高中英語考點訓練：英語考點匯集

1、2008年高考英語考點匯集非謂語動詞 分詞既具有動詞的一些特征，又具有形容和副詞的句法功能。 它分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞兩類。 現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的主要差別在于現(xiàn)在分詞有一般式和完成式，過去分詞則只有一般式。 現(xiàn)在分詞表動作正在進行，表主動。過去分詞及物動詞表動作已經完成，表被動。 過去分詞不及物動詞表動作已經完成，表主動。分詞使用中的幾個問題1現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式Having cleaned the room, I went out.1,3,52現(xiàn)在分詞的否定式 Not having received any letter, he felt a little worried.3現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的

2、不同現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動、正在，過去分詞表示被動、完成I found the man killed there.I found the man standing there.4have結構We have the car repaired.We have repaired the car.We have Tom repair the car.We have Tom repairing the car the whole morning.5分詞作表語We were excited at the news.The football game is exciting.6獨立主格結構It being a f

3、ine day, we went out to visit the park.II 例題例1、Time_， Ill go on a picnic with you.A. permit B. to permit C. permitted D. permitting解析：該題答案為D。 Time permitting是獨立主格結構，意為如果時間允許的話例2、_ if he had any bad habit, she replied that he was a heavy smoker.A. Ask B. To ask C. Asked D. Asking解析：該題答案為C。主語she是被問。情態(tài)

4、動詞與助動詞 I 要點助動詞本身無意義，在句中幫助主要動詞構成一定的時態(tài)，語態(tài)、語氣，或是幫助構成否定句和疑問句，常用的助動詞有be, do, have, shall(should), will(would).情態(tài)動詞表一定的詞義，本身并不表示動作或狀態(tài)，而僅僅表達說話人的態(tài)度，它在句中須和主要動詞一起構成謂語，主要的情態(tài)動詞有can(could), may (might), must, have to, ought to, need, dare, shall, should, will, would.can 能，可以，表說話人同意，許可還可表客觀條件許可，如:You can go now.提

5、建議或請求時可用can I, can you表客氣，如Can I buy you a drink?can和be able to表能力時的區(qū)別。can表一般具有的能力，be able to表在特定條件下的能力，如:Although the driver was badly hurt, he was able to explain what had happened.2、may（1）可以，表說話人同意，許可或請求對方許可。You may go.（2）（現(xiàn)在和將來）可能，也許，只用于肯定句和否定句中，如He may not be right.3、must, have tomust表主觀上的必須，ha

6、ve to表客觀上的必須，如:Its getting late. I have to go. -Must I go now. -Yes, you must.(No, you neednt./ No, you dont have to.)4、need, dare這二詞有實意動詞和情態(tài)動詞兩種詞性，如用作實意動詞后接動詞不定式to do，如用作情態(tài)動詞后接動詞原形。Need I go now? -Yes, you must./No, you neednt.)5、shall用于第一人稱疑問句中表說話人征求對方的意見或向對方請求，如，Shall we begin our lesson?用于二、三人稱陳

7、述句，表說話人命令、警告、允諾、威脅等口吻，如: You shall fail if you dont work harder.6should表應該，意為有責任，有義務。如:We should try our best to make our country more beautiful.7will表有做某事的意志、意愿、安心、打算，如 Will you lend me your book? Yes, I will.，8should have done表應該做而未做must have done表對過去事實的肯定推測could have done表本可以做某事9判斷句：肯定句用must, 否定句

8、用cant, 不太肯定用may, mightHe must be in the office now.He must have gone to bed, for the light is out.He cant be in the office. He is at home.He couldnt have cleaned the classroom, because he didnt come here today.He might be in the office, I am not sure.He might have cleaned the room, I suppose.句子種類I要點

9、句子按使用目的可分為陳述句、疑問句、祈使句和感嘆句；按結構又分為簡單句、并列句和復合句。1、陳述句的否定（1）在含有賓語從句的主從復合句中，當主句的謂語動詞是think, expect, believe, suppose, guess, fancy, imagine等，且主句主語是第一人稱時，賓語從句謂語的否定習慣上要移到主句謂語上，如: I dont think he is right.（2） 含有否定意義的副詞never, seldom, hardly, scarcely, rarely, barely的句子應視為否定句，如: I have never been there before.

