Grammar過去分詞作定語和表語

1、Discovering Useful StructuresUsed as the Attribute and PredicativePast participle (1)1. So many thousands of terrified people died.2. He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London.3. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people.attributeattribut

2、epredicativeWhat is the past participle used for?a piece of broken glassboiled watera used stampa buried box of coinsa damaged computerworn-out shoes一片碎玻璃一片碎玻璃開水開水一枚用過的郵票一枚用過的郵票一箱埋起來的硬幣一箱埋起來的硬幣穿破的鞋子穿破的鞋子一臺損壞了的計算機一臺損壞了的計算機過去分詞作定語過去分詞作定語Translate the following phrases.Complete the table with phrases t

3、hat have the same meaning.terrified peoplereserved seatspolluted watera crowded rooma pleased winnerpeople terrified of (cholera)seats reserved for water polluted by a room crowded of a winner pleased at children astonished at/by a vase broken by a door closed by the audience tired by an animal trap

4、ped in /byastonished childrena closed door the tired audience a trapped animal a broken vase 一、過去分詞作定語一、過去分詞作定語1 1、單個的過去分詞作定語時一般兼有被動和、單個的過去分詞作定語時一般兼有被動和完成的意義，常作前置定語。完成的意義，常作前置定語。 a lost animal 一只迷路的動物一只迷路的動物 a used stamp 一枚用過的郵票一枚用過的郵票 an injured finger 一個受傷的手指一個受傷的手指 a broken coin 一枚破損的硬幣一枚破損的硬幣 a

5、lighted candle 一支點燃的蠟燭一支點燃的蠟燭 注意：過去分詞作定語時，有時只有被動意義。注意：過去分詞作定語時，有時只有被動意義。 spoken English 英語口語英語口語 written exercises 書面練習書面練習 少數(shù)表示位移或狀態(tài)改變的不及物動詞的過去少數(shù)表示位移或狀態(tài)改變的不及物動詞的過去分詞只有完成的意義分詞只有完成的意義 fallen leaves 落葉落葉 the risen sun 升起來的太陽升起來的太陽 the advanced countries 發(fā)達國家發(fā)達國家 a drunken man 一個醉鬼一個醉鬼 a returned stude

6、nt 一名歸國留學生一名歸國留學生 a retired teacher 一名退休教師一名退休教師 an escaped prisoner 一名逃跑的囚犯一名逃跑的囚犯 by-gone days 過去的歲月過去的歲月2、過去分詞作后置定語，表示被動和或完、過去分詞作后置定語，表示被動和或完成意義。成意義。 How I regretted the hours wasted in thewoods! I like wearing clothes made of this kind of cloth The books written by Lu Xun are popular Well go to

7、visit the bridge built hundreds of years ago Change the following Past Participle into clauses. 1) He told us of the great wrong done to him. = He told us of the great wrong _ to him.which had been done 注注: : 本句中的過去分詞作定語，既表被動又表完本句中的過去分詞作定語，既表被動又表完 成。成。2）The United States is a developed country. = Th

8、e United Stated is a country _ .which has developed注注: : 本句中的過去分詞作定語，只表示完成。本句中的過去分詞作定語，只表示完成。3）Have you noticed the bridge being built there?= Have you noticed the bridge _ there?which is being built注：本句中的過去分詞作定語，表示被動的動作正注：本句中的過去分詞作定語，表示被動的動作正在進行。在進行。 I dont know the girl _ in the snow storm. A. to

9、catch B. caught C. catching D. to be catching 解析：小女孩是解析：小女孩是“被困被困”在暴風雪中，所在暴風雪中，所以空白處應填過去分詞作后置定語。以空白處應填過去分詞作后置定語。2. The girl _ down by a car was dying. A. knock B. knocking C. knocked D. to knock 解析：小女孩是解析：小女孩是“被被”小汽車小汽車“撞倒撞倒”的，的，所以空白處應填過去分詞，作后置定語。所以空白處應填過去分詞，作后置定語。BC典型例題典型例題 After completing and sig

10、ning it, please return the form to us in the envelope _. A. providing B. provided C. having provided D. provide解析解析: 動詞動詞provide與其邏輯主語與其邏輯主語envelop是是被動關系，在句中作定語，相當于被動關系，在句中作定語，相當于which is provided。 題意為：題意為：“表格填完之后，請表格填完之后，請將其放入為您提供的信封中，返還給我們將其放入為您提供的信封中，返還給我們”。B高考真題高考真題2. “Its such a nice place.” Mo

11、ther said as she sat at the table _ for customers. A. to be reserved B. having reserved C. reserving D. reserved解析：解析：reserve 和謂語動詞和謂語動詞sat 之間沒有連詞，之間沒有連詞，且和其邏輯主語且和其邏輯主語the table 邏輯上構成被動關邏輯上構成被動關系，故用過去分詞表示被動、完成的概念，系，故用過去分詞表示被動、完成的概念，在句子中做后置定語。在句子中做后置定語。 table reserved for customers意為：預定給顧客的桌子。意為：預定給顧

