高級C-開發(fā)技術(shù)習(xí)題解答

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上高級C#開發(fā)技術(shù)習(xí)題1.用enum定義字節(jié)類型的方位常量，打印出某一方位并將此方位值轉(zhuǎn)化為字節(jié)類型，字符串類型值。分析輸出結(jié)果的原因。回答以下問題：Enum的缺省類型是什么？回答：Enum在C#中是一種值類型（Value Type），其基類型必須是整數(shù)類型（如Int16）直接輸出myDirection和(byte)myDirection有何區(qū)別?；卮穑哼@是符號名和常數(shù)值的互相轉(zhuǎn)換，當(dāng)枚舉變量轉(zhuǎn)換為常數(shù)值時(shí)，必須使用強(qiáng)制轉(zhuǎn)換。class Variables enum orientation : byte north = 1, south = 2, east = 3, w

2、est = 4 static void Main(string args) byte directionByte; string directionString; orientation myDirection = orientation.north; Console.WriteLine("myDirection = 0", myDirection); directionByte = (byte)myDirection; directionString = Convert.ToString(myDirection); Console.WriteLine("byte

3、 equivalent = 0", directionByte); Console.WriteLine("string equivalent = 0", directionString);Console.ReadLine(); 2建立使用關(guān)系運(yùn)算符和邏輯運(yùn)算符的程序文件。Main方法中實(shí)例代碼如下static void Main(string args) Console.WriteLine("Enter an integer:"); int myInt = Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine(); Console.

4、WriteLine("Integer less than 10? 0", myInt < 10); Console.WriteLine("Integer between 0 and 5? 0", (0 <= myInt) && (myInt <= 5); Console.WriteLine("Bitwise AND of Integer and 10 = 0", myInt & 10); Console.ReadLine(); 編譯運(yùn)行該程序。并嘗試myInt輸入不同范圍整數(shù)，非10和10時(shí)的

5、輸出差異。3. 定義一個(gè)TimeSpan類，用TimeSpan.Add方法實(shí)現(xiàn)類中對象的加法，程序具體功能要求如下：TimeSpan類含一個(gè)總耗費(fèi)秒數(shù)變量，每小時(shí)秒數(shù)3600常量，每分鐘秒數(shù)60常量；構(gòu)造方法實(shí)現(xiàn)無參數(shù)時(shí)總耗秒為初設(shè)為0，具有小時(shí)、分鐘和秒?yún)?shù)時(shí)總耗秒為小時(shí)和分鐘及秒總含秒數(shù)；打印出總共消耗小時(shí)數(shù)、分鐘數(shù)和秒數(shù)；定義TimeSpan Add方法，實(shí)現(xiàn)兩個(gè)TimeSpan對象的加和；參考代碼如下：using System;class TimeSpan private uint totalSeconds; private const uint SecondsInHour = 360

6、0; private const uint SecondsInMinute = 60; public TimeSpan() totalSeconds = 0; public TimeSpan(uint initialHours, uint initialMinutes, uint initialSeconds) totalSeconds = initialHours * SecondsInHour + initialMinutes * SecondsInMinute + initialSeconds; public uint Seconds get return totalSeconds; s

7、et totalSeconds = value; public void PrintHourMinSec() uint hours; uint minutes; uint seconds; hours = totalSeconds / SecondsInHour; minutes = (totalSeconds % SecondsInHour) / SecondsInMinute; seconds = (totalSeconds % SecondsInHour) % SecondsInMinute; Console.WriteLine("0 Hours 1 Minutes 2 Sec

8、onds", hours, minutes, seconds); public static TimeSpan Add(TimeSpan timeSpan1, TimeSpan timeSpan2) TimeSpan sumTimeSpan = new TimeSpan(); sumTimeSpan.Seconds = timeSpan1.Seconds + timeSpan2.Seconds; return sumTimeSpan; class TimeSpanTest public static void Main() TimeSpan totalTime; TimeSpan m

