《詞匯與語法結(jié)構(gòu)》word版

1、.詞匯與語法結(jié)構(gòu)單句選擇語法重點時態(tài)語法部分主要涵蓋以下重點：動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)、情態(tài)動詞、非謂語動詞、虛擬語氣，以及各種從句等。我們先來學(xué)習(xí)時態(tài)：1.一般如今時可以代替將來時，用于時間和條件狀語從句中。1Return the book immediately to the library as soon as you _it.A.finish B.are finished C.have finished D.are finishing答案A。2Please be sure to telephone me the next time you _.A.will come B.would come

2、C.shall come D e答案D。2.在This is the first time構(gòu)造中，后面的從句用如今完成時。句子開頭也可以用it代替this例：This is the first time that Ihave met Jane.3.在It/This is+形容詞最高級+名詞后面的從句中，用如今完成時。例：This is one of the best books _on the subject.A.that have ever been written B.which have ever been written C.that has ever been written D.w

3、hatever have been written答案為A。4.在It is/has been+時間段+since后邊用過去時。例：It has been twenty years since Ileft my hometown.5.在no soonerthan和hardlywhen構(gòu)造中，主句部分用過去完成時，從句部分用過去時。1I had no sooner returned than he called.2We had hardly begun when we were told to stop.6.在It ishightime后邊的從句中用過去時。例：It is time that w

4、e had arest.情態(tài)動詞1.情態(tài)動詞后接完成時的用法：情態(tài)動詞用來表示才能、允許、許諾、可能、必須、勸告、意愿等概念或態(tài)度。情態(tài)動詞無人稱變化，在句子中和動詞原形一起組成謂語。只有ought后面接to do。2.must+如今完成時構(gòu)造：這一構(gòu)造表示對過去一個動作比較有把握的猜測。例：I believe he _an accident,otherwise he would have arrived on time.A.would have had B.could have had C.should have had D.must have had答案為D。3.shouldought t

5、ohave done用來表示本來應(yīng)該做卻沒有做的事情。例：Im sorry Icouldnt get in touch with him before he left,I _him earlier.A.had atelephone B.have phoned C.should have phoned D.should be phoned答案是C。中文意思是我很抱歉我沒能在他走之前和他聯(lián)絡(luò)上，我本應(yīng)早點兒給他打 的。4.could+如今完成時，表示本來能做的事情而沒有做。例：Mary _that coat,but she chose to lend the money to aneedy nei

6、ghbour.A.could have bought B.must have bought C.can buy D.could buy答案為A。瑪麗本來可以買那件大衣的，但是她把錢借給一個更急需的鄰居了。虛擬語氣虛擬語氣是動詞的一種特殊形式，用來表達說話人的愿望、懇求、意圖、建議、驚奇、設(shè)想等。虛擬語氣是英語語法的難點，考生必須純熟掌握。以下從五個方面介紹。1.虛擬條件句中虛擬語氣的運用：虛擬條件句從時間上又分為與如今事實相反，與過去事實相反，與將來事實可能相反三種情況。表示與如今事實相反的，if從句用過去式，主句用would或could,should,might加原形動詞。與過去事實相反的，

7、if從句用過去完成時，主句用would或could,should,might+have done構(gòu)造。與將來事實可能相反的，if從句用should或were to加動詞原形，主句用would加動詞原形。1If abetter material _,the strength of the part would have been increased.A.had been used B.had been using C.being used D.using根據(jù)前面的講解，正確答案為A。2Had the weather been good,the children _out for awalk.A.

8、had gone B.could have gone C.would go D.went答案為B。與過去的事實相反。當if從句中含有were,had,should這三個詞時，if可以省略，主謂倒裝。2.某些動詞后的賓語從句以及某些名詞后的表語或同位語從句中虛擬語氣的運用，這些動詞或名詞包括：suggestsuggestion,proposeproposal,adviseadvice,demand,insist,order,request,require,recommend,desire,ask,decide等。在這些從句中，謂語形式為should加動詞原形，should可以省略。例：The g

9、enerals command was that the soldiers _their fort and carry out more important task.A.would leave B.leave C.left D.have left答案為B。3.在It is desired或desirable,It is important等構(gòu)造后面的主語從句中，動詞用原形或should+原形動詞。這些構(gòu)造有：It is suggested,It is requested,It was ordered,It is necessary,It is essential.It is vital,It

10、 is urgent,It is impossible,It is preferable,It is advisable,It was proposed等。例：Its desired that she _to teach us at least twice aweek,A es B.will come C e D.may come答案為C。4.在would rather,as if/though以及wish后邊that從句中虛擬語氣的運用。1I am too busy these days.I would rather all of you _next month for adinner.A

11、e B.would come C.came D.have come答案為C。would rather后面的從句中，動詞形式用過去式。2He talks as if he _everything in the world.A.knows B.knew C.had known D.would have know正確答案為B。在as if/though后邊的方式狀語從句中，表示與如今事實相反或?qū)θ缃竦那闆r有所疑心，動詞用過去式；假設(shè)表示的是想象中的過去的動作，用過去完成時。本句表示對如今的情況有所疑心。3You look as if you had seen aghost.此句中as if后邊是說話