12、客的桌子。 D3. Amie Salmon, disabled, is attended throughout her school days by a nurse _ to guard her. A. to appoint B. appointing C. appointed D. having appointed4. The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras _ to our shop for quality problems.A. returning B. returnedC. to return D. to be retur

13、nedCB5. The players _ from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game. A. selecting B. to select C. selected D. having selected解析：分析句子結構可知，解析：分析句子結構可知，“_ from the whole country”是分詞短語作后置定語修飾是分詞短語作后置定語修飾the players，再結合語境可知此處表示，再結合語境可知此處表示“被挑被挑選出來的選出來的”，故用過去分詞短語作后置定語，故用過去分詞短語作

14、后置定語，故答案為故答案為C。C6. Tsinghua University, _ in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures. A. found B. founding C. founded D. to be founded解析：句中的主語解析：句中的主語Tsinghua University與與found構成邏輯上的被動關系，可選構成邏輯上的被動關系，可選C、D；再根據(jù)時間再根據(jù)時間1911年可知年可知found動作已經(jīng)完成，動作已經(jīng)完成，故用過去分詞。此句中過去分詞短語作后置故用過去分詞。此句中過去分詞短語作后置定語

15、。本句的意思是：成立于定語。本句的意思是：成立于1911年的清華年的清華大學，是許多卓越人物的家園。大學，是許多卓越人物的家園。A7. So far nobody has claimed the money in the library. A. discovered B. to be discovered C. discovering D. having discovered解析：該空在句中作后置定語，修飾解析：該空在句中作后置定語，修飾the money，根據(jù)，根據(jù)the money與與discover的被動關系，的被動關系，排除排除C、D兩項。兩項。B項表示的是項表示的是“將要被發(fā)現(xiàn)將要被

16、發(fā)現(xiàn)”的意思，根據(jù)句意的意思，根據(jù)句意“到目前為止還沒有人來到目前為止還沒有人來認領在圖書館被發(fā)現(xiàn)的錢認領在圖書館被發(fā)現(xiàn)的錢”可判斷選可判斷選A項。項。A8. A great number of students _ said they were forced to practise the piano. A. to question B. to be questioned C. questioned D. questioning解析：解析：question與與students 存在被動關系，存在被動關系，question表示的動作也已完成，故用過去表示的動作也已完成，故用過去分詞。分詞。C9

17、. Mrs. White showed her students some old maps _ from the library. A. to borrow B. to be borrowed C. borrowed D. borrowing解析：根據(jù)選項此題考察非謂語動詞，題解析：根據(jù)選項此題考察非謂語動詞，題干中空格劃在名詞干中空格劃在名詞maps后，空格后部分是后，空格后部分是對對maps解釋說明，因此此題考察非謂語動解釋說明，因此此題考察非謂語動詞做定語。根據(jù)句意，詞做定語。根據(jù)句意，borrow的動作已經(jīng)的動作已經(jīng)完成，因此選擇完成，因此選擇C。C10. The island, _

18、 to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to. A. joining B. to join C. joined D. having joined解析：解析：join to 表示表示“把把連接起連接起來來”，joined在句中是過去分詞作定語，在句中是過去分詞作定語，相當于定語從句相當于定語從句which is joined 。C過去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞作定語的區(qū)別過去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞作定語的區(qū)別區(qū)別主要表現(xiàn)在語態(tài)和時間關系上區(qū)別主要表現(xiàn)在語態(tài)和時間關系上 首先，在語態(tài)上不同：現(xiàn)在分詞表示主首先，在語態(tài)上不同：現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動的意思，而過去分詞多表示被動的

19、意思。動的意思，而過去分詞多表示被動的意思。請比較：請比較：surprising news 使人吃驚的消息使人吃驚的消息 surprised listeners 吃驚的聽眾吃驚的聽眾值得注意的是，有一些過去分詞由不及物值得注意的是，有一些過去分詞由不及物動詞變來，它們只表示一個動作已完成，動詞變來，它們只表示一個動作已完成，沒有被動的意味。例如：沒有被動的意味。例如：fallen leaves 落葉落葉其次，時間關系上不同：一般來說，現(xiàn)在其次，時間關系上不同：一般來說，現(xiàn)在分詞表示的動作往往正在進行，而過去分分詞表示的動作往往正在進行，而過去分詞所表示的動作往往已經(jīng)完成。請比較：詞所表示的動作

20、往往已經(jīng)完成。請比較： the changing world 正在發(fā)生變化的世界正在發(fā)生變化的世界 the changed world 已經(jīng)變化了的世界已經(jīng)變化了的世界There was a terrible noise _ the sudden burst of light. A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed答案答案B。由于聲音在閃電后，因此為。由于聲音在閃電后，因此為聲跟隨著光，聲音為跟隨的發(fā)出者，聲跟隨著光，聲音為跟隨的發(fā)出者，為主動。用現(xiàn)在分詞。為主動。用現(xiàn)在分詞。_ some officials,

