中考動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)語法

1、中考動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)語法、常見的被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)Am/is/are+doneThiskindofcarismadeinChina.一般過去時(shí)Was/were+doneTheflyingdiskwasinventedbycollegestudents.一般將來時(shí)Will/shall+bedoneThebridgewillbefinishedinamonth.含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+doneThesebookscanbeputintheemptybox.進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)Am/is/arebeingdone現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)Have/hasbeendone過去進(jìn)行時(shí)Was/werebeingdone

2、過去完成時(shí)態(tài)Hadbeendone二、主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)的特殊情況主動(dòng)語態(tài)中有些感官動(dòng)詞(如hear,see,notice)和使役動(dòng)詞(如：make,let)后不帶to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，要把不定式to還原，即hearabdosth變?yōu)閟bbeheardtodosth;makesbdosth變?yōu)閟bbemadetodosth三、使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的情況1、不知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰ThiswatchwasmadeinChina.2、沒有必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者M(jìn)anytreesshouldbeplantedeveryyear.3、需要強(qiáng)調(diào)和突出動(dòng)作的承受著Chineseisspokenby

3、moreandmorepeopleintheworld.4、句子的主語是物Manyhouseswerewashedawaybytheflood.四、主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表示被動(dòng)意義的情況1、open,look,write,read,sell,clean,cut,burn,drive等詞作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，他們的主語為物，可用主動(dòng)語態(tài)表小被動(dòng)語態(tài)Thiskindofpenwritesverysmoothly.2、look,sound,taste,smell等系動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表示被動(dòng)意義Theflowersmellssweet.3、beworthdoing用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)思義Themovieisworthwat

4、ching.4、want/need/require/+doing相當(dāng)于want/need/require+tobedone,tobedone為不定式的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)Yourbedroomneedscleaningrightnow.=yourbedroomneedstobecleanedrightnow.五、短語表示被動(dòng)：betakencareof、becaughtupwith六、帶雙賓的謂語動(dòng)詞表被動(dòng)如：shegivemeabook.變?yōu)閕wasgivenabook.或者abookwasgiventome.一、英語閱讀理解專項(xiàng)練習(xí)試卷1.閱讀短文，從下面每小題的A、B、CD四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳答案。A

5、manseesabutterfly.Thebutterflytriestogetoutofitschrysalis（蛹）.Feelingsorryforit,themandecidestohelp.Hecutsthechrysalisandthebutterflycomesouteasily.Surprisinglyenough,thebutterflyisunabletofly.Ifthebutterflydoesn'tstruggle（奮斗）toleavethechrysalis,itcan'tfly!Thestruggledevelopstheenergyinthebut

6、terflywhichmakesitfly.Similarly,thechallengesoflifebringoutthebestinyoungpeopleandmakethemfly.Whenpeopleareyoung,meetingandovercomingchallengeswillmakethemstrongandreadytofacelife.Whenwe1oiokatsuccessfulpeople,weseethatthemostsuccessfulofthemarepeoplewhohavehadtostruggle.Onefamousbusinessman,whonowo

7、wnsmanybigsupermarkets,usedtocarryclothesonhisbackandsellthemfromdoortodoorwhenhewasyoung.AnothersuccessfulmanisDennis.Hisfatherdiedwhenhewasonlytwenty.Hisfather'sdeathforcedhimtomaturefast.Hehadtobringupafamilyofninepeople.Hetookupthechallengesandovercamethem.Todayhisbrothersandsistersareleadin

8、gsuccessfullives.Sometimeschallengesdonotappeartousbecausewekeepawayfromthem.Sosomeparentsandteachersactivelyencourageyoungpeopletofacechallenges.Theymightorganizesomeactivitiesforyoungpeoplewhichprovidethemwithchallenges,likerock-climbing,camping,volunteerworkandsoon.However,justpassingexamswillnot

9、prepareapersonforlife.Wemustmeetandovercomechallenges.Theyoungpeopleoftodaywillbecometheleadersoftomorrow.Forcountriestocontinuetobecomesuccessful,itisimportantthattheyoungpeoplelearntomeetchallengesandovercomethem.(1) Fromthestoryweknowthatthebutterflycan'tflybecause.A. itgetsoutbyitselfB. them

