GB/Z 44938.1-2024機械電氣安全第1部分：用于保護人員安全的傳感器

ICS29.020

CCSK09

中華人民共和國國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化指導(dǎo)性技術(shù)文件

GB/Z44938.1—2024/IECTS62998?1:2019

機械電氣安全第1部分：用于保護

人員安全的傳感器

Electricalsafetyofmachinery—Part1：Safety?relatedsensorsusedforthe

protectionofpersons

（IECTS62998?1：2019，Safetyofmachinery—Safety?relatedsensorsusedfor

theprotectionofpersons，IDT）

2024?12?31發(fā)布2025?07?01實施

國家市場監(jiān)督管理總局

國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化管理委員會發(fā)布

GB/Z44938.1—2024/IECTS62998?1:2019

目次

前言··························································································································Ⅴ

引言··························································································································Ⅵ

1范圍·······················································································································1

2規(guī)范性引用文件········································································································1

3術(shù)語和定義··············································································································2

3.1特性和性能········································································································3

3.2可信度··············································································································4

3.3規(guī)程和結(jié)構(gòu)的商議·······························································································5

3.4系統(tǒng)相關(guān)術(shù)語·····································································································7

3.5融合·················································································································8

3.6安全相關(guān)信息·····································································································8

3.7試驗················································································································10

3.8用戶類別··········································································································11

3.9驗證和確認(rèn)·······································································································12

4生命周期以及與安全相關(guān)控制系統(tǒng)（SCS）的相互聯(lián)系······················································13

4.1通則················································································································13

4.2危險和風(fēng)險分析·································································································15

4.3對應(yīng)SRS/SRSS性能等級····················································································16

5設(shè)計和開發(fā)階段······································································································17

5.1通則················································································································17

5.2SRS/SRSS功能································································································17

5.3設(shè)計分析··········································································································18

5.4模擬················································································································18

5.5感應(yīng)區(qū)·············································································································19

5.6安全相關(guān)區(qū)·······································································································19

5.7自動化相關(guān)區(qū)····································································································19

5.8檢測能力和可信性······························································································19

5.9用戶界面··········································································································23

6集成和安裝階段······································································································25

6.1通則················································································································25

6.2將SRS融合到一個SRSS中·················································································26

6.3用戶校準(zhǔn)··········································································································29

7工作、維護和修改階段·······························································································30

Ⅰ

GB/Z44938.1—2024/IECTS62998?1:2019

8驗證和確認(rèn)············································································································30

8.1通用要求··········································································································30

8.2SRS/SRSS的驗證·····························································································30

8.3SRS/SRSS的確認(rèn)·····························································································31

8.4分析················································································································32

8.5試驗················································································································33

9使用說明···············································································································35

附錄A（資料性）系統(tǒng)性能力的檢查················································································37

附錄B（資料性）用戶類別····························································································38

B.1SRS/SRSS用戶類別和本文件所涵蓋的用戶類別······················································38

B.2融合所涉及的用戶類別·······················································································38

附錄C（資料性）功能分解和/或整合··············································································41

附錄D（規(guī)范性）模擬模型的生成和應(yīng)用··········································································43

D.1概述···············································································································43

D.2使用建議·········································································································43

D.3模擬目標(biāo)及實現(xiàn)措施··························································································43

D.4驗證···············································································································44

附錄E（資料性）兒童屬性和行為···················································································46

E.1概述···············································································································46

E.2身體部位的尺寸································································································46

附錄F（資料性）環(huán)境影響····························································································50

F.1概述···············································································································50

F.2環(huán)境影響應(yīng)用示例1···························································································50

F.3環(huán)境影響應(yīng)用示例2···························································································51

附錄G（資料性）導(dǎo)致SRS/SRSS安全相關(guān)功能喪失的故障、失效和影響································53

G.1概述···············································································································53

G.2危險失效·········································································································55

G.3正常運行·········································································································56

G.4作為安全相關(guān)信息一部分的觸發(fā)故障反應(yīng)功能和置信度信息的信號······························56

附錄H（資料性）試驗因素····························································································58

H.1概述···············································································································58

H.2機械影響試驗···································································································58

附錄I（資料性）功能、安全相關(guān)信息和融合的示例·····························································61

