新題型03-應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作-浙江高考英語(yǔ)新題型研讀與訓(xùn)練

1、新題型03 應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作 2021年10月起，浙江省高考英語(yǔ)科目啟用了新題型，其中寫(xiě)作分為兩局部，第一局部為應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作，要求考生根據(jù)所給情景，寫(xiě)一篇80詞左右的短文?！绢}型分析】應(yīng)用文屬實(shí)用文體，有嚴(yán)格的語(yǔ)境限制，比方確定的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)，確定的對(duì)象、范圍，確定的行文目的等。因此，應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作應(yīng)力求主旨鮮明，格式正確，語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)練，語(yǔ)氣因人因事而異。書(shū)信、電子郵件是常見(jiàn)的應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作考查題型，主要包括詢(xún)問(wèn)信、致歉信、致謝信、慰問(wèn)信、投訴信、邀請(qǐng)信、介紹信、求職信等，其次應(yīng)用文還有：通知、發(fā)言稿、便條、日記、通知、調(diào)查報(bào)告扥。寫(xiě)作時(shí)要注意格式正確，包含稱(chēng)呼語(yǔ)salutation，正文body，結(jié)束語(yǔ)compl

2、imentary close，簽名signature。如在2021年10月的試卷中，應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作的要求是給未曾謀面的加拿大的住家homestay寫(xiě)一封咨詢(xún)信Letter of Inquiry。寫(xiě)作時(shí)遣詞應(yīng)盡量客氣一些，行文應(yīng)力求具有親和力，切忌使用一些艱深的大詞，也不宜使用一些結(jié)構(gòu)過(guò)于雜糅的長(zhǎng)句。3、對(duì)學(xué)生能力的要求 應(yīng)用文相對(duì)于之前高考中的議論文、記敘文，更要求應(yīng)用性、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)性、簡(jiǎn)明性。這要求學(xué)生對(duì)各個(gè)文體尤其是郵件和信件格式的熟悉掌握，且需注意應(yīng)用文所要求的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)與議論文、記敘文的區(qū)別。因此我們會(huì)著重培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的格式熟悉度以及相關(guān)重要句式的表達(dá)。 假定你是李華，你校英語(yǔ)協(xié)會(huì)招聘志愿者，接待來(lái)訪(fǎng)

3、的國(guó)外中學(xué)生。請(qǐng)你寫(xiě)信應(yīng)聘，內(nèi)容包括：1. 口語(yǔ)能力：2. 相關(guān)經(jīng)驗(yàn)；3. 應(yīng)聘目的。注意：1. 詞數(shù)80左右；2. 可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。_  【思路點(diǎn)撥】本篇書(shū)面表達(dá)屬于應(yīng)用文，要求寫(xiě)應(yīng)聘信。第一步：根據(jù)提示可知，學(xué)校英語(yǔ)協(xié)會(huì)招聘志愿者，接待來(lái)訪(fǎng)的國(guó)外中學(xué)生。要求寫(xiě)封應(yīng)聘信，內(nèi)容包括：1. 口語(yǔ)能力：2. 相關(guān)經(jīng)驗(yàn)；3. 應(yīng)聘目的。第二步：根據(jù)寫(xiě)作要求確定關(guān)鍵詞組。第三步：根據(jù)提示和關(guān)鍵詞組進(jìn)行遣詞造句，注意主謂一致和時(shí)態(tài)問(wèn)題。第四步：連句成文，注意使用恰當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞進(jìn)行句子之間的銜接和過(guò)渡，書(shū)寫(xiě)一定要標(biāo)準(zhǔn)清晰，保持整潔美觀(guān)的卷面是非常重要的。本文內(nèi)容完整，語(yǔ)言標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，語(yǔ)篇連

