中考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)專題講與練： 陳述句和祈使句（含詳解）

1、陳述句和祈使句陳述句和祈使句知識精講一、陳述句1. 陳述句概念和基本類型陳述句是用來陳述一件事或表達一種看法的句子。根據(jù)句中動詞的類型和后接賓語的情況，通常又可將陳述句劃分成一下五種形式：類型常見謂語動詞例句主語+不及物動詞S+Visleep, walk, happen, come,go, stay, arrive, laugh,等The boy slept for a long time.那個男孩睡了很久。主語+及物動詞+賓語S+Vt+Oraise, call, meet, eat, leave等Everyone knows the rule.每個人都知道這個規(guī)則。主語+及物動詞+雙賓語S+

2、Vt+O+Ogive pass, lend, send, show,buy, make, find, draw等Tommy gave me a present yesterday.湯米昨天送給我一個禮物。主語+及物動詞+賓語+補語S+Vt+O+Cmake, call, find, have, ask,tell, keep, want, hear等He found the movie interesting.他發(fā)現(xiàn)這部電影很有意思。主語+系動詞+表語S+V(系動詞)+Pbe, become, look, get, feel,see, turn, keep, sound等Tony felt hap

3、py.托尼感到很開心。注：S：主語；Vi：不及物動詞；Vt：及物動詞；P：表語；O：賓語；C：賓語補足語。2. 陳述句的否定結(jié)構(gòu)陳述句的否定一般否定在be動詞，助動詞或情態(tài)動詞上，如：I am not a doctor but a teacher.我不是一名醫(yī)生而是一個老師。I havent finished my homework yet.我還沒完成我的作業(yè)。I cant do it by myself.我不能獨立完成。在以下幾種情況下，句子否定比較特殊，需要特別注意。1). 含有have的否定句(1). have作實意動詞，表“有”或“吃”時，否定在前，根據(jù)時態(tài)用dont, doesnt或

4、didnt否定，如：I didnt have lunch today.今天我沒吃午飯。(2). have作為助動詞，即在完成時中，否定直接用havent既可，如：I havent been to China yet.我還沒去過中國。2). 含有all, both, each, bothand等的肯定句中，加not為部分否定；若表示全部否定需要把上述詞變成否定形式，即no, no one, nobody, none, neither, neithernor等詞，如：肯定：Both Tom and Jack are good students.湯姆和杰克都是好學(xué)生。否定：Neither Tom n

5、or Jack is good student.湯姆和杰克都不是好學(xué)生。3). 句中含有already（已經(jīng)），too（也）的肯定句加not變?yōu)榉穸ň鋾r，要分別把already和too變?yōu)閥et和either，如：肯定：He has already finished his homework.他已經(jīng)完成了他的作業(yè)。否定：He hasnt finished his work yet.他尚未完成作業(yè)。4). 含有always, many, much, often等詞的肯定句可直接用never(hardly), few, little, seldom變?yōu)榉穸ň?，而不用加not，如：肯定：He alw

6、ays gets up early in the morning.他早上總是早起。否定：He never gets up early in the morning.他早上從不早起。5). 在謂語動詞是think，believe，suppose的賓語從句中，否定賓語從句，應(yīng)該將否定放在主語，如：肯定：I think you are right.我認為你是對的。否定：I dont think you are right.我認為你不對。二、祈使句祈使句表示命令、請求、建議或勸告等。主語通常為第二人稱，且被省略，謂語動詞用原形，巨末用感嘆號或句號，讀降調(diào)，如：Dont be late! 不要遲到?。?/p>

7、令語氣）Close the window, please. 請關(guān)一下窗子。（請求）注：祈使句中謂語動詞無時態(tài)和數(shù)的變化，形式統(tǒng)一，肯定結(jié)構(gòu)主要有以下下幾種：結(jié)構(gòu)例句動詞原形+賓語+其他Give it to me. 把它給我。Be+表語+其他Be careful! 小心點！Let +賓語+動詞原形+其他Lets go to the Beihai Park. 讓我們?nèi)ケ焙９珗@吧。Please+動詞原形+其他Please pass me the pen./ Pass me the pen, please. 請把筆遞給我。三點剖析一、重點：陳述句的五大基本結(jié)構(gòu)；陳述句的句型轉(zhuǎn)換；祈使句的含義。二、難點

