初中英語介詞用法詳解與練習.-共17頁

1、詞類、句子成分和構詞法：1、詞類：英語詞類分十種：名詞、形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、冠詞、動詞、副詞、介詞、連詞、感嘆詞。1、名詞（n.）:表示人、事物、地點或抽象概念的名稱。如： boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange.2、代詞（pron.）: 主要用來代替名詞。如： who, she, you, it .3、形容詞（adj.）:表示人或事物的性質或特征。 如：good, right, white, orange .4、數(shù)詞（num.）： 表示數(shù)目或事物的順序。如： one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth.5、

2、動詞（v.）： 表示動作或狀態(tài)。如： am, is,are,have,see .6、副詞（adv.）:修飾動詞、形容詞或其他副詞，說明時間、地點、程度等。 如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly.7、冠詞（art.）:用在名詞前，幫助說明名詞。如：a, an, the.8、介詞（prep.）:表示它后面的名詞或代詞與其他句子成分的關系。如in, on,from, above, behind.9、連詞（conj.）： 用來連接詞、短語或句子。如 and, but, before .10、感嘆詞（interj.）表示喜、怒、哀、樂等感情。如： oh, w

3、ell, hi, hello.2、句子成分：英語句子成分分為七種：主語、謂語、賓語、定語、狀語、 表語、賓語補足語。1、主語是句子所要說的人或事物，回答是“誰”或者“什么”。通常用名詞 或代詞擔任。如：I' m Miss Green.（我是格林小姐）2、謂語動詞說明主語的動作或狀態(tài)，回答“做（什么）”。主要由動詞擔任。如： Jack cleans the room every day.杰克每天打掃房間 ）3、表語在系動詞之后，說明主語的身份或特征，回答是“什么”或者“怎么樣”。 通常由名詞、代詞或形容詞擔任。如： My name is Ping ping .我的名字叫萍萍）4、賓語表示

4、及物動詞的對象或結果，回答做的是“什么”。通常由名詞或代 詞擔任。如：He can spell the word.他能拼這個詞）有些及物動詞帶有兩個賓語，一個指物，一個指人。指物的叫直接賓語，指人的 叫間接賓語。問接賓語一般放在直接賓語的前面。如：He wrote me a letter .（他給我寫了一封信）有時可把介詞to或for加在間接賓語前構成短語，放在直接賓語后面，來強調(diào) 間接賓語。如：He wrote a letter to me .他給我寫了一封信）5、定語修飾名詞或代詞，通常由形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞等擔任。如：Shanghai is a big city .（h海是個大城市）6、狀

5、語用來修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞，通常由副詞擔任。如：He works hard .他 工作努力）7、賓語補足語用來說明賓語怎么樣或干什么，通常由形容詞或動詞充當。如： They usually keep their classroom clean他們通常讓教室保持清潔 ）/ He often helps me do my lessons.他常常幫我做功課 ）/ The teacher wanted me to learn French all by myself.（老師要我自學法語）同位語通常緊跟在名詞、代詞后面，進一步說明它的情況。如：Where is your classmate Tom的的

6、同學湯姆在哪里？）3、構詞法：英語構詞法主要有：合成法、派生法和轉換法。1、合成法： 如： spaceship, headache, basketball, playground等。2、派生法：（1）派生名詞：動詞+er/or動詞+ing動詞+（t）ion形容詞+ness具 他，如：inventor, learner, swimming, congratulation, kindness, carelessness, knowledge（2）派生形容詞：名詞+y名詞+ful動詞+ing/edfriendly dangerous Chinese; Japanese® English F

7、rench German 國名+（i）an 如： snowy, sunny, hopeful, beautiful, interesting, follwing, daily（每日的）,nervous, delicious（3）派生副詞：形容詞 +ly 其它，如：slowly, angrily, full -fully, good-well, possible possibly 等等。3、轉換法：（1）形容詞動詞，如：dry（干燥的）-dry（弄干），clean（干凈的）fclean（打掃，弄 干凈），等等。（2）動詞名詞，如：look, walk, rest, work, study, sw

