高考定語從句詳解練習(xí)

1、實(shí)用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文案文檔定語從句一、基本概念：在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。如：Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now?That is the house where he lived ten years ago.定語從句所修飾的詞叫先行詞；定語從句一般用關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞來引導(dǎo)，關(guān)系詞放在先行詞與定語從句之間起連接作用，同時(shí)又作從句中的一個(gè)成分。引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞 有：that, who, whom, whose, which;關(guān)系副詞有： when, where, why .根據(jù)定語從句與先行詞的關(guān)系，定語從

2、句可分為限制性定語從句及非限制性定語從句。限制性定語從句緊跟 先行詞，主句與從句不用逗號分開，從句不可省去，非限制性定語從句主句與從句之間有逗號分開，起補(bǔ)充說明 作用，如省去，意思仍完整。對于定語從句的理解：1.定語從句是由一個(gè)句子做定語修飾某個(gè)名詞或代詞2.被修飾的這個(gè)名詞或代詞在從句中又要充當(dāng)一定成份。可以把定語從句理解成是兩個(gè)句子的合并。如果兩個(gè)句子有交叉（相同）部分，則可以把這個(gè)交叉的部分做成被修飾成份，構(gòu)成一個(gè)含有定語從句的句子，如:原句： My younger brother is an artist, and he is good at Chinese art.fMy young

3、er brother who is good at Chinese art is an artist.The firemen haven t managed to put out the fire; the fire broke out at 5 a.m.f The firemen haven t managed to put out the fire which broke out at 5 a.m.The president will visit our school, and it is very exciting.f The president will visit our schoo

4、l, which is very exciting.二、關(guān)系詞的用法：一句話語法：關(guān)系代詞在從句中=先行詞，whose除外，whose=先行詞所有格1 .關(guān)系代詞who （指人），that （指人和物），which （指物），作主語。例句： I thank the woman.She helped me.a. I thank the woman helped me.b. I thank the woman helped me.例句： Did you hear about the earthquake?It happened in San Francisco last week.a. Did y

5、ou hear about the earthquakehappened in San Francisco last week?b. Did you hear about the earthquakehappened in San Francisco last week?你聽說上星期在舊金山發(fā)生的地震了嗎？,which （指物）在從句中修飾、指代人或事物，在從句中作who和that, which常用于口語和非正式的英語中。在口語和常被省略。2. 關(guān)系代詞who（whom）（指人），that （指人和物） 賓語.Whom是賓格形式，常用于較正式的英語中。非正式英語中更多的情況下，作動(dòng)詞賓語的關(guān)系

6、代詞 例句： The man told me to come back.I saw him in the office.a. The manI saw in the office told me to come back.b. The manI saw in the office told me to come back.c. The manI saw in the office told me to come back.d. The manI saw in the office told me to come back.我在辦公室見到的那位男士叫我回去。例句： The movie wasn

7、t very good.We saw it last night.a. The moviewe saw last night wasnt verygood.b. The moviewe saw last night wasnt verygood.c. The moviewe saw last night wasnt verygood. 我們昨晚看的那部電影不怎么樣。注意：a.引導(dǎo)從句的關(guān)系代詞一定要放在從句的最前面，例如： 從句whom I saw in the office ,雖然關(guān)系代詞 whom在句子中作動(dòng)詞的賓語，也應(yīng)放在從句的最前面。b.從句應(yīng)盡可能地緊跟在所修飾的名詞后面。從句 w

8、hom I saw in the office 是用來修飾the man,所以應(yīng)放在the man 后面。3.關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在從句中作介詞的賓語時(shí)，正式英語中，往往將介詞提到關(guān)系代詞前面。例句： The woman spoke French. I traveled with her.a. The woman I travelled spoke French.和我一起旅行的那位女士講法語。注意：在這類句子中修飾、指代人物時(shí)，只能用whom。關(guān)系代詞不可以用 who或that。也不可以省略關(guān)系代詞。在口語和非正式英語中，介詞往往放在原來的位置，即：在謂語動(dòng)詞之后。在這種情況下，關(guān)系代

