the general word. The specific words are called marked terms65. ambiguityIf the

29、re is more than one meaning for a word used in a context, ambiguity occurs Ambiguity is mainly caused by polysemy and homonymy and sometimes it is caused by structureVI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below. (15%)66. How

30、many types of motivations are there in English? Give ONE example for each type.(P35)There are four types motivation: 1) Onomatapoeic motivation, e.g.cuckoo, squeak, quack, etc. 2) Morphological motivation, e.g. airmail, reading-lamp,etc.3) Semantic motivation, e.g. the mouth of the river, the foot o

31、f the mountain, etc. 4) Etymological motivation, e.g. pen, laconic,etc.67. What are the major sources of English synonyms? Illustrate your points.(P47+P62)Key points: borrowing(P62 11); dialects and regional English; figurative and euphemistic use of words; coincidence with idiomatic expressions.68.

32、 What are the clues generally provided in verbal context?（P68）Key points: Definition (P68in a broad way, is linguistic context) ; explanation; example; synonymy (P67 8) ; antonymy (P67 9) ; hyponymy (P67 10) ; relevant details and word structure. VII. Writing in about 100 words (10%)69. What have yo

33、u learned from the course of English lexicology?What I have learned from lexicology During our English study, we may ask ourselves such a question: How many words are there in English? It is impossible to count the number of words in a language, because it is so hard to decide what counts as a word. Thus, English-lexicological learning is important in some aspects. During the study of lexicology course, I have acquired a lot of useful information which really does help me. Initially, studying lexicology is an effective way to raise the interest level of our English st