4、貫，詞數(shù)適當(dāng)。另外全文中沒(méi)有中國(guó)式英語(yǔ)的句式，顯示了很高的駕馭英語(yǔ)的能力?！痉段摹緿ear Sir or Madam,My name is Li Hua. And I am writing to apply for being a volunteer of our school English association.I have a good command of English and have been to the USA twice. So I can communicate well with native speakers of English. Whats more, I am

5、 kind and friendly to other people. So I can easily get along with foreign students.Im particularly interested in this job because I want to further improve my oral English capabilities and interpersonal communication skills.Hopefully I can receive your acceptance.Yours faithfully,Li Hua 寫(xiě)好應(yīng)用文的第一步是準(zhǔn)

6、確審題。審題并不僅僅指讀題，而是一個(gè)思維過(guò)程。審題可以從以下幾個(gè)方面入手： 1、判斷體裁 應(yīng)用文的種類(lèi)繁多，按其性質(zhì)可分為一般性應(yīng)用文和公務(wù)文書(shū)。一般性應(yīng)用文包括書(shū)信、便條、請(qǐng)?zhí)?、聘?shū)、海報(bào)、啟事、證明、電報(bào)、便函等；公務(wù)文書(shū)包括布告、通告、指示、命令、請(qǐng)示等。 本試題創(chuàng)設(shè)了一個(gè)語(yǔ)言情境，讓考生以李華的身份給英國(guó)朋友Chris寫(xiě)一封電子郵件，邀請(qǐng)他參加郊游。也就是說(shuō)，試題要求考生寫(xiě)一封邀請(qǐng)信，這屬于一般性應(yīng)用文中最常見(jiàn)的類(lèi)型：書(shū)信。 2、確定格式 不同類(lèi)型的應(yīng)用文其格式和結(jié)構(gòu)是不同的。本試題的格式是書(shū)信，要求寫(xiě)明寫(xiě)信的對(duì)象即稱(chēng)呼和寫(xiě)信人即署名，正文前可適當(dāng)添加問(wèn)候語(yǔ)，如How are you

7、doing？或Long time no see。等?？忌仨毷熘獣?shū)信類(lèi)應(yīng)用文的格式，準(zhǔn)確寫(xiě)出稱(chēng)呼語(yǔ)、標(biāo)點(diǎn)、結(jié)尾語(yǔ)和署名，以符合英語(yǔ)的寫(xiě)作習(xí)慣。 3、理清要點(diǎn) 邀請(qǐng)信中需要包括三個(gè)要點(diǎn)：告知參加者、郊游的時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)、活動(dòng)內(nèi)容登山和野餐。當(dāng)然考生可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，如組織郊游的目的、登山中可以做什么、除登山和野餐外是否有其他的活動(dòng)、參加郊游的意義等等。在整理要點(diǎn)時(shí)，考生應(yīng)該特別注意以下3點(diǎn)： 這是一次郊游，而不是到外地或到國(guó)外去游玩的長(zhǎng)途旅行。 郊游的時(shí)間應(yīng)該具體到某一天，不要籠統(tǒng)地說(shuō)下周，最好告知幾點(diǎn)鐘集合出發(fā)。 既要介紹郊游的地點(diǎn)，又要盡量防止透露考生信息。例如：假設(shè)考生寫(xiě)到Y(jié)andang Mou

8、ntain說(shuō)明該考生可能來(lái)自溫州地區(qū)，假設(shè)考生寫(xiě)到the West Lake說(shuō)明該考生可能來(lái)自杭州地區(qū)。那么怎樣巧妙地防止這個(gè)問(wèn)題呢？考生可以將地點(diǎn)模糊化，如使用Green Mountain， the Central Park等。 4、明確對(duì)象 寫(xiě)作對(duì)象決定了考生該使用的語(yǔ)言和語(yǔ)氣、寫(xiě)信人和收信人之間的關(guān)系、書(shū)信用語(yǔ)的正式度和委婉程度等。本試題中，考生的身份是學(xué)生，寫(xiě)作的對(duì)象是考生的外籍朋友。既然是朋友，兩者是平輩的關(guān)系，就不適合使用過(guò)度的敬辭或謙辭，如 I would appreciate it if you could come。；朋友之間一般會(huì)用Hope to see you there