I.1功能示例··········································································································61

I.2安全相關(guān)信息示例······························································································61

I.3融合示例··········································································································63

Ⅱ

GB/Z44938.1—2024/IECTS62998?1:2019

參考文獻····················································································································66

圖1測量準(zhǔn)確度和測量不確定度·····················································································4

圖2SRS結(jié)構(gòu)示例1···································································································13

圖3SRS結(jié)構(gòu)示例2···································································································14

圖4SRSS結(jié)構(gòu)示例···································································································14

圖5SRS/SRSS危險和風(fēng)險分析流程·············································································15

圖6SRS/SRSS的安全相關(guān)信息···················································································24

圖A.1使用安全相關(guān)傳感器標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對系統(tǒng)性能力進行檢查的示例············································37

圖C.1功能和物體之間的相互聯(lián)系················································································41

圖C.2在SRSS中執(zhí)行的功能示例················································································42

圖D.1驗證流程········································································································45

圖E.1兒童身高·········································································································47

圖E.2兒童胸深·········································································································47

圖E.3兒童頭寬·········································································································48

圖E.4兒童頭長·········································································································49

圖G.1因喪失或繞過安全功能而導(dǎo)致額外風(fēng)險的故障、失效或錯誤組合··································53

圖G.2在設(shè)計和開發(fā)階段防止因危險失效而導(dǎo)致系統(tǒng)性故障的系統(tǒng)性能力分析·······················54

圖G.3針對導(dǎo)致故障反應(yīng)功能的系統(tǒng)性故障的應(yīng)對方式·····················································56

圖G.4針對產(chǎn)生相關(guān)置信度信息的錯誤的應(yīng)對方式···························································56

圖I.1SRS在道路交叉口的應(yīng)用示例··············································································61

圖I.2提供判定和置信度信息的SRS/SRSS示例······························································62

圖I.3SRS/SRSS提供測量和置信度信息的示例·······························································62

圖I.4將2個SRS融合到一個SRSS以產(chǎn)生組合感應(yīng)區(qū)的第一個示例···································63

圖I.5SRS安全相關(guān)信息的融合····················································································64

圖I.6根據(jù)SRS使用說明和SRSS安全要求規(guī)范進行的驗證和確認(rèn)方法································64

圖I.7將2個SRS融合到一個SRSS以產(chǎn)生組合感應(yīng)區(qū)的第二個示例···································65

表1所需要的最低SRS/SRSS性能等級與安全性能等級之間的對應(yīng)關(guān)系·······························16

表2SRS/SRSS功能（在適當(dāng)?shù)那闆r下）··········································································18

表3包含環(huán)境要求的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)····························································································21

表4在高要求模式下因環(huán)境干擾導(dǎo)致危險失效（檢測能力喪失）的限值···································22

表5在高要求率條件下所需要的最低包含概率/判定概率····················································25

表6兩個SRS融合之后所適用的SRSS最高性能等級·······················································28

表7用于評估驗證措施和驗證結(jié)果的方法·······································································31

表8需要提供的使用說明概覽······················································································36

Ⅲ

GB/Z44938.1—2024/IECTS62998?1:2019

表B.1各種用戶類別的角色和任務(wù)·················································································38

表B.2（使用檢測單元、SRS/SRSS元件或SRS子系統(tǒng)的）不同集成類型所涉及的用戶類別········39

表D.1低復(fù)雜度SRS/SRSS的模擬目標(biāo)與措施································································43

表D.2高復(fù)雜度SRS/SRSS的模擬目標(biāo)與措施································································44

表E.1兒童身高·········································································································46

表E.2兒童胸深·········································································································47

表E.3兒童頭寬·········································································································48

表E.4兒童頭長·········································································································48

表F.1符合IEC60721?3?5的環(huán)境影響和等級示例1···························································50

表F.2符合IEC60721?3?3的環(huán)境影響和等級示例2··························································52

表G.1表G.2數(shù)值計算所使用的要求率··········································································55

表G.2高要求率條件下因環(huán)境影響所導(dǎo)致的危險失效（檢測能力喪失）限值·····························55

表H.1機械影響試驗的試驗計劃和試驗結(jié)果示例······························································59

