高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法--名詞性從句的用法

1、語(yǔ)序問(wèn)題語(yǔ)序問(wèn)題特殊句式特殊句式引導(dǎo)詞的區(qū)分引導(dǎo)詞的區(qū)分種類種類名詞性從句1.What life will be like is difficult to predict. 2.Some people feel that Wales is an ancient fairy land.3. The news that the plan would take off on time made everybody happy4. His suggestion is that we should go there together.主語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句I

2、 名詞性從句的種類名詞性從句的種類1.The photographs will show you _ （NMET89） A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like v2.You can hardly imagine _when he heard the news .vA. how he was excitedvB. how was he excitedvC. how excited

3、 he wasvD. he was how excited3.He asked_for a violin.（NMET92） A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid 歸納歸納: 名詞性從句的語(yǔ)序名詞性從句的語(yǔ)序1、名詞性從句都用、名詞性從句都用陳述語(yǔ)序陳述語(yǔ)序，即把引導(dǎo)詞放在從句開(kāi)頭，后邊采用，即把引導(dǎo)詞放在從句開(kāi)頭，后邊采用“主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)。結(jié)構(gòu)。2、感嘆句變?yōu)橘e語(yǔ)從句，也應(yīng)用、感嘆句變?yōu)橘e語(yǔ)從句，也應(yīng)用陳述語(yǔ)序陳述語(yǔ)序。You dont know how ha

4、ppy they were to see each other. .名詞性從句的連接詞名詞性從句的連接詞一、主語(yǔ)從句一、主語(yǔ)從句連詞連詞that(無(wú)詞義無(wú)詞義, 不作成分不作成分, 不能省略不能省略);whether(是否是否),不用不用if.That he will come and help us is certain.Whether we will succeed is still a question.注意注意: : 已確定的事由已確定的事由thatthat引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo); ; 沒(méi)決定的事由沒(méi)決定的事由whetherwhether引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo). . 3.連接副詞連接副詞when(ever), w

5、here(ever), why, how(ever), how long, how often, how soon, how far等等.When the test will be given is not yet decided.How long we will discuss must be agreed on.2. 連接代詞連接代詞what, whatever, who, whoever, whose, which, whichever, how many 等等.What he is has nothing to do with you.Whose ticket this is has

6、not been found out.It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey.（MET92） Awhile B.that Cif Dfor_ breaks the law will be punished.A WhoB WhoeverC No matter whoD Anyonewhoever=anyone who Can you understand them? It is well- known/ reported/ thought/ believed/ felt/ said/ that It is clear/necessary/

7、certain/true/ doubtful/ that It is a pity/a shame/an honor/ that It seems/appears that It (so) happens that It doesnt matter whether 為了使句子保持平衡，常用為了使句子保持平衡，常用_來(lái)代替主語(yǔ)從句或賓語(yǔ)從句，而把主語(yǔ)來(lái)代替主語(yǔ)從句或賓語(yǔ)從句，而把主語(yǔ)從句或賓語(yǔ)從句放到從句或賓語(yǔ)從句放到_，尤其是連，尤其是連詞詞that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句常用于此種句式引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句常用于此種句式中，但中，但what，whatever，whoever，whichever引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句一

8、般不后置。引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句一般不后置。 歸納歸納 it后面后面二二. 賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句1. 由連詞由連詞that 引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo): that ?？墒÷猿？墒÷浴e realized (that) he had made a mistake.注：并列第二個(gè)以上的賓語(yǔ)從句注：并列第二個(gè)以上的賓語(yǔ)從句, ,或有插入語(yǔ)或有插入語(yǔ)時(shí)不能省略時(shí)不能省略that.)that.)He said （that）he had finished reading this novel and that he would borrow another one.用用it 作形式賓語(yǔ)作形式賓語(yǔ), that引導(dǎo)的真正的賓語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)的

9、真正的賓語(yǔ)從句放后面時(shí)放后面時(shí), that 不省略不省略.Our professor thought it important that we should read widely.2. 由由wh-(where, what, who, how, when,whether等等)引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)。引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)。We dont know where he lives.He told me how he used the computer.They didnt know whether their parents would come to the class meeting. 1. 1. 介詞后的賓從介詞后

10、的賓從. .Everything depends on whether it is fine tomorrow.2. whether or not的賓從的賓從. .I dont know whether or not shell like it. 3. 復(fù)合不定式只能用復(fù)合不定式只能用whether. Tell us whether to go or stay here. whether 與與if 有時(shí)可以換用，但下列情況只能用有時(shí)可以換用，但下列情況只能用whether. .歸納賓語(yǔ)從句須注意1.語(yǔ)序語(yǔ)序:使用陳述語(yǔ)序;2.呼應(yīng)呼應(yīng):時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng);3.引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞:陳述句用that,一般問(wèn)句用i

11、f或whether,特殊問(wèn)句用原疑問(wèn)詞;4.語(yǔ)氣語(yǔ)氣:虛擬語(yǔ)氣,句子涉及insist; order, command; suggest, advise, propose; ask, demand, desire, require; necessary, important, natural, a pity等.三三. 表語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞與主語(yǔ)從句和賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞與主語(yǔ)從句和賓語(yǔ)從句相同從句相同. . 但但: 1. : 1. that引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)不能省引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)不能省. . 2. 2. if不能引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)使用不能引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)使用whether;whether; 3