10、anfeelssorryforitC. itdoesn'twanttochallengeitselfD. themanhelpsitcomeout(2) Dennis'exampleshowsthatsuccesspeopleshould.A. overcomethedifficultiesB. takeupbusinessearlyC. becometheleadersoftomorrowD. sellclothesfromdoortodoor(3) WhichstatementisTRUE?A. Youngpeopleshouldfacechallengesbecauset

11、heyarestrong.B. LosinghisfathermadeDennismatureinaslowway.C. Rock-climbingandcampingcanshapethestrongwill.D. Themostsuccessfulpeopledon'tneedtostruggle.(4) Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?A. GodHelpsThoseWhoHelpThemselvesB. YoungPeopleMustDealWithDifficultiesAloneC. NothingIsImpossibleToAWillin

12、gHeartD. ChallengesofLifeBringOuttheBestinYoungPeople【答案】(1)DA(3)C(4)D【解析】【分析】本文通過蝴蝶破繭而出、一位成功的商人的經(jīng)歷講述了勇敢面對生活中的苦難的重要性。(1)細(xì)節(jié)題。Hecutsthechrysalisandthebutterflycomesouteasily.他切割了蛹，蝴蝶很容D。易出來?？芍?yàn)槿藥椭鰜淼模瑢?dǎo)致了蝴蝶不能飛，故選(2)推理題。根據(jù)Hetookupthechallengesandovercamethem.他接受了挑戰(zhàn)并戰(zhàn)勝了他們可知，丹尼斯的例子表明成功的人應(yīng)該克服困難，故選Ao33)推理

13、題。根據(jù)Theymightorganizesomeactivitiesforyoungpeoplewhichprovidethemwithchallenges,likerock-climbing,camping他們可能會(huì)為年輕人組織一些給他們帶來挑戰(zhàn)的活動(dòng)，比如攀巖、露營可知，攀巖和露營可以塑造堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的意志是對的，故選Co(4)主旨題。根據(jù)本文通過蝴蝶破繭而出、一位成功的商人的經(jīng)歷講述了勇敢面對生活中的苦難的重要性可知，ChallengesofLifeBringOuttheBestinYoungPeople生活的挑戰(zhàn)讓年輕人展現(xiàn)出最好的一面適合做標(biāo)題，故選Do【點(diǎn)評(píng)】考查閱讀理解。本文涉及細(xì)節(jié)題

14、、推斷題和主旨題，細(xì)節(jié)題要注意從文中尋找答案；推斷題需要聯(lián)系上下文，推斷出需要的信息，主旨題需要通讀全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。2.閱讀理解Mr.andMrs.Smithhavetwochildren,KevinandJenny.Thewholefamilyareallbusy,sotheyoftenleavenotestoeachother.Herearethesefournotesoftoday.3:30pmToKevin,Mr.Kingrang,tellingthereisnofootballpracticetoday,andheaskedyoutogetreadyforthefoo

15、tballmatchtomorrow.Jenny4:00pmToJenny,It'syourturntowalkourpetdogTeddyandplaywithhimafterschool.Kevin6:45pmToall,Hasanyonefoundmytennisshoes?I'mdoingmyhomeworkinmybedroom.Kevin9:00pmToKevin,Isawyourshoesthismorning.TheysmeltterriblesoIputthemoutsidethebackdoor.Goodnight,dear!Mum(1)wasaskedto

16、walkthepetdogafterschool.A.MumB.KevinC.Jenny(2) Kevinwasdoinghishomeworkinthe.A.bedroomB.gardenC.livingroom(3) Kevincouldfindhistennisshoesat6:45pm.A.underthedeskB.outsidethebackdoorC.inthebag(4) WhatwillKevinprobablydotomorrow?A. PlaywithTeddy.B.Playtennis.C.Playinafootballmatch.Whatcanwelearnfromt