12、人想象中的動作，所以用過去完成時。4I wish Iknew his address.在wish后邊的從句中，假設(shè)指如今或?qū)淼脑竿?，動詞用過去式。這句話告訴我們說話人并不知道他的地址。5Peter wishes that he _law instead of literature when he was in college.A.could study B.studied C.had studied D.would study答案為C。表示過去沒有實現(xiàn)的愿望，動詞用過去完成時。5.在It ishightime后邊的that從句中，動詞用過去式，表示該做某事了。例：Dont you think

13、 it is time you _smoking?A.give up B.gave up C.would give up D.should give up答案為B。非謂語動詞動詞非謂語形式包括不定式，動名詞和分詞，它們在句子中不能充當謂語，可以分別充當主語、表語、賓語、定語和狀語。雖然非謂語形式不能充當謂語，但它們?nèi)匀槐４媪藙釉~的某些特征，比方說它們可以有自己的賓語，補足語或狀語以及自己的邏輯主語，能成為句子的獨立成分。動詞非謂語形式有一般時、進展時和完成時三種形式以及相應(yīng)的主動與被動形式。在解答有關(guān)動詞非謂語形式的試題時，應(yīng)特別注意以下幾點：1.英語中有些動詞后跟不定式作賓語，有些動詞后面那

14、么接動名詞作賓語，還有一些動詞的后邊既可以接不定式，也可以接動名詞，有時意義不變，但有時卻在意義上大不一樣，所以必須牢記有關(guān)非謂語形式的根本知識。1We shall appreciate _from you soon.A.being heard B.hearing C.to hear D.having been heard答案是B。appreciate這個詞后面只能接動名詞，且應(yīng)該是其一般式。2The man in the corner confessed to _a lie to the manager of the company.A.have told B.be told C.being

15、 told D.having told短語動詞confess to中的to是介詞，不是動詞不定式符號，因此選項A和B可以排除。選項C是動名詞的被動式，而動名詞后邊已經(jīng)有了賓語a lie,因此動名詞不能是被動式，因此正確答案是D。用完成形式的動名詞表示這個動作在主要動詞之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生。3We all feel sorry for _for so long after your arrival.A.keep you waiting B.having kept you waiting C.waiting for you D.keep you wait答案為B。2.非謂語動詞作賓語補充語時，要弄清哪些動

16、詞后面可以跟不定式作賓補，哪些動詞后面可以跟分詞作賓補。1Mr.and Mrs.Smith didnt expect the house _so well.A.to be decorated B.to decorate C.be decorated D.decorating decorate是及物動詞，因此可以排除B和D，C項缺了不定式的符號to，因此正確答案為A。2There was so much noise that the speaker couldnt make himself _.A.hearing B.being heard C.to hear D.heard hear在本句中是

17、及物動詞，據(jù)此可以排除A和C，B項選擇形式不對，因此D是正確答案。3The manager has his employees _a business report every week.A.to write B.written C.writing D.write答案為D。have和get后面接賓補時，要用過去分詞或無to不定式。4we are going to have our office _to make room for anew engineer.A.to rearrange B.rearrange C.rearranged D.rearranging答案為C。3.非謂語動詞作狀語時

18、，尤其是分詞作狀語時，要注意分詞的邏輯主語必須和句子的主語一致。例：Arriving at the bus stop,_ waiting there.A.he found alot of people B.a lot of people were C.he found alot of peoples D.people were found根據(jù)上面所述，可以首先排除B和D，C項中的peoples構(gòu)造不對，正確答案只能是A。4.掌握好非謂語動詞形式時態(tài)和語態(tài)的正確使用。假設(shè)非謂語動詞所表示的動作發(fā)生在主要謂語動詞所表示的動作之后或同時，用一般式，假設(shè)非謂語動詞表示的動作在主要謂語動詞所表示的動作之

19、前，那么用完成式。非謂語動詞的邏輯主語是動作的發(fā)出者還是承受者決定了應(yīng)當用主動式還是被動式。例：The famous novel is said _into Chinese.A.to have translated B.to be translate C.to have been translated D.to translate答案為C。從句大學(xué)英語1-3冊涉及到的從句主要有四種，分別是定語從句、狀語從句特別是讓步狀語從句，賓語從句和主語從句。下面分別給同學(xué)們提示一些需要注意的問題。1.定語從句定語從句又分限制性和非限制性定語從句?？忌貏e注意非限制定語從句的用法。從形式上看，限制性定語從

20、句由who,whom,whose,which,that等關(guān)系代詞或when,why,where等關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)，不用逗號把主句和從句分開。而非限制性定語從句中不會出現(xiàn)that，而且要用逗號把主句和從句分開。1An old friend from abroad,_ Iwas expecting to stay with，telephoned me from the airport.A.that B.whom C.who D.Which這是一個非限制性定語從句，正確答案是B，因為此處的whom是stay with的邏輯賓語。2The United States is composed of fift