8、im, go, talk 等等。（3）名詞-動詞，如：handb）-（傳遞）,faced）f（面對）等等。（4）形容詞-副詞，如：early-early, fasCfast等等。（5）副詞連詞，如：when（什么時候）（當時候），等等。（6）介詞-副詞，如：in（到里）-（在里面；在家）,on（在上尸（進行，繼續(xù)）， 箋箋 專專初中英語介詞定義：介詞是一種用來表示詞與詞，詞與句之間的關系的詞。在句中不能單 獨作句字成分。介詞后面一般有名詞代詞或相當于名詞的其他詞類，短語或從句 作它的賓語。介詞和它的賓語構成介詞詞組，在句中作狀語，表語，補語或介詞 賓語。一、表示時間的介詞：1、in , on,

9、 at 在時in表示較長時間，如世紀、朝代、時代、年、季節(jié)、月及一般（非特指）的 早、中、晚等。如 in the 20th century, in the 1950s, in 1989, in summer, in January, in the morning, in the night, in one ' s life , in one等。 's thirtieson表示具體某一天及其早、中、晚。如 on May 1st, on Monday, on New Year ' s Day, on a cold night in January, on a fine mo

10、rning, on Sunday afternoon 等。at表示某一時刻或較短暫的時間，或泛指圣誕節(jié)，復活節(jié)等。如 at 3:20, at this time of year, at the beginning of, at the end of ，at the age of ， at Christmas, at night, at noon, at this moment。注意：在 last, next, this, that, some, every 等詞之前一律不用介詞。如： We meet every day.“at時間點，有on必有天，in指月季年，也和色相連”就是說，有具體的時間

11、點的時候用 at,具體那一天用on,說到月份，季節(jié)，年 份，就用in ；而且說誰穿了什么顏色的衣服的時候，也是用 in（color） at用于某一具體時刻或重大節(jié)日之前在初中階段常見的固定短語in English用英語兒、不久in a hurry匆匆忙忙細地in a word 一句話怎樣in the end 最后in fact事實上面in some ways在某些方面in a minute 一會兒、立亥Uin danger在危險中in all總共in spite of 盡管in good health身體健康的in common共同的in a short while 一會in full全部地、

12、詳in every case 不管in person 親自in front of 在前in public 當眾2、before、afterbefore表示“在某時刻或某件事之前" ，after用在時刻或某件事之后3、by、until、till(1) by表示“在之前，到為止”(2) till與until都有“直到”或"直到為止”之意，till多用于口語， 且不能放在旬首，till和until用于肯定何時，主句中動詞的動作一致延續(xù)到till或until后的時間為止；till和until用于否定何時，主句中的動詞是瞬間動作，它 的動作要到till或until后的時間才發(fā)生。 H

13、e can not be back January.到一月份他才回來。(till/until )We waited 10 oclock last night.昨晚我們一直等至U 10點鐘。(till/until )4. in , after兩者都有“在一段時間之后”之意，但“ in+時間段”表示時間從現(xiàn)在算起， 常用語將來時態(tài)；而“ after+時間段/時間點”表示的時間從過去算起，多用于過 去式。Eg:(1) I will finish the work two hours.兩個小時后我將完成這項工作。(2) He returned his hometown half an year.年后他

14、返回了他的故鄉(xiāng)?！究碱}再現(xiàn)】 No hurry.The bus will arrive ten minutes.A .at B. for C.in D. by【解析】在將來時中，in用在一段時間之前，表示在一段時間之后。故選 C二、表示地點的介詞：表示方位的介詞：in、on、to1 In表小“在內(nèi)”，on表小“與相鄰”，to表小“在之外，又不相鄰” A is in the northeast of BA is on the west of B B is to the east of A.2、表示“在之上或之下”的介詞above, over, on 在上above指在上方，不強調(diào)是否垂直，與 b

15、elow相對；over指垂直的上方，與under相對，但over與物體有一定的空間，不直接接觸。on表示某物體上面并與之接觸。The bird is flying above my head.There is a bridge over the river.He put his watch on the desk. below, under 在下面 under表示在正下方below 表示在下，不一定在正下方3、表示在某地的介詞：at、in、onat-表示較小的地點，in 一表示較大的地方， on表示在一個平面上。4、表示“前、后”的介詞in front of , in the front of