9、yTime = new TimeSpan(1,20,30); TimeSpan yourTime = new TimeSpan(2,40,45); totalTime = TimeSpan.Add(myTime, yourTime); Console.Write("My time: "); myTime.PrintHourMinSec(); Console.Write("Your time: "); yourTime.PrintHourMinSec(); Console.Write("Total time: "); totalTime

10、.PrintHourMinSec(); 將以上程序的TimeSpanAdd方法改為加號操作符重載的實(shí)現(xiàn)，并回答有何異同。using System;using System.Collections.Generic;using System.Linq;using System.Text;namespace Test class TimeSpan private uint totalSeconds; private const uint SecondsInHour = 3600; private const uint SecondsInMinute = 60; public TimeSpan() t

11、otalSeconds = 0; public TimeSpan(uint initialHours, uint initialMinutes, uint initialSeconds) totalSeconds = initialHours * SecondsInHour + initialMinutes * SecondsInMinute + initialSeconds; public uint Seconds get return totalSeconds; set totalSeconds = value; public void PrintHourMinSec() uint hou

12、rs; uint minutes; uint seconds; hours = totalSeconds / SecondsInHour; minutes = (totalSeconds % SecondsInHour) / SecondsInMinute; seconds = (totalSeconds % SecondsInHour) % SecondsInMinute; Console.WriteLine("0 Hours 1 Minutes 2 Seconds", hours, minutes, seconds); public static TimeSpan op

13、erator +(TimeSpan timeSpan1, TimeSpan timeSpan2) TimeSpan sumTimeSpan = new TimeSpan(); sumTimeSpan.Seconds = timeSpan1.Seconds + timeSpan2.Seconds; return sumTimeSpan; class Program static void Main(string args) TimeSpan totalTime; TimeSpan myTime = new TimeSpan(1, 20, 30); TimeSpan yourTime = new

14、TimeSpan(2, 40, 45); totalTime = myTime + yourTime; Console.Write("My time: "); myTime.PrintHourMinSec(); Console.Write("Your time: "); yourTime.PrintHourMinSec(); Console.Write("Total time: "); totalTime.PrintHourMinSec(); Console.ReadLine(); 4. 多態(tài)程序練習(xí)：基類shape類是一個(gè)表示形狀的

15、抽象類，area( )為求圖形面積的函數(shù)。請從shape類派生三角形類(triangle)、圓類（circles）、并給出具體的求面積函數(shù)，并在主函數(shù)中多態(tài)地實(shí)現(xiàn)調(diào)用。using System;namespace Variables /public abstract class shape / / public abstract void MyArea(); / public class shape public virtual void MyArea() Console.WriteLine("no use"); public class circle : shape do

16、uble r,carea; public circle(double r) this.r = r; public override void MyArea() carea = Math.PI*r * r; Console.WriteLine("該圖形的面積為0",carea); public class triangle : shape double tarea,hemiline,h; public triangle(double hemiline,double h) this.hemiline = hemiline; this.h = h; public override

17、 void MyArea() tarea = hemiline * h / 2; Console.WriteLine("hemiline=0,h=1",hemiline,h); Console.WriteLine("該圖形的面積為0", tarea); public class Tester public static void Main() shape MyShape; double r = Convert.ToDouble(Console.ReadLine(); MyShape = new circle(r); MyShape.MyArea(); d

18、ouble h = Convert.ToDouble(Console.ReadLine(); double hemiline = Convert.ToDouble(Console.ReadLine(); MyShape = new triangle(hemiline, h); MyShape.MyArea(); Console.ReadLine(); 運(yùn)行結(jié)果：思考：(1) 將類shape定義為抽象類含有MyArea抽象方法再調(diào)試程序，查看效果。(2) 并回答抽象方法是否可以含 主體？(3) 如果將基類中虛方法關(guān)鍵字virtual去掉程序會怎樣？5. 覆蓋虛接口程序：以下程序組合了多種功能，請