Ⅳ

GB/Z44938.1—2024/IECTS62998?1:2019

前言

本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化工作導(dǎo)則第1部分：標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化文件的結(jié)構(gòu)和起草規(guī)則》的規(guī)

定起草。

本文件是GB/Z44938《機械電氣安全》的第1部分。GB/Z44938已經(jīng)發(fā)布了以下部分：

——第1部分：用于保護人員安全的傳感器；

——第2部分：保護人員安全的傳感器的應(yīng)用示例。

本文件等同采用IECTS62998?1：2019《機械安全用于保護人員安全的傳感器》。文件類型由

IEC的技術(shù)規(guī)范調(diào)整為我國的國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化指導(dǎo)性技術(shù)文件。

本文件做了下列最小限度的編輯性改動：

——為與現(xiàn)有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)協(xié)調(diào)，將標(biāo)準(zhǔn)名稱改為《機械電氣安全第1部分：用于保護人員安全的傳

感器》；

——附錄E增加了注，補充說明中國兒童屬性和行為測量數(shù)據(jù)信息。

請注意本文件的某些內(nèi)容可能涉及專利。本文件的發(fā)布機構(gòu)不承擔(dān)識別專利的責(zé)任。

本文件由中國機械工業(yè)聯(lián)合會提出。

本文件由全國工業(yè)機械電氣系統(tǒng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化技術(shù)委員會（SAC/TC231）歸口。

本文件起草單位：北京機床研究所有限公司、西安交通大學(xué)、中國石油大學(xué)（北京）、廈門夏博電子

科技有限公司、廣東拓斯達科技股份有限公司、永林電子股份有限公司、上海長江汲智傳感技術(shù)有限公

司、鄭州煤機智能工作面科技有限公司。

本文件主要起草人：薛瑞娟、王金江、吳翟、張穎、林啟敬、黃祖廣、趙立波、吳怡然、張培森、高知國、

王楚婷、羅國希、李詩文、梁振鋒、林啟程、薛文鋒、張文琦。

Ⅴ

GB/Z44938.1—2024/IECTS62998?1:2019

引言

安全相關(guān)傳感器主要用于存在人員受傷風(fēng)險的機械設(shè)備上。安全相關(guān)傳感器可使機器在有人處

于危險狀況前回復(fù)到安全狀態(tài)，從而實現(xiàn)人員保護。目前，傳感器行業(yè)主要使用通用功能安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

IEC61508系列標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，或者具體領(lǐng)域的機械標(biāo)準(zhǔn)IEC62061和ISO13849系列標(biāo)準(zhǔn)作為安全相關(guān)產(chǎn)品

的設(shè)計指南，但這些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)并未就對于在特定環(huán)境條件下如何避免設(shè)計失敗或無法檢測指定物體，給出

足夠的指導(dǎo)，可能導(dǎo)致無法承受的人員風(fēng)險。GB/Z44938明確了傳感器或傳感器系統(tǒng)的功能安全，規(guī)

范了傳感器和傳感器系統(tǒng)在系統(tǒng)性方面的開發(fā)與集成的要求，填補了具體傳感器設(shè)計標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與電氣、電

子和可編程電子控制系統(tǒng)的通用功能安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)之間系統(tǒng)性能力驗證方面的空白，GB/Z44938擬由

3個部分組成。

——第1部分：用于保護人員安全的傳感器。目的在于提高我國機械電氣設(shè)備的安全水平，保障

相關(guān)從業(yè)人員的人身安全，指導(dǎo)保護人員安全的傳感器的設(shè)計制造與生產(chǎn)使用過程，規(guī)范保

護人員安全的傳感器的功能、安全及試驗要求。

——第2部分：保護人員安全的傳感器的應(yīng)用示例。目的在于為使用第1部分提供指南和應(yīng)用

示例。

——第3部分：傳感器技術(shù)和算法。目的在于指導(dǎo)如何正確實施算法以防止人們承受不可容忍的

風(fēng)險。

GB/Z44938可提高傳感器或傳感系統(tǒng)的功能安全水平，為安全相關(guān)傳感器制造商和安全相關(guān)傳

感器系統(tǒng)集成商提供指導(dǎo)。

Ⅵ