16、, before 表示 “在之前”in front of = before表示“在某一范圍之外的前面”in the front of表示“在某一范圍之內(nèi)的前部” at the back of, behind, after三者均有“在 之后”之意，at the back of是 in the front of 的反義詞，表示“在某一范圍之內(nèi)的后部" ，behind是in front of的反義詞，表示“在 某一范圍之外的后面”，After可與behind互換，也可以用于表示運動的詞詞后面。5、表示“里外”的介詞in表示“在內(nèi)”,有靜止之意，inside表示“在一里面”、“到里面”，強調(diào)

17、 “以為界”之意，into表示動作的方向,意為“到 內(nèi)”。outside是inside的反義詞，表示“在 外面”，out of是into的反義詞，表示 “到外”。6. from, to, for, into, out of1）from 從.The train started from Paris.She will fly from Beijing to HK.2）to至卜.（目的地）去，向.He went to Guangzhou last year.They got to the town very late.3）for向.,表目的方向He left for Tianjin on busin

18、ess yesterday.The train for Shanghai has been away.Towards, to和for都可表示方向，其區(qū)別如下：Towards僅指朝向某個方向，不一定是目的地，而 to和for都是“向目的地”。For作“向（目的地）時，常用于固定搭配中，如： leave for, start for4) into進入Please put the water into the bottle.The teacher came into the classroom.5)outof 從.出來A girl in red went out of the shop.They p

19、ulled him out of the water.三、其他介詞1、表示材料與手段的介詞：with, by, inwith表示“用某種工具"。如：He broke the window with a stone.他用石頭把玻 璃砸壞了。注意：with表示用某種工具時，必須用冠詞或物主代詞。by指“靠手段”，“用一方法”，“憑借動作”，所表示的方法、手段、途徑 比較抽象，后接名詞、代詞或動名詞，也可和 bus、plane、bike等表示交通手段 的名詞連用。in表示“所用材料以及所用的語言、聲音、衣飾等”2、of, from, aboutOf表示“屬于的”，表示數(shù)量或種類；from表

20、示“是哪里人”以及時間或時間 的起點來自；about ”關于”、”大約、左右”等。X四、幾個已混介詞的用法辨析1)表示“在之間”的介詞：between, amongbetween指在兩個人或兩個事物之間；among指在三個或三個以上的人或事物之間。2)by, with, in表示方法、手段、工具by以方法、手段或泛指某種交通工具；with表示用工具、手段，一般接具體的工具和手段；in表示用方式，用語言(語調(diào)、筆墨、顏色)等；He makes a living by selling newspapers.He broke the window with a stone.The foreigner

21、 spoke to us in English.五、含有介詞的固定搭配1、介詞與動詞do well in在某方回做 的好do with處置agree with sb.同意杲人begin with以一開始laugh at嘲笑help with在一方面 幫助leave for動身去某地catch up with趕上get on/a long with與相處arrive in/at到達makefriend with與交朋友take care of照顧、照 料look at看listen to聽hear from聽說look for尋找turn on/off打開/ 關上send for派人去請look

22、 after照看、照料put on穿上pay for為一付錢Look over檢查depend on枷靠 依依wait for等候fill with充滿ask for要，要 求2、介詞和形容詞的固定搭配be satisfied with sb.be good/bad for對某人感到滿 意對啟益/有害be weak inbe late for在某方面差遲到be pleased with sb.對某人感到滿 意be busy with忙于be angry at sth.因一而生氣be made of由制成be angry at sb.生某人的氣be good at在方面做的好be full of

23、充滿be different from與一不同be strict with sb.對某人要求嚴 格be strict in sth.對某事要求嚴格be proud of以一為榮3、介詞與名詞搭配in time及時at work在工作on time按時in fact事實上at home;在家at once馬上at night晚上in trouble處于困境on foot步行on duty值日in a hurry匆忙in the sun在陽光下1()1 Children get gifts Christmas and their birthdays.A. on; on B. at; on C. i

24、n; in D. in; on()2 -There is nothing tomorrow afternoon, is there?-No. We can have a game of table tennis.A. on B. in C. out D. up()3 A lot of students in our school were born March, 1981.A. in B. at C. on D. since()4 Tim suddenly returneda rainy night.A. on B. at C. in D. during()5 My grandfather w

25、as born Oct. 10, 1935.A. on B. in C. at D. of()6 The train is starting five minutes.A. in B. at C. for D.still()7 Mike does his exercises seven the evening.A. on; to B. at; in C. by; of D. at; on()1 The population of the world has grown very fast four hundred years.A. for past the B. in the pass C.