12、3as if可使用?？墒褂?。 The news that another power station will be built cheered all the villagers. Word came that man had landed on the moon. 四四. 同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句一般跟在名詞同位語(yǔ)從句一般跟在名詞fact, news, word,promise,truth,belief, thought, idea,view,idea,answer, information, knowledge, hope, law, opinion, plan, suggesti

13、on； doubt, problem, puzzle等后面后面, , 用以說(shuō)明或解釋前面的中心名詞用以說(shuō)明或解釋前面的中心名詞. .注注: 1. 1. 同位語(yǔ)從句多用同位語(yǔ)從句多用that 引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)2. 2. 在在have no idea 之后常用之后常用wh-引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句. I have no idea where he lives.I have no idea when he will come.I have no idea what he did.w 1. that 與 what w 2. if 與 whether w 3. who 與 whoever w what 與

14、whateverIV引導(dǎo)詞的區(qū)分引導(dǎo)詞的區(qū)分I. 在下列各句空格中填入在下列各句空格中填入what 或或that： 1. _ you are doing seems very difficult . 2. _ Tom will refuse the offer is unlikely . 3. _ the prisoner escaped by the back door is quite clear . 4. He is greatly interested in _ the teacher teaches . 5. They will be very thankful for _ you

15、can give them . 6. The student always pays attention to _ the teachers say . WhatThatThatwhatwhatwhat that 和和 what二者都引導(dǎo)這些從句，主要區(qū)別在于：二者都引導(dǎo)這些從句，主要區(qū)別在于：that是連詞，在從句中既不充當(dāng)成分又沒(méi)有意義是連詞，在從句中既不充當(dāng)成分又沒(méi)有意義 The fact is that he hasnt yet recovered from illness. The reason why he has to go is that his mother is ill i

16、n bed.what是連接代詞既起連接作用，又充當(dāng)句子是連接代詞既起連接作用，又充當(dāng)句子成分。成分。What he said at the meeting made us surprised.1）_ you dont like him is none of my business. （S 92) A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether 2)_ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present. ( 93) A.What B. That C. The fact D. The matter 3) Theres a f

17、eeling in me _ well never know what a UFO is - not ever. ( s2002） A. that B. which C. of which D. what 1._the company will buy her a mobile phone has not been decided. 2.The question is _ he will help us 3.I worry about _I hurt her feelings . 4.I wonder_ he will attend the meeting or not.Whetherwhet

18、herwhether whether/if4. It depends on _ we will have enough money.5. _ they can do it matters little to us.6._ you are not free tomorrow , Ill go without you.whetherWhetherIf 2.if 和和 whether下列情況用下列情況用whether而不用而不用if:1)引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句（位于句首）、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)；引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句（位于句首）、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)；Whether well go to climb the hil

19、l depends on the weather.The question is whether it is worth doing.The question whether we need it has not been decided.2)做介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)；做介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)；Im worried about whether he can arrive in time.3)引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句緊跟引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句緊跟or not 時(shí)；時(shí)；Please tell me whether or not you agree.4)與不定式連用時(shí)，只能用與不定式連用時(shí)，只能用whether;I dont know wh

20、ether to accept or refuse.5)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞discuss 后引出的賓語(yǔ)從句；后引出的賓語(yǔ)從句；Lets discuss whether we shall go by plane.6)賓語(yǔ)從句本身是否定句時(shí)；賓語(yǔ)從句本身是否定句時(shí)；I dont care whether he doesnt come.注意：在條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，表示注意：在條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，表示“如果如果”時(shí)，用時(shí)，用if不用不用whether.1._ the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet.( 92) A. Whenever

21、 B. If C.Whether D.That 2._ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A. If B.Whether C. That D.Wherev1._ was said here must be kept secret.v2. _we need is more time.v3._ made the long distance call to him is not important.v4._ breaks the law will be punished. WhateverWhatWhoWhoever whoever, w

22、hatever, whichever等既可以等既可以引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)名詞性從句名詞性從句，也可以引導(dǎo)，也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從讓步狀語(yǔ)從句句，語(yǔ)氣比較強(qiáng)，語(yǔ)氣比較強(qiáng),而而 no matter 加疑問(wèn)詞只加疑問(wèn)詞只能引導(dǎo)能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。從句。另外另外what, who引導(dǎo)名詞性從句引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,但是語(yǔ)氣比但是語(yǔ)氣比較弱較弱.1._ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.(s99)A.Who B. The one C. Anyone D. Whoever2. Sarah hopes to become a friend of

23、 _ shares her interests.A.anyone B. whomever C.whoever D.no matter who 3.These wild flowers are so special, I would do _ I can to save them. A. whatever B. that C. which D. whichever 4. It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants.（NMET97） A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever 5. _ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.（MET88） A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who 1.The question is _ the film is worth seeing Aif Bwhat Cwhether Dhow 2.One of the men held the