10、2、反意疑問句（1）need和dare 既可作情態(tài)動詞，又可作實意動詞，在反問部分須加以區(qū)別，如We neednt leave, need we? We dont need to leave, do we?（2）陳述部分出現(xiàn)否定意義的副詞或代詞如never, seldom, few, hardly, little等時，反問部分須用肯定形式如： He seldom comes, does he? （3）陳述部分用不定代詞作主語時，反問部分的主語用it ，如：Nothing can stop me, can it?陳述部分用everybody, everyone, somebody, someon

11、e，等作主語時，反問部分常用it，有時也用they，如:Everybody knows that, dont they?（4）陳述部分包括used to 時，反問部分可有兩種形式，如: You used to get up early, usednt (didnt) you?（5）陳述部分是there + be結構時，反問部分用there，如:Theres something wrong with you, isnt there?（6）陳述部分是含有賓語從句的主從復合句時，反問部分的主語和謂語應和主句保持一致，如: He never told others what he thought, d

12、id he?但，如果是I think , I believe等 +賓語從句時，反問部分須和從句的動詞保持一致，如，I dont think he is right, is he? I dont believe he does that, does he?3、感嘆句用what或how, What a beautiful park it is.How beautiful a park it is.How beautiful the park is.How we worked!4、祈使句Take care!Dont stand there.Please open the door for the o

13、ld lady.II例題例1，Dont forget to post the letter, _ ?A. will you B. do you C. wont you D. shall you解析：該題答案為A， 在否定句、祈使句后只用will you?，但肯定的祈使句后可用如，Wait for me, will (wont, can, cant, could) you?例2，Lets go out for a walk, _ ?A. will you B. wont you C. shall we D. do we 解析：該題答案為C，lets后加上shall we來表語氣婉轉、客氣，而在l

14、et us后加上will you。例3，He hardly writes to you, _ ? A. doesnt he B. does he C. do they D. has he 解析：該題答案為B，hardly否定副詞，反問部分要用肯定形式。各種從句I要點根據從句在句中的句法功能，從句可分為名詞性從句、定語從句和狀語從句。1、 名詞性從句 （1） 主語從句What he wants is a piece of paper.It is believed that he can solve the problem.注：主語從句的謂語動詞用單數(shù)。（2）賓語從句I dont know how

15、 to solve the problem.Do you know where he lives?（3）表語從句The problem is who can help me.This is why I came here.（4）同位語從句I have no idea where he went. I heard the news that he would come.同位語從句用that引導，常跟在fact, idea, news, promise, thought, message, hope, belief, doubt等詞后，that在從句中不作任何成分。2、定語從句在復合句中，修飾某一

16、名詞或代詞，或修飾整個主句的從句叫做定語從句，引導定語從句的關系代詞有who, whom, whose, which, that, as,和關系副詞when, where, why。（1）that指物時一般可與which互換，但在下列情況下，要用that而不用which。a. 先行詞有all, everything等不定代詞時，如，Everything (that) he did is wrong.b. 先行詞被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等修飾時，如，Ill read all the books (that) you lend me.c. 先

17、行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾時，This is the first letter (that) the boy has written.d. 先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the last修飾時，如He is the very man (that) Im looking for.e. 只用which的情況在介詞后或在非限定性定語從句中This is the book about which we have talked a lot.The book, which he gave me yesterday, is very interesting.f. w

18、here和when作關系副詞This is the room where I worked.This is the room which I stayed in.I remembered the day when we lived there.I remembered the day that I spent there.g. as和which as 可以放于句首，而which 不可以As you know, he is good at English.three of them 和three of whichI have a lot of books, three of which are

19、in Russian.I have a lot of books and three of them are in Russian.3、狀語從句在復合句中起狀語作用的從句叫做狀語從句。狀語從句可分為時間狀語、地點狀語、原因狀語、目的狀語、結果狀語、條件狀語、行為方式狀語、比較狀語、讓步狀語等多種。II 例題例1、 _ I accept the gift or refuse it is none of your business.A. If B. Whether C. Even if D. No matter when解析：該題答案為B。whether可以和or連用，if不可以，此外if一般僅用

20、于賓語從句。例2、The way _ these comrades look at problems is wrong.A. where B. in that C.X D. with which解析：該題答案為C，先行詞是way，定語從句中用that或 in which來引導或不填。例3、 _a long time since I saw you last time.AIt was B. It is C. It had been D. It can be 解析：該題答案為B，It is +時間數(shù)+ since引導的從句是一個句型，意為從時候以來過了多久了。 主謂一致I 要點謂語受主語支配，須和

21、主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，這叫做主謂一致，主謂一致包括語法一致、意義上一致和就近一致。1、語法上一致（1）以單數(shù)名詞或代詞，動詞不定式短語、動名詞短語或從句作主語時，謂語動詞要用單數(shù)，主語為復數(shù)時，謂語用復數(shù)，如， To work hard is necessary for a student.（2）用and或bothand連接的并列主語，謂語動詞用復數(shù)，如， Both he and I are right.但并列主語如果指的是同一人，同一事物或同一概念，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，如, His teacher and friend is a beautiful girl.（3）主語是單數(shù)時，盡管后面跟有