9、。或Hope you can make it。既然是朋友，彼此應(yīng)該熟知對(duì)方的email地址，看到寄信人的地址就應(yīng)該知道是誰(shuí)的來(lái)信，所以在郵件的開(kāi)頭根本沒(méi)有必要介紹自己的身份。如有些考生寫(xiě)道：Im Li Hua， your friend。明顯就不符合邏輯和常識(shí)。 5、分析語(yǔ)言 應(yīng)用文作為一種實(shí)用性文體，是用來(lái)說(shuō)明事實(shí)、解決實(shí)際問(wèn)題的，側(cè)重于以事告人。所以語(yǔ)言要求自然得體、樸實(shí)無(wú)華、開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山、清晰流暢。本試題是邀請(qǐng)信，首先要掌握的是常用套語(yǔ)，例如在書(shū)信的開(kāi)頭常用：Im writing to invite you to 信件的結(jié)尾常用：Looking forward to your early re

10、ply。或I really hope you can come。等。其次，邀請(qǐng)信中的書(shū)面用語(yǔ)要符合朋友關(guān)系的身份設(shè)定，切忌使用過(guò)度的敬辭或謙辭。時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)以一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)為主。應(yīng)用文常用句型及習(xí)慣表達(dá)1. 書(shū)信開(kāi)頭I was delighted/glad to receive your letter. 很快樂(lè)收到你的來(lái)信。 I have received your letter of June the 29th. 我收到了你于6月29日的來(lái)信。Hows it going? 最近怎么樣？ You asked me about(problem, question.), now let me

11、give you some advice. 你在來(lái)信中詢(xún)問(wèn)我，現(xiàn)在讓我給你一些建議。 It has been a long time since we met. 我們很久沒(méi)見(jiàn)面了。 How time flies! Its three months since I saw you last time. 時(shí)間過(guò)得真快！我們有三個(gè)月沒(méi)見(jiàn)面了。 Im writing to thank you for your help during my stay in America. 我寫(xiě)信是為了感謝你對(duì)我在美國(guó)期間的幫助。 2. 結(jié)尾 I am looking forward to receiving your

12、 letter. 我期待你的來(lái)信。 I am looking forward to your early reply. 我期待您早日回復(fù)。Please write to me as soon as possible. 請(qǐng)盡快回信。 Good luck./ Wish you the best. 祝你好運(yùn)！ With best wishes. 致以我誠(chéng)摯的祝福。 Wish you sucess. 祝你成功。 Wish you a pleasant journey. 祝你旅途愉快。 Please remember me to your family. 請(qǐng)代我向你的家人問(wèn)好。 Id appreciat

13、e it if you could reply earlier. 請(qǐng)盡快回信，我將不勝感謝。 應(yīng)用文常見(jiàn)文體寫(xiě)作模板1. 感謝信 (Letter of Thanks)寫(xiě)作模板Dear _(對(duì)象), I am writing to extend my sincere gratitude for_(感謝的原因). If it had not been for your assistance in_(對(duì)方給你的具體幫助), I fear that I would have been_(沒(méi)有對(duì)方幫助會(huì)產(chǎn)生的后果). Everyone agrees that it was you who _(給出細(xì)節(jié))

14、. Again, I would like to express my sincere thanks to you. Please accept my sincere thanks. Yours Sincerely,Li Hua 2. 抱歉信 (Letter of Apology)寫(xiě)作模板1Dear _(對(duì)象),I am truly sorry that _(抱歉的原因).The reason is that _(介紹原因). Once again, I am sorry for any inconvenience caused. Hope you can accept my appologi