19、參考如下代碼解釋并回答問題。l 該程序包含的類的個(gè)數(shù)和關(guān)系？l 類對接口的實(shí)現(xiàn)有何區(qū)別？“interface”（接口）關(guān)鍵字使抽象的概念更深入了一層。我們可將其想象為一個(gè)“純”抽象類。它允許創(chuàng)建者規(guī)定一個(gè)類的基本形式：方法名、自變量列表以及返回類型，但不規(guī)定方法主體。接口也包含了基本數(shù)據(jù)類型的數(shù)據(jù)成員，但它們都默認(rèn)為static和final。接口只提供一種形式，并不提供實(shí)施的細(xì)節(jié)。接口這樣描述自己：“對于實(shí)現(xiàn)我的所有類，看起來都應(yīng)該象我現(xiàn)在這個(gè)樣子”。因此，采用了一個(gè)特定接口的所有代碼都知道對于那個(gè)接口可能會調(diào)用什么方法。這便是接口的全部含義。所以我們常把接口用于建立類和類之間的一個(gè)“協(xié)議”。

20、有些面向?qū)ο蟮某绦蛟O(shè)計(jì)語言采用了一個(gè)名為“protocol”（協(xié)議）的關(guān)鍵字，它做的便是與接口相同的事情。為創(chuàng)建一個(gè)接口，請使用interface關(guān)鍵字，而不要用class。與類相似，我們可在interface關(guān)鍵字的前面增加一個(gè)public關(guān)鍵字（但只有接口定義于同名的一個(gè)文件內(nèi)）；或者將其省略，營造一種“友好的”狀態(tài)。為了生成與一個(gè)特定的接口（或一組接口）相符的類，要使用implements（實(shí)現(xiàn)）關(guān)鍵字。我們要表達(dá)的意思是“接口看起來就象那個(gè)樣子，這兒是它具體的工作細(xì)節(jié)”。除這些之外，我們其他的工作都與繼承極為相似。l 第一個(gè)類中無參數(shù)構(gòu)造函數(shù)是否起作用，是否可以刪除不用？初始化tota

21、lSeconds，不能刪除。l 類中的屬性在哪里被應(yīng)用到？需要輸出的時(shí)候用到。Console.WriteLine(time.Seconds);l 第一個(gè)類中哪些成員被繼承，列出所有？totalSeconds l 第二個(gè)類中構(gòu)造方法成員如何實(shí)現(xiàn)，有何意義？可以去掉么？調(diào)用基類的構(gòu)造函數(shù)。起到代碼重用的作用。public TimeSpanAdvanced(uint initialSeconds) : base(initialSeconds)l 第二個(gè)類覆蓋第一個(gè)類中接口虛方法，程序體現(xiàn)了什么功能區(qū)別？l Sorter類有何作用？你能否根據(jù)Sorter類寫一個(gè)十個(gè)數(shù)比較大小的冒泡法程序？l Sort

22、er類中for (int i = 0; swapped; i+)和 /for (int i = 0; i< bubbles.Length; i+)兩行是否作用相同？l 你知道Console.WriteLine("run outter");和Console.WriteLine("run inner");在程序運(yùn)行過程中可以起到什么作用？l 將Main方法中的TimeSpan對象語句（注釋掉的5行）和TimeSpanAdvanced對象語句選擇輪流注釋，體驗(yàn)排序結(jié)果的異同。l 語句Sorter.BubbleSortAscending(raceTimes

23、);前后的foreach語句功能區(qū)別。using System;public interface IComparable int CompareTo(IComparable comp);public class TimeSpan : IComparable private uint totalSeconds; public TimeSpan() totalSeconds = 0; public TimeSpan(uint initialSeconds) totalSeconds = initialSeconds; public uint Seconds get return totalSeco

24、nds; set totalSeconds = value; public virtual int CompareTo(IComparable comp) TimeSpan compareTime = (TimeSpan)comp; if (totalSeconds > compareTime.Seconds) return 1; else if (compareTime.Seconds = totalSeconds) return 0; else return -1; public class TimeSpanAdvanced : TimeSpan public TimeSpanAdv