21、y states,two of _are separated from the others by land or water.A.them B.that C.which D.those正確答案為C。在非限制性定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞前面可能會有介詞，在介詞前面還可能有其它限定詞，這就更復(fù)雜一些，需特別注意。2.狀語從句狀語從句有很多種，讓步狀語從句是個難點。讓步狀語從句主要由以下一些詞或詞組引導(dǎo)：though,although,even if,even though,whetheror,no matter wh-或how,whateverwhoever,whichever等。1_，you mus

22、t show your ticket to go into the cinema.A.No matter whomever you are B.In whomever you are C.Whoever you are D.No matter who are you四個選擇項中，A中的Whomever多了ever，B項中in whomever部分格式不對，D項的語序不對，只有C是正確的。2Young _he is,he knows what is aright thing to do.A.that B.as C.although D.however正確答案是B。as也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，但通

23、常把被強調(diào)的形容詞或副詞等放在句首。3.賓語從句賓語從句比較簡單，它在主從復(fù)合句中充當賓語成份，通?？梢杂蓆hat，if,whether及what引導(dǎo)。使用賓語從句時應(yīng)注意的是，有時可以設(shè)it為形式賓語，真正賓語是后邊的從句。例：I always take it for granted that Iam far more intelligent than he is.句子的it指代的是后邊that從句的內(nèi)容。4.主語從句主語從句在主從復(fù)合句中充當主語，可以引導(dǎo)主語從句的詞有what,that以及who,why,where,when等連接代詞或連接副詞。為防止頭重腳輕，特別是在口語中，通常設(shè)it

24、為形式主語，與下邊這些構(gòu)造連用。It is apity thatIt is an honor thatIt is ashame thatIt is agood thing thatIt is afact thatIt is asurprise that以及It is strange thatIt is surprising thatIt is true thatIt is fortunate thatIt is necessary thatIt is possibleimpossiblethat1It is desirable that he _.A.gives up trying B.giv

25、e up trying C.would give up trying D.is going to give up trying答案B。本句也是一種虛擬語氣句。2_ Isaw was two men crossing the street.A.What B.Whom C.Who D.That答案為A。在復(fù)習(xí)語法的過程中，除了以上講到的這些內(nèi)容，考生還應(yīng)留意倒裝句構(gòu)造及附加疑問句的句子構(gòu)造。倒裝句1.否認詞放置句首時,助動詞或be動詞要放置主語的前面進展倒裝.常用的否認詞有：not,scarcely,barely,seldom,not until,little,inunder no circums

26、tance,by no means,no soonerthan。Not until Ireminded him for the third time _working and looked up.A.that he stopped B.does he stopped C.did he stop D.that he stopped答案為C。2.Only+adv.句子要倒裝。1Only under such acondition will he make steady progress.只有在這樣的條件下，他才會獲得扎實的進步。3.nor,neither,so用于句首時,句子要倒裝。So litt

27、le _about stock exchange that the lecture was completely beyond me.A.did Iknow B.I had known C.I knew D.was Iknow答案為A。4.虛擬條件句中省略if時要倒裝。_ you were busy,I wouldnt have bothered you with my questions.A.If Irealized B.Had Irealized C.Did Ihave realized that D.As Irealized答案為B。附加疑問句1.附加疑問句的根本用法附加疑問句由兩部分構(gòu)

28、成：陳述句+附加問句。一般的規(guī)那么是：前肯定，后否認；前否認，后肯定。1He had to finish the work yesterday,_?A.hadnt he B.had he C.didnt he D.did he答案為C。have作有以外解釋時，附加疑問句要用助動詞do/does/did。2There wont be any concert this Saturday evening,_?A.will there not B.will there C.is there D.will it be答案為B。當陳述句為there be句型時，附加疑問句用其否認或肯定的疑問句式。2.含有

29、否認詞的用法：假設(shè)陳述句部分已有表示否認的hardly,scarcely,never,seldom等詞時，反問句部分要用肯定。She scarcely cares for anything,_?A.doesnt B.does she C.is she D.isnt she答案為B。3.祈使句：1Please let us have more time,_?A.shall we B.will you C.wont you D.dont you答案：B。Lets表示第一人稱的祈使句，反問部分主語用we時，謂語用shall。如：Lets go,shall we?2Dont forget to wri

30、te to me,_?A.do you B.wont you C.are D.will you答案為D。實例分析8.You ought _the matter to the manager the day before yesterday.A.to report B.to have reported C.to reporting D.have reported答案：B。本句測試情態(tài)動詞ought to+完成時，表示應(yīng)當做的事情而沒有做。本句的意思是：前天你應(yīng)當向經(jīng)理匯報這件事情。因此B為正確答案。9.We look forward to _to the opening ceremony.A.i

31、nvite B.be invited C.having been invited D.being invited答案：D。look forward to短語中的to是介詞，因此其后要接動名詞做賓語，又根據(jù)題意，要用動名詞的被動。本句的意思是：我們都盼望著能被邀請參加開幕式。10.I will never forget the ten years _we both spent in the little village.A.when B.during which C.which D.in which答案：C。該題是定語從句。關(guān)系代詞which在定語從句中做動詞spent的賓語。11.Not until most of the people had left the airport _his sister was there.A.that he saw B.had he seen C.did he see D.that he had seen答案：C。not until放在