15、es and understand my situation.Yours Sincerely,Li Ming寫(xiě)作模板2Dear _(對(duì)象),I am excessively sorry to say/tell you that _ (直接表達(dá)自己不能實(shí)現(xiàn)先前的愿望或約定). Now, I am writing you this letter of apology to show my deep regret_ (表達(dá)歉意). Please accept my sincere apology_(誠(chéng)懇希望對(duì)方能接受抱歉). I fear you are displeased at _(表達(dá)出自己的

16、心情，并請(qǐng)求對(duì)方原諒).I hope you will understand me and excuse me for_(過(guò)渡句). Let me explain(開(kāi)始介紹抱歉的原因). The reason for my delay/absence was that _(闡述自己當(dāng)時(shí)的處境和情況). I had no way out because _ (總結(jié)自己抱歉的原因). Therefore its not in my power to _(希望下次再次實(shí)現(xiàn)愿望). Naturally, I want to suggest _. I shall be glad if you will

17、kindly write and tell me when and where you_(約定下次約會(huì)的時(shí)間和地點(diǎn))We may meet again and I hope to see you soon.Sincerely Yours, Li Hua3. 邀請(qǐng)信 (Letter of Invitation)寫(xiě)作模板Dear_,There will be a_(內(nèi)容) at/in_(地點(diǎn)) on_(時(shí)間). We would be honored to have you there with us.The occasion will start at_(具體時(shí)間). This will be

18、followed by a_(進(jìn)一步的安排). At _(時(shí)間), we will have _(另一個(gè)安排).I really hope you can make it. RSVP before_(通知你的最后期限).Yours Sincerely,Li Hua4. 推薦信 (Letter of Recommendation)寫(xiě)作模板Dear _ ,It affords me much pleasure to recommend _(要推薦的人)to you.During his/her graduate years he/she was my _ . As his/her _ I foun

19、d him/her _. (介紹與此人的關(guān)系)His/Her performance in the school years was outstanding. First, he/she had been and showed great talents in _ . In addition, he/she has a very pleasant personality. He/She has developed a strong sense of _, and working with him/her is always pleasant. I can state that he/she h

20、as all the qualities of being _.(介紹此人的能力)Therefore, I here recommend him/her to you with all my heart. Should you favor him/her with a position in your company/Should you accept him/her in your university？I am sure that his/her future work will prove worthy of your trust. I look forward to hearing f

21、rom you at the earliest possible moment.Yours Sincerely,Li Ming5. 建議信 (Letter of suggestion)寫(xiě)作模板Dear_,You have asked me for my advice with regard to_, and I will try to make some conducive suggestions here.In my opinion, you would be wise to take the following actions: _(建議的內(nèi)容).I hope you will find

22、these proposals useful, and I would be ready to discuss this matter with you to further details.Good luck with your_(祝愿).Yours Sincerely,Li Hua6. 申請(qǐng)信 (Letter of Application)寫(xiě)作模板Dear Sir or Madam,I write this letter to apply for the position that you have advertised in_(報(bào)紙名稱(chēng)) of_(廣揭發(fā)布時(shí)間).Not only do

23、I have the qualifications for this job, but also I have the right personality for a _ (工作名稱(chēng)). On one hand, _(第一個(gè)原因). On the other hand, _(另一個(gè)原因).Should you grant me a personal interview, I would be most grateful. If you need to know more about me，please feel free to contact me at any time at_( 號(hào)碼).T

24、hank you for considering my application, and I am looking forward to meeting you.Yours Sincerely, Li Hua5. 祝賀信 (Letter of Congratulations) 祝賀信模板Dear_,(1)I have learned with delight that you_.(2)I would like to extend to you my utmost congratulations on _ _.(3)You must be very proud of your _.(4)And

25、I feel very happy for you.(5)_ _ is quite exciting news!(6)You are really_ .(7)I know this is surely owing to_ _ .(8)It is a reward you deserve for your _ .(9)With your_ _, I am sure that you will be a success in whatever you undertake.(10)Kindly let me know when you_ .(11) I hope .(12)My best wishe