9、詞可以是who/ whom/that ,也可以省略。b. The woman whom I travelled with spoke English.c. The woman who I travelled with spoke English.d. The woman that I travelled with spoke English.e. The woman I travelled with spoke English.在從句中，如果關(guān)系代詞是作介詞的賓語，正式英語中需要前置，即，將介詞置于關(guān)系代詞之前。例句： He is standing on a chair.Is it firm

10、enough?a. Is the chair he is standing firm enough?他站的那把椅子結(jié)實(shí)嗎？b. Is the chairhe is standing on firm enough?c. Is the chairhe is standing on firm enough?d. Is the chairhe is standing on firm enough?4.表示所有格關(guān)系whose用來表示所屬關(guān)系，它的意思相當(dāng)于： his, her, its, their等等。Whose可以用來修飾人，也可以修 飾物。whose和它所修飾的名詞都置于句首。(1)修飾人物例句

11、： The man called the police.His wallet was stolen.a. The man wallet was stolen called the police.錢包被竊的那個(gè)男人給警察打了電話。(2) 修飾事物例句： Im working in the house.Its walls are made of glass. (The walls of the house are made of glass.)a. I m working in the house walls are made of glass.b. I m working in the hous

12、eare made of glass.我在那座四面墻都是玻璃的房子里工作。The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.=The classroom is broken will soon be repaired.Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?=Do you like the bookis yellow?5.關(guān)系代詞that和which的區(qū)別(1)只能用that的情況1）如果先行詞被最高級修正This is the best film （ 我曾經(jīng)看過的）The talle

13、st tree （發(fā)現(xiàn)的）is this.2）如果先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾,關(guān)系代詞常用 that,不用which。This is the first book （ 用英語寫的 ）3）如果先行詞是 all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none, few.等不定代詞。 例如：All the people（ 出席的）burst into tears.Everything （我們看至U 的 ）was interesting4）如果先行詞被 all ,little, none , any, few, much, no, s

14、ome 等詞修飾。如：I read all the books that you gave to me.In this factory I saw little / much that was different from ours.5）如果先等詞被 the only ,the very , the same ,the last修飾，關(guān)系代詞常用that,不用whichThis is the very book that I want to find.After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned

15、.6）先行詞有兩個(gè)，一個(gè)指人，一個(gè)指物。如 ：The boy and the dog （在圖畫里的）are very lovely.7）who ,which 開頭的特殊疑問句中。（避免重復(fù)）Who is the person（ 剛才站在這里的）Which of us （ 懂英語的）doesn t know this?8）關(guān)系代詞作表語時(shí)。He is not the man that he used to be.（2）只能用which的情況1）非限制性定語從句中，指物無論做主語還是賓語，不能用關(guān)系代詞that,作賓語用的關(guān)系代詞也不能省略。如:There are about seven mill

16、ion people taking part in the election, most of whom are well educated.Beijing, which is China s capital, is rich in culture.2） “those/that + 名詞”后的定語從句用which引導(dǎo)。不能用關(guān)系代詞that。That pen which he took is mine.A shop should keep those goods which sells well.3）介詞后只用which, whom不能用that.This is the room in whi

17、ch he lived.4） which還有一種特殊用法，它可以引導(dǎo)從句修飾前面的整個(gè)主句，代替主句所表示的整體概念或部分概念。在這種從句中，which可以作主語，也可以作賓語或表語，不用 that。例如：He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy.5）先行詞是that時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞要用 which.What s that which flashed in the sky just now?（二）關(guān)系副詞的用法：一句話語法：關(guān)系副詞在從句中=介詞+先行詞關(guān)系副詞when在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語，where充當(dāng)?shù)?/p>

18、點(diǎn)狀語，why充當(dāng)原因狀語。1. when表示時(shí)間，充當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語，用來修飾一個(gè)表示時(shí)間的名詞，如： time, year, month, day, century 等等。 when=on/ in/ of /at +which（1） Ill never forget the day.I met you then （on that day）.a. I ll never forget the dayI met you.b. I ll never forget the dayI met you.（2） 1949 is the year.The new China was founded then （i

19、n that year）.a. 1949 is the year the new China was founded.b. 1949 is the year the new China was founded.（3） 7:50 is the time.My plane arrives then (at that time).a. 7:50 is the time my plane arrives.b. 7:50 is the time my plane arrives.時(shí)，（他們引1)當(dāng)先行詞為 by the time ,any time , the way, every time, the