25、anced(uint initialSeconds): base(initialSeconds) / public override int CompareTo(IComparable comp) TimeSpan compareTime = (TimeSpan)comp; if (base.Seconds > compareTime.Seconds) if (base.Seconds > (compareTime.Seconds + 50) return 2; else return 1; else if (base.Seconds < compareTime.Second

26、s) if (base.Seconds < (compareTime.Seconds - 50) return -2; else return -1; else return 0; class Sorter / Sort the comparable elements of an array in ascending order public static void BubbleSortAscending(IComparable bubbles) bool swapped = true; for (int i = 0; swapped; i+) /for (int i = 0; i<

27、; bubbles.Length; i+) Console.WriteLine("run outter"); swapped = false; for (int j = 0; j < (bubbles.Length - (i + 1); j+) if (bubblesj.CompareTo(bubblesj + 1) > 0) Console.WriteLine("run inner"); Swap(j, j + 1, bubbles); swapped = true; /Swap two elements of an array publi

28、c static void Swap(int first, int second, IComparable arr) IComparable temp; temp = arrfirst; arrfirst = arrsecond; arrsecond = temp; class Tester public static void Main() /TimeSpan raceTimes = new TimeSpan4; /raceTimes0 = new TimeSpan(153); /raceTimes1 = new TimeSpan(165); /raceTimes2 = new TimeSp

29、an(142); /raceTimes3 = new TimeSpan(108); TimeSpanAdvanced raceTimes = new TimeSpanAdvanced4; raceTimes0 = new TimeSpanAdvanced(153); raceTimes1 = new TimeSpanAdvanced(165); raceTimes2 = new TimeSpanAdvanced(142); raceTimes3 = new TimeSpanAdvanced(108); foreach (TimeSpan time in raceTimes) Console.W

30、riteLine(time.Seconds); Sorter.BubbleSortAscending(raceTimes); Console.WriteLine("List of sorted time spans:"); foreach (TimeSpan time in raceTimes) Console.WriteLine(time.Seconds); Console.ReadLine(); 運(yùn)行結(jié)果：6. 一個(gè)強(qiáng)大而復(fù)雜的銀行模擬程序：模擬一個(gè)持有若干銀行賬號的銀行，銀行帳戶可以通過控制臺窗口提供的一個(gè)簡單用戶界面來訪問和操作。用戶通過發(fā)出簡單命令必須能：開始指定

31、由銀行管理的賬戶數(shù)；在指定帳戶上存款；從指定帳戶上提款；設(shè)置指定帳戶的利率；將利息加到所有帳戶上；打印帳戶結(jié)算；打印支付給每個(gè)帳戶的利息；打印每個(gè)帳戶的利率；結(jié)束模擬。軟件分析：確定兩個(gè)明顯的類：Account和Bank及將二者功能對應(yīng)的包含Main方法的BankSimulation；Account帳戶類包含實(shí)例變量：結(jié)算總額，當(dāng)前利率，總支付利息；另外帳戶類應(yīng)含有對帳戶結(jié)算增減、利率計(jì)算等的方法；所有實(shí)例變量在構(gòu)造函數(shù)中被初始化。Bank類的實(shí)例變量：一個(gè)帳戶數(shù)組，先要求輸入帳戶數(shù)組元素個(gè)數(shù)；通過構(gòu)造方法初始化帳戶數(shù)組。其它涉及信息都可以在帳戶類生成的對象里獲得；因?yàn)锳ccount對象內(nèi)一般

32、實(shí)例變量為private，無法被外部訪問，所以Bank類要想訪問，可以用屬性或存取器、變異器方法。如currentInterestRate用setInterestRate和GetInterestRate來對當(dāng)前利率賦值和讀取，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)通過存取器對私有變量的外部訪問。Balance和totalInterestPaid也分別通過響應(yīng)的存取方法返回值。注意：設(shè)第一個(gè)帳戶account number為1，其對應(yīng)的數(shù)組索引為0，所以，Bank類中有accountsaccountNumber - 1的應(yīng)用。BankSimulation僅需要一個(gè)實(shí)例變量，一個(gè)Bank對象，其它對應(yīng)到前兩個(gè)類中；示例代碼如下