21、 Napoleon inspected his army. A. Followed B. Followed by C. Being followed D. Having been followed答案答案B。 Napoleon 與與follow 之間有被動的之間有被動的含義。含義。being followed除表達被動之外，除表達被動之外，還有動作正在進行之意。還有動作正在進行之意。 followed by (被被跟隨跟隨)。本題可改為：。本題可改為：With some officials following, Napoleon inspected his army.Read the sent

22、ences, paying attention to the past participle.The glass is broken. Our classroom is crowded. The ground is covered with snow. I found that I was lost. Those days are gone. He is dead drunk. 二、過去分詞作表語二、過去分詞作表語1、過去分詞作表語，表示主語的特點或所處、過去分詞作表語，表示主語的特點或所處的狀態(tài)，其前的系動詞有包括的狀態(tài)，其前的系動詞有包括be在內(nèi)的多種在內(nèi)的多種形式。形式。 Everyon

23、e present is very inspired at his speech 聽了他的發(fā)言，在場的所有人都很振奮。聽了他的發(fā)言，在場的所有人都很振奮。 You seem frightened. 你似乎受了驚嚇。你似乎受了驚嚇。2、過去分詞作表語，構成的系表結構與被動、過去分詞作表語，構成的系表結構與被動語態(tài)的區(qū)別：語態(tài)的區(qū)別： 過去分詞作表語，強調(diào)主語的特點或所處過去分詞作表語，強調(diào)主語的特點或所處的狀態(tài)；而被動語態(tài)中，主語是動詞所表示的狀態(tài)；而被動語態(tài)中，主語是動詞所表示動作的承受者。動作的承受者。 This shop is now closed 這家商店現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)關門了。這家商店現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)

24、關門了。(狀態(tài)狀態(tài)) This shop is closed at 6 p.m. every day 這家商店每天這家商店每天6點關門。點關門。(動作）動作） 3、 現(xiàn)在分詞作表語，表示的動作與句子的現(xiàn)在分詞作表語，表示的動作與句子的 主語構成邏輯上的主謂關系；而過去分詞主語構成邏輯上的主謂關系；而過去分詞 作表語，其動作與句子的主語構成邏輯上作表語，其動作與句子的主語構成邏輯上 的動賓關系。如：的動賓關系。如： The news was exciting and we were all excited. The news was exciting and it excited us all.

25、 We were surprised at what he said at the meeting. What he said at the meeting surprised us. The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain _ as the plane was making a landing. A. seat B. seating C. seated D. to be seating 解析：解析： remain seated 為系表結構，表為系表結構，表示狀態(tài)。示狀態(tài)。典型例題典型例題C In April, thousan

26、ds of holidaymakers remained _ abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud. A. sticking B. stuck C. to be stuckD. to have stuck解析：解析：remain是高考的重點詞匯。當它做是高考的重點詞匯。當它做系動詞時，后面接過去分詞作表語。系動詞時，后面接過去分詞作表語。B高考真題高考真題2. _ in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star. A. Being rai

27、sed B. Raising C. Raised D. To raise3. _in painting, John didnt notice evening approaching. A. To absorb B. To be absorbed C. Absorbed D. Absorbing C C 4. As we joined the big crowd I got _ from my friends. A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed解析：此題中的解析：此題中的got + separated表示狀態(tài)，表示狀態(tài)， separated 為過去

28、分詞作表語。為過去分詞作表語。get / be separated常與常與 from 連用，故答案為連用，故答案為 A。A一、單項填空。一、單項填空。 The concert _ at the Beijing Workers Stadium was a big success. A. held B. holding C. hold D. to hold2. Walking out of the office with a _ smile on her face, she turned to say goodbye to her teacher. A. forcing B. forced C.

29、being forced D. having forced AB4. He asked his students to remain _ until all the papers had been handed in. A. to seat B. to be seated C. seating D. seated 4. There was nothing _ in the fridge, so he had to go out for dinner. A. to leave B. leavingC. left D. to be left5. The students were all _ wh

30、en they heard the _ news. A. inspired; inspiring B. inspired; inspired C. inspiring; inspired D. inspiring; inspiring ADC6. When he got back, he found that his bread had gotten _. A. to burn B. burnt C. burning D. to be burnt 7. The police said on Thursday that they had a _ person of the murder, whi

31、ch could be a great help to them. A. feared B. doubted C. questioned D. suspected BD二、用括號內(nèi)動詞的適當形式填空。二、用括號內(nèi)動詞的適當形式填空。 Fortunately, the _ (infect) people were sent to hospital immediately.2. The primary purpose is to make achievements in biological research _ (know) to the public.3. “To see is _ (believe)!” I couldnt help telling myself. infected known to believe4. John told me that the _ (excite) plan was the one put forward by Mr. Zhang at yesterdays meeting.5. When he came back, he found his son pretended to _ (work).6. The museum once _ (build) for exhibiting famous cars has been pu