26、in the past D. for past()2 We returned to our hometown.A. next week B. in the last week C. last week D. for a week()3 Great changes have taken place.A. in the last few year B. in the last few years C. last year D. on the last year 3()1 Children wake up very early the morning of Christmas Day.A. in B

27、. on C. for D. at()2 a cold winter morning, I met her at the bus stop.A. In B. On C. At DFor()3 It happened to be very cold the morning of our sports meet.A. at B. on C. with D. of()4 Why did you get up so earlythis morning.A. on B. / C. at D. in4()1 He went to Shanghai September 3, 1991 and came ba

28、ck a coldmorning last year.A. in; on B. on; in C. on; on D. in; in()2 Lucy was born the night of May 12, 1984A. on B. in C. at D. to()3 Mrs Brown came to China 2019.A.on B. of C. to, D. in()4 the morning of November 20, 1915, the workers came to Chicago toshow their mourning Joe Hill.A. On; to B. In

29、; of . C. On; for , D. At; for()5 Ann moved Hangzhou September, 1992./; in i B. to; in C. to; on D, in; in()6 They started offan autumn afternoon.A. during B. at C. in D. on5-()1 He often goes school six thirty the morning.A. for; to; in B. to; at in C. to; for; at D, for; at; to()2 He arrived Shang

30、hai 9: 30 March 5. fA. at; in; at B. to; on; at C. in; on; at D. in; at; on()3 The English teacher told me to get there half past ten.A: in B. at C. on D. Of()4 The children get up6 o'clock.A. at B. on C. during D. in6-()1 The doctor worked five hours a rest.A. for; with B. on; without C. about;

31、 having D. for; without()2 I worked on the problem a long time and I worked it out myself last.A. for; by; at B. in; with; on C. on; by; in D. for; for; at the()3 A new factory will be set up:a year. A. for B. in C. after D. on()4 Two years he began to write another story-book.A. after B. later ; C.

32、 in D. late()5 We will finish the picture a day.A. in B. on C. after D. on()6 The workers had been strike almost a month.A. on; in B. at; in C. on; for D. on; during()7 Mr Brown had lain the ground four hours before they finallyfound him.A. on; for B. at; in C. on; after D. in; during 7()1 The teach

33、er is coming back an hour.A. after B. for C. in D. before()2 She lived in the mountain village the years 1940-1950.A. between B. during C. in D. since()3 Miss Wang will come to Beijing two days.A. after B. in C. on D. before()4 The American Civil War lasted four years before the North won theend.A.

34、by B. at C. in D. on8()7 Mary had finished her homework the time I got home.A. until B. by C. at D. when()2 We stayed at the lab our teacher returned.A. till B. by C. during D. while()3 They didn't leave the station they get on the train.A. until B. by C. after y D. at91 Don't worry. He will

35、 return.A. before long B. long before C. long long ago D. long ago2 There lived an old man, fishing at sea.A. long before B. before long C. long time ago D. soon3 It was not they came back.A. long before B. before long C. long time before D. long after4 I was told that his uncle had gone to France .

36、A. long before -B. shortly after C. before long D. long ago10()1 Tom gets up at five in the morning.A. Sometime B. Sometimes C. Some time D. Some times()2 I remember we met each other last year.A. Sometime' B. some times C. some time D. sometimes()3 Mary and I have been to the Great Wall,.A. som

37、etime B. some time C. sometimes D. some times()4 He studied English for in London, and then he went to America.A. sometimes B. sometime newB. some time B. some times11()1 I don't like to sit Tom's right. I would like to sit the back row.A. on; in B. in; on C. on; at D. at; on()2 There is a b

38、rook red flowers and green grass both sides. A. ofwith B. with; on C. of; at D. with; in()3 There are many trees of the road! And of the trees isgrowing larger and largerA. on both side; a number B. on each sides; a numberC. on both sides; the number D. on every side; the number12()1 The plane is fl