8、：陳述句的否定。1. 否定大多時候是找原句中的助動詞作文章，如果有助動詞或be動詞就否定在它們身上，若沒有需要判斷時態(tài)和人稱，借助do, did, does進行否定；2. think等表觀點詞的否定轉(zhuǎn)移；3. eitheror等關(guān)聯(lián)詞的全否定。三、拓展考點：1. 陳述句轉(zhuǎn)換為疑問句。疑問句部分會詳細介紹不同類型的疑問句，此處提一句陳述句如何轉(zhuǎn)換成疑問句。主要有以下兩個原則：1). 若陳述句中有be動詞、情態(tài)動詞、助動詞，我們只要把這次詞提到主語前即實現(xiàn)了句型的轉(zhuǎn)換，如：陳述句：He is a good student. 他是一個好學(xué)生。疑問句：Is he a good student? 他是個

9、好學(xué)生么？2). 若陳述句中沒有上述這些詞，我們需要判斷時態(tài)和人稱，將do，did，does放與句首用于疑問，如：陳述句：He plays basketball well. 他籃球打的很好。疑問句：Does he play basketball well? 他籃球打的好么？2. 祈使句的否定1). 動詞和be動詞開頭的祈使句，否定直接在句首加Dont即可，如：Dont put it there, Sam. 別放在那，山姆。Dont be late again. 別再遲到了。2). “No+名詞或動名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，常用語生活中的警示語，如：No smoking in the library. 圖書館

10、禁止吸煙。題模精選題模一：陳述句例1.1.1 根據(jù)中文提示，完成句子。請把這封信寄給她。_.例1.1.2 將陳述句轉(zhuǎn)換為否定句。1. I have a lot of money. (轉(zhuǎn)換為否定句)_.2. All of us like this movie very much._.例1.1.3 將陳述句轉(zhuǎn)換為疑問句。1. He is going swimming this weekend._.2. He likes playing football very much._.題模二：祈使句例1.2.1 _ this rock music, please. Im afraid some peopl

11、e cant stand the noise!A StoppingB StopC StopsD Stopped例1.2.2 Jack, _, or you will get heavier.A doesnt play sports any moreB doesnt eat so much meatC dont play sports any moreD dont eat so much meat例1.2.3 根據(jù)中英文提示，完成句子。我們不要大聲說話。（let）_.隨堂練習(xí)隨練1.1 I_ his name.A do not knowB no knowC know notD know no隨練

12、1.2 She told us an interesting story yesterday. It made all of us _.A to laughB to be laughingC laughedD laughing隨練1.3 The boy was badly ill. He must be _ immediately.A sent to the hospitalB sent hospitalC sending to the hospitalD sending hospital隨練1.4 句型轉(zhuǎn)換1. Sometimes you are supposed to come early

13、. (改為否定句)_.2. Both the students and their teacher enjoy this book. (改為否定句)_.3. Will you please read it again more slowly? (改為祈使句)_.4. Please sit next to Nancy. (改為否定句)_.5. If you dont listen to me, Ill go. (改為祈使句)_.隨練1.5 _ me the truth, or Ill be angry.A TellingB To tellC ToldD Tell隨練1.6 _ late agai

14、n, Bill!A Dont to beB Dont beC Not beD Be not自我總結(jié)課后作業(yè)作業(yè)1 I _ my homework yet.A not have finishedB havent finishedC have no finishedD dont have finished作業(yè)2 The tea _ good.A soundB tasteC soundsD tastes作業(yè)3 When you leave the classroom, please keep the door _.A to closeB closeC closedD closing作業(yè)4 句型轉(zhuǎn)換1

15、. He did some work this morning. (改為否定句)_.2. Neither Jane nor Maria can speak Chinese very well. (改為肯定句)_.3. The teachers often tell the students not to be careless. (改為祈使句)_.4. If you move, youll die. (改為祈使句)_.5. David has some Chinese lessons every week. (改為一般疑問句)_.作業(yè)5 _ cross the road until the t