17、henotes?A.Teddydoesn'tliketostayathome.B. Mr.Kingmaybeacoach.C. MumwashedKevin'sshoes.【答案】(1)CA(3) B(4) CB【解析】【分析】短文大意：本文講述了斯密斯夫婦有兩個(gè)兒女。一個(gè)是凱文，另一個(gè)是珍妮。由于比較忙，所以他們彼此留言。本材料就他們之間的留言。(1)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ToJenny,It'syourturntowalkourpetdogTeddyandplaywithhimafterschool,珍妮，輪到你今天放學(xué)后遛咱們的寵物狗泰迪。故選C。(2)細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)

18、6:45pm,Toall,Hasanyonefoundmytennisshoes?I'mdoingmyhomeworkinmybedroom,Kevin,可知，時(shí)間6:45,有誰見到我的網(wǎng)球鞋，我在臥室做作業(yè)。故答案選Ao(3)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Isawyourshoesthismorning.TheysmeltterriblesoIputthemoutsidethebackdoor.Goodnight,dear!Mum.可知，我在今天早上看到你的鞋，太難聞了，于是我就把它們后門的外面。可知可以在后門外找到球鞋。故選Bo(4)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ToKevin,Mr,Kingrang,tel

19、lingthereisnofootballpracticetoday,andheaskedyoutogetreadyforthefootballmatchtomorrow,致凱文，王先生打電話，說今天不進(jìn)行足球訓(xùn)練，他讓你準(zhǔn)備一下明天的足球比賽，可知明天凱文要參加足球比賽。故選Co(5)細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)ToKevin,Mr,Kingrang,tellingthereisnofootballpracticetoday,andheaskedyoutogetreadyforthefootballmatchtomorrow,致凱文，王先生打電話，說今天不進(jìn)行足球訓(xùn)練，他讓你準(zhǔn)備一下明天的足球比賽?？芍?/p>

20、王先生可能是一位足球教練。故選Bo【點(diǎn)評(píng)】此題考查閱讀理解。先分析問題，然后帶著問題仔細(xì)閱讀圖表中的內(nèi)容，從細(xì)節(jié)中找出問題的信息確定正確答案。3.閱讀材料，然后從各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出一個(gè)最佳答案。Everyyear,morethan26,000childrenarriveinBritain.Weasksomenewarrivalswhattheylikebestabouttheirnewlivesandwhat'sdifferentfromhome.Jarek,PolandDaisy&Luck,theUSAIdon'tknowanybodyfromPolandher

21、e,butI'mluckybecausetheEnglishboynextdoorisveryfriendlyandkind.Weareinthesameclass!Iliketeachershere.Athome,theteachersseemabitstrictandserious.Therearealotofrules,too.Here,teachersarepatientanddon'tgivemuchhomework.Westudentsgcoutofschoolandbuypizzaorburgersatlunchtime.Wecan'tdothatinPo

22、land.MysisterandIlikelivinghere.It'scool!MysisterlovestheBritishaccent(口音)Everybodyhereisverypolite.Butwedon'tunderstandallyourstrangewords-wesa)"yard"notgarden,and"apartment"notflat.Thefoodisbetterhere.There'sChinese,IndianandThai.Athomeweeattoomuchfastfood.Zinah,Ind

23、iaIt'stoocoldhere!Ihatedoingsports,especiallyoutsideinwinter.Theteacherhereisveryseriousaboutsports.Ipreferscienceandmaths.Ilovethemathsclassbecausetheteacherisreallyfunny,justlikemymathsteacherinIndia.Theschoolissobigandsomestudentsseemunfriendly.I'mfromasmallvillageschool.Ithinkit'shar

24、dtocommunicatewiththem.(1) Amongtheabovefourchildren,probablylikesthenewschoollifebest.A.LuckB.ZinahC.JarckD.Daisy(2) InZinah'seyes,hermathsteacherinIndiamightbe.A.coldB.strictC.patientD.humorous(3) Thepassageisprobablytakenfrom.A. atravelmagazineB. aneducationwebsiteC. ageographytextbookD. abus