20、first time ,the last time 導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語)關(guān)系詞不用when而用that或者省略This is the last time that I shall give you a lesson.The first time I saw him was in 1980By the time he was 14 he had learned advanced mathematics但如果time前無修飾語，關(guān)系詞用that或when均可I will never forget the time when(that) we met for the first time.2)當(dāng)先行詞為

21、 way時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用in which ,that,或省略均可。This is the way that/ in which /不力口 he smiles.2. where:表示地點(diǎn)。做 地點(diǎn)狀語，用來修飾表示地點(diǎn)的名詞，例如： city, country, room, house 等。where=in/at/on/during +which Do you know the street where he lives?This is the factory where we worked. (1) The building is very old.He lives there (in that

22、building).a. The building he lives is very old.b. The building he lives is very old.(2) That is the park.We are going to have a picnic there (at that park).a. That is the parkwe are going to have a picnic.b. That is the parkwe are going to have a picnic.3. why表示原因(先行詞只有一個(gè) reason ),做原因狀語。 Why= for wh

23、ichThat is the reason why he was late4. 注意： 關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的選擇，關(guān)鍵看先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)什么成份：a.若充當(dāng)主語，賓語，表語，定語用關(guān)系代詞b.若充當(dāng)狀語（時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，原因狀語）應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞。C,判斷先行詞在從句中做何成份可以采取先行詞還原法。因?yàn)橄刃性~（即被修飾的名詞或代詞）只可能是一 個(gè)詞，把它還原到從句中去，如果能直接放回去，句子不少詞，即先行詞在從句中做主語，賓語，或表語，若先行詞放回從句中要加一些介詞才能使句子通順，則用關(guān)系副詞，關(guān)系代詞whose除外，它在從句相當(dāng)于先行詞后加所有格。所以以后看見先行詞是 time, day 等和 p

24、lace, hous , reason 等時(shí)，一定要注意分析從句的結(jié)構(gòu)，不要盲目 地就用關(guān)系副詞。試比較：狀語)(which=the days作賓語）I ll never forget the day when my hometown was liberated. (when=on the day I ll never forget the days which/that we spent together last summer.(where=in a factory狀語)(which=factory 主語)s定語)狀語)賓語)His father works in a factory wh

25、ere radio parts are made.His father works in a factory which/that makes radio parts.I rent a house whose windows are very large.(whose=houseIs this the reason why you are late?(why=for the reasonIs this the reason (which/that) you give me? (which=reasonMay 1 is the day I will never forget That is th

26、e villiageI was born.This is the factorywe visitedThat is the househe lived in.The shop we saw is beautiful. Have you asked her for the reason may explain her absenceI don t believe the reason he has given for his being late(三)限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句1 .限制性定語從句說明先行詞的情況，對先行詞起限定作用，與先行詞關(guān)系十分密切，不可用逗號隔開，也不可 省略，否則

27、全句意義就不完整。如：This is the telegram which he refers to.Is there anything (that) I can do for you?2 .非限制性定語從句只是對先行詞作補(bǔ)充說明，沒有限定作用，它與先行詞的關(guān)系比較松散，因而不是關(guān)鍵性的，如果省略，原句的意義仍然完整。這種從句在朗讀時(shí)要有停頓，在文字中通常用逗號與主句隔開。如：This note was left by Tom, who was here a moment ago.As a boy, he was always making things, most of which were

28、 electric.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系詞有：who, whom, whose, which, when 和where ,不可以用that和why。3 .有時(shí)，非限制性定語從句所修飾的不是某一個(gè)詞，而是整個(gè)主句或是主句中的一個(gè)部分，這時(shí)一般采用which或as來引導(dǎo)。如：He passed the exam, which/as he hoped he would.(1) as引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句主要結(jié)構(gòu)有：the same as, as as, such as, so as主句中出現(xiàn)the same, as, such, so修飾先行詞，需選擇as做關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中做主語或賓語。It

29、s the same person as we wanted to find yesterday.我們昨天要找的是同個(gè)人。Such girls as he knows are good at English.他所認(rèn)識(shí)的女孩都擅長英語。Do you have such books as we like?你有我們喜歡那種書嗎？She will marry as healthy a man as she can find.她將嫁給她能找到的任何一個(gè)有錢人。There is so warm a house as we want to live in .這里有如此暖和的房子，我們都想住在里面。He ha