16、raffic lights turn green.A NotB WontC DoesntD Dont作業(yè)6 Kate, _ your homework here tomorrow.A bringB bringsC to bringD bringing答案解析陳述句和祈使句題模精選題模一：陳述句例1.1.1【答案】 Send this letter to her, please./ Send her this letter, please.【解析】 考查主謂雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)和祈使句。send為主謂雙賓動詞，用send sth. to sb./ send sb. sth.；本句為祈使句，please加后面

17、，要用逗號與主句隔開。例1.1.2【答案】 1. I dont have a lot of money.2. None of us like(s) this movie.【解析】 1. 考查陳述句轉(zhuǎn)換否定句。have作實意動詞，最簡單的方法就是用dont否定在前。2. 考查陳述句轉(zhuǎn)換否定句。all的全否定要用none，若用not all則表示“不都是”意思有差別。例1.1.3【答案】 1. Is he going swimming this weekend?2. Does he like playing football very much?【解析】 1. 考查陳述句轉(zhuǎn)換疑問句。句中有be動詞

18、的陳述句，直接提前就可以變成疑問句。2. 考查陳述句轉(zhuǎn)換疑問句。陳述句中沒有be動詞，情態(tài)動詞或助動詞，疑問句用do的相應(yīng)時態(tài)，人稱，提前到主語前。題模二：祈使句例1.2.1【答案】B【解析】 考查祈使句。以動詞開頭的祈使句，動詞用原形，不受時態(tài)人稱限制，故選B。例1.2.2【答案】D【解析】 考查祈使句的否定。根據(jù)句意：杰克，別再吃了，否則你會變得更重。排除AC；祈使句中否定用dont，故選D。例1.2.3【答案】 Lets not speak loudly.【解析】 考查祈使句特殊否定。let sb do結(jié)構(gòu)中，否定為不定式的否定，在do前直接加not。隨堂練習(xí)隨練1.1【答案】A【解析】

19、 考查陳述句的否定。本句沒有助動詞，否定根據(jù)事態(tài)用dont, didnt, doesnt否定在謂語動詞前，故選A。隨練1.2【答案】D【解析】 考查陳述句基本結(jié)構(gòu)。本句為主謂賓賓補結(jié)構(gòu)，空中缺少補語，make后若用不定式要省略to，排除AB；本句中是讓我們大家大笑，動詞要變成分詞來充當(dāng)補語，又此處笑為主動，用現(xiàn)在分詞，故選D。隨練1.3【答案】A【解析】 考查陳述句結(jié)構(gòu)和被動語態(tài)。本句為主謂雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)，即send sb. to sp.；為被動，故選A。隨練1.4【答案】 1. Sometimes you are not supposed to come early.2. Neither the

20、students nor their teacher enjoys this book.3. Please read it again more slowly,4. Dont sit next to Nancy, please.5. Listen to me please, or Ill go.【解析】 1. 考查陳述句的否定。本句中有系動詞are，直接否定即可。2. 考查陳述句否定。bothand并列主語否定需改為neithernor，且謂語動詞就近一致，用單數(shù)形式。3. 考查祈使句。祈使句省略第二人稱，用please或動詞原形開頭。4. 考查祈使句否定。祈使句否定直接在動詞前加dont。5. 考查祈使句和連詞。祈使句省略第二人稱，動詞原形開頭，后一句表示不這樣做的后果，所以用or連接，表“否則”。隨練1.5【答案】D【解析】 考查祈使句的肯定形式。祈使句省略第二人稱，用動詞原形表命令口吻，故選D。隨練1.6【答案】B【解析】 考查祈使句的否定。祈使句否定用dont否定在動詞前，故選B。作業(yè)1【答案】B【解析】 考查陳述句的否定。本句為完成時，含有助動詞have，直接否定在助動詞上就可以了，故選B。作業(yè)2【答案】D【解析】 考查陳述句結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：這茶喝著不錯。故排除AC；主語為單數(shù)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，故選D。作業(yè)3【答案】C【解析】 考查陳述句