25、inessnewspaper【答案】(1)CD3 3)B【解析】【分析】文章大意：介紹了Jarek,Daisy,Lucy和Zinah來到英國以后自己的學(xué)習(xí)生活體驗(yàn)。(1)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中第一個(gè)方框中的語句Iliketeachershere.可知，Jarek喜歡這里的學(xué)校生活，故選Co(2)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中的語句Ilovethemathsclassbecausetheteacherisreallyfunny,justlikemymathsteacherinIndia.理解可知，Zinah認(rèn)為他的數(shù)學(xué)老師比較滑稽，幽默，故選Do(3)理解歸納題。通讀全文可知，這篇文章主要介紹了四個(gè)到英國學(xué)

26、習(xí)的學(xué)生自己的學(xué)習(xí)體會(huì)，應(yīng)該與教育有關(guān)，故選Bo【點(diǎn)評(píng)】考查閱讀理解。本文考查細(xì)節(jié)題和主旨題等常考題型，細(xì)節(jié)題要注意從文中抓住關(guān)鍵詞尋找答案；主旨題需要通讀全文，了解大意之后找出主題句。4 .閱讀理解Sciencefictionisapopularkindofwriting,andmanypeoplethinkofJulesVerne(凡爾納)asthefatherofsciencefiction.HewasborninFrancein1828.Hisfatherwantedhimtobecomealawyer,butfromhisearly20sVernedecidedtobecomeawr

27、iter.Atfirsthewroteplaysforthetheater.Then,in1863,hewroteastorycalledFiveWeeksinaBalloon.ThesuccessofthisbookencouragedhimtowritemorestoriessuchasAJourneytotheCenteroftheEarth(1864)andFromtheEarthtotheMoon(1865).Inthe19thcentury,manypeoplewereinterestedinscienceandinventions.JulesVernewroteaboutscie

28、ntificsubjectsinhisstoriesand,asaresult,theywereverypopular.Verne'swritingincludedmanypredictions(預(yù)言)forthe20thcenturyandmanyofthemcametrue.Hedescribedspaceflight,movies,andairconditioning,alongtimebeforetheyappeared.ThesebookswereverysuccessfulandtheymadeVernerich.JulesVerne'sbookshavebeent

29、hesubjectsformanymovies.20,000LeaguesundertheSeawasasuccessfulmovieforWaltDisney.ItwasthefirsttimethatDisneymoviehadusedrealactorsinsteadofcartoondrawings.AroundtheWorldinEightyDaysisanotherfamousmoviebasedononeofVerne'sbooks.ThemaincharacterisanEnglishmancalledPhileasFogg.Forhim,themostimportan

30、tthingistobealwaysontime!(1) Whatdoesthephrase"thefatherofsciencefiction"mean?A.Thefatherwhohasseveralchildren.B. Themanwholovesscienceandinventions.C. Thewriterwhosefatherwrotesciencefiction.D. Themanwhofirststartedwritingsciencefictionsuccessfully.(2) WhatencouragedJulesVernetowritemores

31、tories?A.Theplayshewroteforthetheater.B.Theencouragementfromhisfather.C.ThesuccessofFiveWeeksinaBalloon.D.Thescientificsubjectsinhisstories.(3) WhywereJulesVerne'sbooksverypopularinthe19thcentury?A. Becausehisbooksmadehimrichandfamous.B. Becausehewrotemanyplaysforthetheateratthattime.C. Becauseh

32、isbookswerethesubjectsformanymovies.D. Becausemanypeoplewereinterestedinscienceandinventions.(4) WhichofthefollowinghasthemaincharactercalledPhileasFogg?A.FiveWeeksinaBalloon.B.AroundtheWorldinEightyDays.C.AJourneytotheCenteroftheEarth.D.FromtheEarthtotheMoon.(5) Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefoll

33、owingisTRUE?A. ThespaceflightVernedescribedwasdifferentfromothers.B. ThemaincharactersinVerne'sbooksarealwaysontime.C. JulesVerneonlywroteinthe19thcentury.D. ManyofthepredictionsinVerne'sstoriescametrue.【答案】(1)DC(3) D(4) BD【解析】【分析】文章大意：許多人認(rèn)為朱勒凡爾納是科幻小說之父，他的父親希望他能成為一名律師，但是當(dāng)他二十歲的時(shí)候，凡爾納決定成為一名作家，