30、s so difficult a problem, as none of us can solve.他有如此難的一個(gè)問題，我們沒有人能解決(2)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句1) as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，指代整個(gè)主句內(nèi)容，從句可置于句首，句中或句尾As everyone knows, China is a beautiful country with a long history.The earth, as we know, moves round the sun.Tom works hard and is willing to help others, as we all know.2)非限制性定語

31、從句中的謂語為被動(dòng)式時(shí)，常用 as做主語be said/known/announced/reported/mentioned/expected/discussedGrammar, as has been said before, is not a set of dead rules.語法，就像以前所說，不是一套死規(guī)貝U。As is known to all, Taiwan is part of China .3) as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，有“如，似，正像”的含義，因此，下列句式多用asas has been said above 如上所說as anybody can see正像每個(gè)人所看到的

32、那樣as we had expected正如我們所預(yù)料的那樣eg.Things are not always as they appear.事,情并不直像他們表面那樣。eg.The boy has as much progress as we had expected.正像我們所預(yù)料的那樣，這個(gè)男孩取得了大的進(jìn)步。(四)定語從句中需要注意的幾個(gè)問題1 .從句中的主語和謂語一致1) who, which, that在從句中作主語時(shí)，要注意從句的謂語動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)須和先行詞保持一致。The boy who is standing at the door is my son.Those who ha

33、ve great interest in English will learn it well.2)在one of the +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，復(fù)數(shù)名詞是先行詞，關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語，其謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。This is one of the best books that have ever been written on the subject.3)在“the (only ) one of the + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞+ 定語從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，one是先行詞，關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語， 其謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。This is the only one of the best books t

34、hat has ever been written on the subject.Li Lei is one of the students who play the piano beautifully.Li Lei is the (only) one of the students who plays the piano beautifully.2 .誤將強(qiáng)調(diào)句型當(dāng)定語從句。比較下面的句子：It was in the kitchen where the fire broke out.It was in the kitchen that the fire broke out.Was it be

35、cause it snowed last night when you didn t come ?Was it because it snowed last night that you didn t come ?3 .注意“介詞+where ”引導(dǎo)的定語從句有時(shí)我們可以見到“介詞+where ”引導(dǎo)的定語從句，此時(shí)要和“介詞 +which ”引導(dǎo)的定語從句從意思上加以區(qū)別。如：1. His head soon appeared out of the window , from where he saw nothing but trees 。 他的頭很快從窗 口 露出來，從那兒除了樹木他什么也

36、看不見。(from where相當(dāng)于from out of the windowo而不是from the window)2. They stood on the top of the building, from where they could see the whole city 。 他們站在樓頂上，從那兒能看到整個(gè)城市。(from where 相當(dāng)于 from the top of the building, 而不是 from the building)(五)定語從句中常見錯(cuò)誤例析 1從句中多余賓語The finger I dipped into the cup was not the

37、one I put it into my mouth.The finger I dipped into the cup was not the one I put into my mouth.2從句中缺少主語He is the professor gave us a speech yesterday.He is the professor who gave us a speech yesterday.3從句中主謂不一致I, who is your friend, will try my best to help you.I, who am your friend, will try my be

38、st to help you.主謂一致。如： I just spoke to the doctor who is an eye specialist.He was the only one of youngest girls who plays in the band.4搭配錯(cuò)誤Don t talk about such things that you do not understand.Don t talk about such things as you do not understand.5關(guān)系代詞誤用(1) what 與 that 誤用All what she could do was

39、 to go back home.All that she could do was to go back home.(2) Who 與 whom 誤用The citizens ,most of who were workers ,welcomed the new mayor.The citizens ,most of whom were workers ,welcomed the new mayor.(3) that 與 which 誤用Tonrf s dog, that was very old now, became ill and died,Tonrf s dog, which was

40、 very old now , became ill and died(4) that 與 who誤用They talked about an hour of things and persons who they re membered in the school.They talked about an hour of things and persons that they re membered in the school.6關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞混淆I ve been to the city where you visited last week.I ve been to the cit

41、y that you visited last week7先行詞混淆Is this museum that you visited the other day?Is this museum the one you visited the other day?8定詞從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句混淆Is it in this museum where he works?Is it in this museum that he works?9遺漏介詞The person whom I spoke just now is the managerThe person whom I spoke to just now i