22、as well as, but ,except, besides, with ,along with, together with, like等，謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)，如，The teacher as well as his students is excited.（4）某些不定代詞，如做主語，謂語動詞要用單數(shù)，如:Everyone has a book.（5）一些只有復數(shù)形式的名詞，如people, cattle, clothes等作主語時，謂語動詞要用復數(shù)，如，A lot of people are dancing outside.2、意義上一致 （1）表時間、距離、價格、度量衡等的名詞作主語

23、時，謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)，如，Twenty years is not a long time.（2）表示總稱意義的名詞public, police, cattle, clothes等作主語時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)，如， People are talking about the accident.（3）有些集合名詞，如family, team等作主語，如作為一個整體看待，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，如指其中每個成員，則用復數(shù)，如，My family is a big one. My family are watching TV.3、鄰近一致用連詞or, eitheror, neithernor, whetheror

24、, not onlybut also,等連接的并列主語，如果一個是單數(shù)，一個是復數(shù)，則謂語動詞按就近一致原則，與最靠近它的主語一致，如，Either you or I am mad.II例題例1、 The chemical works _ where my father has worked for thirty years in 1949.A. was built B. were built C. is built D. are built解析：該題答案為A。works形式上是復數(shù)，意思上是單數(shù)，因此謂語動詞用單數(shù)，類似的還有news, maths, politics, physics.例2

25、、They each _ a copy of the new physics.A. have B. has C. having D. gets解析：該題答案為A。They each不等于each of , each of 這個詞組作主語謂語用單數(shù)如each of the students hands in their homework，而they each作主語，謂語要隨each前面的詞來變化。倒裝I要點按主語+謂語這種順序排列的句子是陳述語序，如果變?yōu)橹^語（或謂語的一部分）+主語，就是倒裝語序。1、全部倒裝（1）there be 句型There is going to be a meetin

26、g.There is a book on the table.（2）here, there, now, then, in, out等副詞置于句首時，主謂倒裝，但如果主語是人稱代詞時，主語和謂語語序不倒裝，如，Here comes the bus.Here he comes.（3）直接引語的部分或全部位于句首時，有時也用倒裝， 如，What he said meant nothing, said the teacher.（4）為保持句子平衡，強調表語或狀語，使上下文緊密銜接時須完全倒裝，如，In front of the house sat a small boy.2、部分倒裝（1）so, ne

27、ither, nor置于句首說明與前者情況一致時，如，I like swimming, so does my brother.（2）only +狀語放在句首，如，Only through this method can we win.Only in this way can we do the work well.（3）含有否定意義的詞置于句首，如，Hardly, scarcely, not, seldom, no sooner, never, little, at no time, in no way, no more等，如，Never had I heard that. Little di

28、d I know about this.（4）以often, so +形容詞或副詞開頭的句子，如，So heavy is the box that he cannot carry it.（5）用于省略if的虛擬條件句中，將had, were, should提前，如，Were I you, I wouldnt do that.Had he come, we would have won.（6）用于某些表示祝愿的句中，如，May you be happy for ever.II例題例1、Not only _ this machine but _ it.A. can he runcan he rep

29、airB. can he runhe can repairC. he can runhe can repair D. he can runcan he repair解析：該題答案為B，在not onlybut (also)句型中，只有but前面的部分倒裝，but后面仍是正常語序。例2、_, it is quite easy to drill a hole in it with laser（激光）.A. Hard although the diamond B. Hard as the diamond isC. As the diamond is hard D. Has hard is the d

30、iamond解析：該題答案為B，在讓步狀語從句中，從屬連詞as可以表示though，但要用倒裝語序。例3、Only in this way _ to improve the situation there.A. can you hope B. you can hope C. hope can D. you hope 解析：該題答案為A， 省略I要點有時為了避免重復，使語言簡練緊湊，在不損害結構或引起誤解的原則下，往往省去一個或多個句子成分或詞語。 1固定習慣用詞。如： No smoking! Thanks s lot!等。2簡單句中的省略（1）口語中，一、二、三人稱的主語，有時還包括謂語都可以省略。如：（It is）Nice to see you!(This is) Li Ming speaking.（2）所有格后的名詞如為住宅、商店、工礦、教堂等可以省略。如： Im going to visit Toms (house). I met him at the tailors (shop). （3）兩個或兩個以上的動詞不定式并列在一起時，第一個不定式帶to，后面的不定式可省to. 如: His job is to clean and mend the machine.（4）主（賓）語補足語中的to be常省略。He was conside