33、，閱讀后回答問題：using System;class Account private decimal balance; private decimal currentInterestRate; private decimal totalInterestPaid; public Account() balance = 0; currentInterestRate = 0; totalInterestPaid = 0; public void SetInterestRate(decimal newInterestRate) currentInterestRate = newInterestRat

34、e; public decimal GetInterestRate() return currentInterestRate; public void UpdateInterest() totalInterestPaid += balance * currentInterestRate; balance += balance * currentInterestRate; public void Withdraw (decimal amount) balance -= amount; public void Deposit (decimal amount) balance += amount;

35、public decimal GetBalance() return balance; public decimal GetTotalInterestPaid() return totalInterestPaid; class Bank private Account accounts; public Bank() Console.WriteLine("Congratulations! You have created a new bank"); Console.Write("Please enter number of accounts in bank: &qu

36、ot;); accounts = new AccountConvert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine(); for (int i = 0; i < accounts.Length; i+) accountsi = new Account(); public void Deposit() int accountNumber; decimal amount; Console.Write("Deposit. Please enter account number: "); accountNumber = Convert.ToInt32(Console.R

37、eadLine(); Console.Write("Enter amount to deposit: "); amount = Convert.ToDecimal(Console.ReadLine(); accountsaccountNumber - 1.Deposit(amount); Console.WriteLine("New balance of account 0: 1:C", accountNumber, accountsaccountNumber - 1.GetBalance(); public void Withdraw() int ac

38、countNumber; decimal amount; Console.Write("Withdraw. Please enter account number: "); accountNumber = Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine(); Console.Write("Enter amount to withdraw: "); amount = Convert.ToDecimal(Console.ReadLine(); accountsaccountNumber - 1.Withdraw(amount); Conso

39、le.WriteLine("New balance of account 0: 1:C", accountNumber, accountsaccountNumber - 1.GetBalance(); /注意，1：C這里代表本位置上輸出的數(shù)字以貨幣形式顯式。如$100. public void SetInterestRate() int accountNumber; decimal newInterestRate; Console.Write("Set interest rate. Please enter account number: "); acc

40、ountNumber = Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine(); Console.Write("Enter interest rate: "); newInterestRate = Convert.ToDecimal(Console.ReadLine(); accountsaccountNumber - 1.SetInterestRate(newInterestRate); public void PrintAllInterestRates() Console.WriteLine("Interest rates for all ac

41、counts:"); for (int i = 0; i < accounts.Length; i+) Console.WriteLine("Account 0,-3: 1,-10", (i + 1), accountsi.GetInterestRate(); public void PrintAllBalances() Console.WriteLine("Account balances for all accounts:"); for (int i = 0; i < accounts.Length; i+) Console.W

42、riteLine("Account 0,-3: 1,12:C", (i + 1), accountsi.GetBalance(); public void PrintTotalInterestPaidAllAccounts() Console.WriteLine("Total interest paid for each individual account"); for (int i = 0; i < accounts.Length; i+) Console.WriteLine("Account 0,-3: 1,12:C",

43、(i + 1), accountsi.GetTotalInterestPaid(); public void UpdateInterestAllAccounts() for (int i = 0; i < accounts.Length; i+) Console.WriteLine("Interest added to account number 0,-3: 1,12:C", (i + 1), accountsi.GetBalance() * accountsi.GetInterestRate(); accountsi.UpdateInterest(); class

44、 BankSimulation private static Bank bigBucksBank; public static void Main() string command; bigBucksBank = new Bank(); do PrintMenu(); command = Console.ReadLine().ToUpper(); switch (command) case "D": bigBucksBank.Deposit(); break; case "W": bigBucksBank.Withdraw(); break; case "S": bigBucksBank.SetInterestRate(); break; case "U": bigBucksBank.UpdateInterestAllAccounts(); break; case "P": bigBucksBank.PrintAllBalances(); break; case "T": bigBucksBank.PrintT