26、s for your further success.Sincerely Yours, Li Ming(1)得悉值得祝賀的消息，說(shuō)出祝賀事由(2)表達(dá)祝賀(3)描述對(duì)方的心情(4)表達(dá)自己的心情(5)被祝賀人所取得的成績(jī)(6)對(duì)對(duì)方的贊美(7)對(duì)方取得成績(jī)的原因(8)對(duì)對(duì)方取得成績(jī)的肯定，說(shuō)出被祝賀人的優(yōu)點(diǎn)(9) 被祝賀人的優(yōu)秀品質(zhì)，表達(dá)對(duì)對(duì)方的祝福(10)咨詢(xún)對(duì)方的情況和時(shí)間(11)表達(dá)愿望(12)表達(dá)自己真誠(chéng)的祝福7.投訴信Dear _, I am _自我介紹. I feel bad to trouble you but I am afraid that I have to make a

27、complaint about _. The reason for my dissatisfaction is _總體介紹. In the first place, _抱怨的第一個(gè)方面. In addition, _抱怨的第二個(gè)方面. Under these circumstances, I find it _感覺(jué)to_抱怨的方面給你帶來(lái)的后果. I appreciate it very much if you could _提出建議和請(qǐng)求, preferably _進(jìn)一步的要求, and I would like to have this matter settled by _設(shè)定解決事情最

28、后期限. Thank you for your consideration and I will be looking forward to your reply.8.演講稿/發(fā)言稿模板 Boys and girls/Ladies and gentlemen,Its a great honor for me to stand here and give my speech._表示榮幸My name is _.自我介紹The topic of my speech is _.提出演講主題To begin with, many people suggest that _.話(huà)題或現(xiàn)象列舉Secondl

29、y, _. Thirdly, _ .What I want to stress is that _.重申主題For one thing, . For another, . Besides, _.原因或重要性列舉In a word, _.總結(jié)模板Good morning/afternoon/evening, everyone,Its nice to see all of you here. I feel honored to have opportunity to give/make/deliver you a speech is a great pleasure for me to speak

30、 here. The topic of my speech is _./Today I will talk about _. /Its nice to talk /speak about(演講的主題) First of all, _. Besides, _. Secondly, _. Whats more, _(具體內(nèi)容)As far as I am concerned/In my opinion, _. From what has been discussed above, we can safely draw the conclusion that _. Thanks for your a

31、ttention/listening.(總結(jié)演講)9.日記模板一(月、日、年、星期、天氣) (標(biāo)題) Today/Yesterday, I/we .(事件) In the morning, we _; then _; after that_ . By the time we had a good time. Finally . Ill never forget the memorable day! _ (事件經(jīng)過(guò)) From this activity, I have learned that/I think . _ (事件意義和自己的感想)模板二Date Day of the week To

32、day is _. This afternoon I went to _. Then I_. Sitting on the train, I thought _. At the next station, _. She looked _. I hesitated _. The old lady _. Seeing her smile, I _. I will _. 10.便條_(稱(chēng)呼)Im going _, and wont be back until _. I have _.(交代留便條的原因)At about 1 oclock this afternoon, _called, saying

33、 that _. She left _, but said that _. She wanted you to _. She has already _.(便條內(nèi)容)_ 1 (2021·浙江卷)假定你是李華，方案組織一次郊游，請(qǐng)給你的英國(guó)朋友Chris寫(xiě)封郵件邀請(qǐng)他參加。內(nèi)容包括：1. 參加者；2. 時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)；3. 活動(dòng)：登山、野餐等。注意：1. 詞數(shù)80左右；2. 可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。_【范文】Dear Chris,How are you now? The purpose of my writing is to tell you that there will be

34、an outgoing for us these days. I would be honored to have you there with us, enjoying the colorful days.The occasion will start on the next Sunday morning. We will go to Siming Mountain, where we can have a climb. Whats more, we can also hold a picnic party with the local people.I really hope you ca