42、s the manager.10錯(cuò)用先行詞前面的限定詞My house which/that I bought last year has a lovely garden before itThe house which/that I-bought last year has a lovely garden before it.My house, which I bought last year, has a lovely garden before it,11錯(cuò)用關(guān)系詞.有以下幾種情況：(1)物主代詞his不能引導(dǎo)定語從句I met Tom ,under his arm there was

43、a book .I met Tom ,under whose arm there was a book .(2)應(yīng)該用關(guān)系詞which而不用人稱代詞it .He lived in a house,in front of it stands a tall tree .He lived in a house,in front of which stands a tall tree .(3)應(yīng)該用關(guān)系詞whom不應(yīng)該用人稱代詞賓格them .I have two brothers, all of them are in Beijing.I have two brothers, all of whom

44、 are in Beijing.(六)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)1. The kind-hearted couple decided to adopt the boy parents had been killed in an accident.A. whose B. who C. with whom D. his2. Last week our school put on an English play Jim acted an important part.A. which B. when C. where D. what3. I have reached a point in my life I am s

45、upposed to make decisions of my own.A. which B. where C. how D. why4. This is an important subject we might argue for a long time.A. about it B. with which C. about which D. with it5. They ve won their last three matches , I find a bit surprising.A. that B. when C. what D. which6. The Science Museum

46、,we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of London s touristattractions.A. whichB. whatC. thatD. where7. The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of left their village homes for a better life in the city.A. whom B. whichC. themD. those8. As a child, Jack studied in a village sc

47、hool,is named after his grandfather.A. which B. where C. what D. that9. After graduating from college , I took some time off to go traveling,turned out to be awise decisionA. that B. which C. when D. where10. The old temple roof was damaged in storm is now under repair.A. where B. which C. its D. wh

48、ose11. That s the new machine parts are too small to be seen.A. that B. which C. whose D. What12. I refuse to accept the blame for something was someone else s fault.A. who B. that C. as D. what13. The newly built caf & the walls of are painted light green, is really a peaceful place forus, especial

49、ly after hard work.A. that B. it C. what D. which14. Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school I met in the English speech contest last year.A. who B. where C. whenD. which15. Children who are not active or diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.A. what B. whose C. whic

50、h D. that16. My friend showed me round the town,was very kind of him.A. which B. that C. where D. it17. -What do you think of teaching, Bob?-1 find it fun and challenging.It is a job you are doing something serious but interesting.A. where B. which C. when D. that18. A person e-mail account is full

51、won t be able to send or receive any e-mails.A. who B. whom C. whose D. whoever19. Many children, parents are away working in big cities , are taken good care of in the village.A. their B. whose C. of them D. with whom20. Whenever I met her,was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile.A. who

52、B. which C. when D. that21. Gun control is a subject Americans have argued for a long time.A. of which B. with which C. about which D. into which22. The house I grew up has been taken down and replaced by an office building.A. in it B. in C. in that D. in which23. Because of the financial crisis, da

53、ys are gone local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan forone night.A. if B. when C. which D. since24. I was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city name will create a picture of beautiful treesand green grass in our mind.A. which B. of which C. that D. whose25. The girl arranged to have piano lessons at

54、 the training centre with her sister she would stay for an hour.A. where B. who C. which D. what26. Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet life has developed gradually.A. that B. where C. which D. whose27. I travel to the Binhai New Area by light railway every day,

55、do many businessmen who livein downtown Tianjin.A. as B. which C. when D. though28. In China, the number of cities is increasing development is recognized across the world.A. whereB. whichC. whose D. that29. Occasions are quite rare I have the time to spend a day with my kids.A. who B. whichC. whyD.

56、 when30. For manycities in the world, there is no room to spread out further, NewYork is an example. A. forwhich B. in which C. ofwhich D. from which31. We went through a period communications were very difficult in the rural areas.A. whichB. whoseC. in whichD. with which32. All the neighbors admire this family,the parents are treating their child like a friend.A. why B. where C. which D. that33. He hid in a nearby palm tree,he could see the patrols searching for him.A. from where B. from which C. there D. which34. Many people like to chat online, , as most of them think, they can expres