34、他的書寫的非常受歡迎，朱勒凡爾納的書已經(jīng)成為許多電影的主題。(1)詞語理解題。根據(jù)短語thefatherofsciencefiction科幻小說之父?？芍?，JulesVerne被認(rèn)為是第一個(gè)寫科幻小說的人，故選Do(2)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中的語句hewroteastorycalledFiveWeeksinaBalloon.Thesuccessofthisbookencouragedhimtowritemorestories可知故事Five'WeeksinaBalloon的成功讓凡爾納更有動(dòng)力寫更多的小說，故選C(3)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中的語句由文中Inthe19thcentury,ma

35、nypeoplewereinterestedinscienceandinventions.JulesVernewroteaboutscientificsubjectsinhisstoriesand,asaresult,theywereverypopular.可知在19世紀(jì)，許多人對科學(xué)和發(fā)明感興趣。儒勒凡爾納在他的小說中寫下了科學(xué)主題，因此很受歡迎。故選D。(4)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中的語句AroundtheWorldinEightyDaysisanotherfamousmoviebasedononeofVerne'sbooks.ThemaincharacterisanEnglishma

36、ncalledPhileasFogg.可知八十天環(huán)游世界是根據(jù)凡爾納的一本書改編的另一部著名電影。主角是一個(gè)叫斐利亞?？说挠?。故選B。(5)理解判斷題。根據(jù)文中的語句Verne'swritingincludedmanypredictions(預(yù)言)forthe20thcenturyandmanyofthemcametrue.可知凡爾納的作品包括了許多對20世紀(jì)的預(yù)言，其中許多預(yù)言都實(shí)現(xiàn)了，故選Do【點(diǎn)評(píng)】考查閱讀理解。本題主要考查了細(xì)節(jié)理解題，詞義理解歸納題以及判斷題，做題的時(shí)候，先從題目中找到一個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞，它可以幫助我們很快地定位原文，找到答案。5.閱讀理解Whatcouldapo

37、emwriterandafilmdirectorshare?Morethanyouthink!LangstonHughesbeganwritingpoemsinhighschoolandsoonbecameoneofAmerica'sgreatestwriters.MostofhiswritingisabouthisexperiencesasanAfricanAmerican.Hewrotepoemsaboutpeoplewhoworkedhardthroughlifebutstillfoundthingstobehappyabout.Hewroteplaysandbooksabout

38、justice(正義)forallpeople,andhewrotekids'books,too.TheSweetandSourAnimalBookisabookofhisanimalpoems.Picturesandphotoswereusedinthebook."Holdfasttodreams"isalineinafamousHughespoem.That'sexactlywhathedidthroughouthislife.WhenStevenSpielbergwasinmiddleschool,hewantedtomakeafilm.Hehadan

39、ideaforafilm,butnomoney.Hestartedatree-plantingbusinessandmadehisfilmwiththemoneyheearned.Spielbergneverstoppedmakingfilms,evenaftermanyfilmschoolsrefusedhim.Todayheisoneofthemostpopularandimportantfilmmakersintheworld.Hisfilmsareaboutpeoplewhoareadventurous(愛冒險(xiǎn)的)，brave,kind.Hischaractersoftenfightf

40、orwhatisgood.SomeofhisfilmsareabouthisJewishbackground,suchasSchindler'sList.Spielbergoncesaid,"Idon'tdreamthatmuchatnightbecauseIdreamforaliving."Indifferentways,bothHughesandSpielberghaveencouragedpeopleofallagestoreachfortheirdreams.(1) Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.TwomenwhowereafraidtodreamB.TwofilmmakerswhowereafraidtodreamC.Twowriterswhoweren'tafraidtodream"D.Twomenwhoweren'tafraidtodream(2) WhenLangstonHughesbecamegreathewasStevenSpielberg,whobecomespopular.A.asoldasB.asyoungasC.youngerthanD.olderthan(3) WhichofthefollowingisLangstonHughes&#