35、n make it. And I do look forward to receiving your reply letter as soon as possible. 22021·新課標(biāo)卷I假定你是李華，你的新西蘭朋友Terry將去中國(guó)朋友家做客，發(fā)郵件向你詢(xún)問(wèn)有關(guān)習(xí)俗。請(qǐng)你回復(fù)郵件，內(nèi)容包括：1到達(dá)時(shí)間；2適宜的禮物；3餐桌禮儀。注意：1詞數(shù)100左右；2可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。_【寫(xiě)作指導(dǎo)】本文是一篇書(shū)信類(lèi)應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作。餐桌禮儀也是考生比較熟悉的話(huà)題。成文時(shí)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：一、內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)要齊全1到達(dá)時(shí)間；2適宜的禮物；3餐桌禮儀。二、時(shí)態(tài)：主要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和將來(lái)時(shí)；三、人稱(chēng)：

36、二、三人稱(chēng)。四、注意使用恰當(dāng)?shù)母呒?jí)詞匯、短語(yǔ)或句型，以提高作文的水平；五、適當(dāng)使用一些連接詞和插入語(yǔ)，使文章表達(dá)自然、流暢?！痉段摹緿ear Terry,How are you doing? Learning that you are about to pay a visit to a Chinese friend and confused about the Chinese customs, I am writing to put forward some advice.Firstly, I would like to suggest that you arrive 5 to 10 minu

37、tes earlier, which is common in Chinese traditional culture. Secondly, if I were you, I would bring some appropriate gifts with me, such as souvenirs from my own country. Besides, table manners are also what you should pay attention to. For example, you are not supposed to stick your chopsticks into

38、 your food. Instead, laying them on your dish is a smart choice.If you have any other problems, please dont hesitate to contact me. Yours Li Hua3 假定你是李華，你的英國(guó)筆友Peter沉溺于網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲不能自拔，甚至不聽(tīng)父母勸阻想要離家出走。請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下要點(diǎn)提示，寫(xiě)信勸他放棄這個(gè)想法。1.網(wǎng)癮的危害；2.要尊重父母并抱歉；3.建議他管理好自己的時(shí)間。注意：1.詞數(shù)80左右；可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié),以使行文連貫；3.開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾已經(jīng)給出；不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。Dear Pete

39、r,Im sorry to hear that you have decided to leave home because of your conflict with your parents._Im looking forward to your reply.Yours,Li Hua【范文】Dear Peter,Im sorry to hear that you have decided to leave home because of your conflict with your parents.I think its unwise to make such a decision. A

40、ddicted to playing online games, you are not only wasting your Im looking forward to your reply.Yours,Li Hua4假設(shè)你是李華，你的英國(guó)朋友Tom來(lái)信詢(xún)問(wèn)霧霾嚴(yán)重時(shí)你校如何保證正常上課。請(qǐng)你根據(jù)以下要點(diǎn)給Tom回信：1.政府在學(xué)校安裝新風(fēng)系統(tǒng)；2.家長(zhǎng)捐獻(xiàn)空氣凈化器；3.學(xué)校減少戶(hù)外活動(dòng)。參考詞匯：霧霾haze；新風(fēng)系統(tǒng)fresh air system；空氣凈化器air purifier注意：1.詞數(shù)80左右；2.可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。_【范文】Dear Tom,I am writi

41、ng in response to your concern about ways of ensuring normal teaching activities in our school in case of heavy haze. Thanks for your concern anyway.Several parties are involved in fighting haze. First of all, the government has funded the installation of the fresh air system. Second, enthusiastic p

42、arents have donated enough air purifiers which help improve the air quality. Whats more, our school limits the time for outdoor activities, exposing us to as little polluted air as possible.Thanks to the joint efforts, we are now enjoying our school life.Yours,Li HuaOrDear Tom,Thanks for your concern about heavy haze affectin