39、ying.A. in the sky B. in. the air C. in space D. in sky()2 There is a sweet smell.A. in the air B. in the open air C. in the sky D. in the space()3 We held an interesting party.A. in the air B. in the sky C. in the open air D. in space()4 Seen from, the earth appears to be a big blue ball.A. the spa

40、ce B. space C. a space D. this space13()1 Tom sits the classroom while John sits the room.A. in front of; at back of B. in the front of; at the back ofC. in front of; at the back of D. in the front of; at back of()2 Lucy sits the third row,Jim's left.A. on; on B. in; at C. at; in D. in; on()3 Ji

41、angsu isthe east of China, but Japan isthe east of China.A. to; in B. in; to . C. on; to D. to; on 14()1. -Can I look up a word your dictionary?haven't got me.A. into; about B. in; with C. at; in D. on; on ()2 1 like mooncakes meat them.A. in; on B. with; on C. in; the D. with; in()3 When you ar

42、e trouble please ask help us.A. in; from B. in; for C. on; from D. on; of()4 The shopkeeper said they had sold out the shoes your size.A. about B. in C. to D. of()5 I saw himhurry at the moment.A. in a B. in C. on D. on a15()1 He put up a map the back wall because there was a hole it.A. on; on B. at

43、; in C. on; in D. on; at()2 There is a door the wall. A. on B. to C. of D.in()3 This kind of VCD is made China. .A. in B. from C. at D. on()4 Any man eyes his head can see that he's exactly like a rope.A. with; on B. with; in C. on; with D. in; with 16()1 There are some birds singing the trees.A

44、. in B. on C. at D. from()2 Don't read the sun. It's bad your eyes.A. in; to B. under; for C. with; to D. in; on()3 The woman a blue dress is my teacher.A. in B. on C. of D. at()4 There are so many applesthat tree.A. in JB, on C. at , D. from17()1 The boat is passing the bridge.A. through B.

45、 below C. under D. across()2 Two planes are flying the city.A. through B. over , C. on , D, below()3 We can see a river running to the east the hill.A. under B. below C. over D. on()4 Do you see the kitethe building.A. over B. cross C. on D. above18()1 The United States is the south of Canada and th

46、e east of Japan.A. to; in B.on;to C. in; beside D. at; on()2 My hometown lies the city.I often go to the city by bike.A. 50 miles in the east; However B. to the east 40 miles of; ButC. in the east 45 miles from; But D. 35 miles east of; However()3 The man stoodthe window, watching the boys playing o

47、utside.A. in B. by C. with D. to()4 Japan lies the east of China.A. on B/ to C. in D. with19()1 Is the street too narrow for the bus to go?A. through B. across C. on D. in()2 A mother camel was walking her son the desert.A. without; along B. with; through C. next to; pass D. beside; through()3 The r

48、iver runs the city.A. across B. through C. over D. from()4 It took us over an hour to walk this street.A. from B. through C. over D. across20()1 Uncle Wang arrived No. 14 Middle School half an hour ago.A. at B. in C., to A D. /()2 Did your friend send you somethingthe end of last week?A. at B. by C.

49、 in D. to一()3 The monument those heroes stands the foot of the mountain.A. of; at B. to; on C. for; by D. to; at()4 My uncle lives 88 Beijing Street.A. to B. of C. at D. on()5 They are waiting a bus the bus stop.A. for; in B. on; at C. with; at D. for; at21()1 Wood is of ten made paper.A. by B. from

50、 C. of D. into()2 research the universe scientists have put a lot of informationcomputers.A. With; over; at B." On; at; to C. In; about; into D. For; with; through()3; When a piece of ice is taken a warm room, it gets smaller andsmaller until the end it disappears completely.A. in; in B. out of

51、; at C. into; in D. to; by()4 A woman fell the boat the water.A. off; into B. at; below C. down; under D. away; in 22()1 The tables in the restaurant are so close together that there's hardly any room to move them.A. among B. Between C. in the middle of D. at thecentre of()2 English is widely us

52、ed for business different countries.A. between B. to C. for D. on()3 Is there any difference these two sentences?A. for B. in C. among D. between()4 We visited him at his workplace the young trees and ask him abouthis work. EA. in B. among C. between D. at()5 There is the difference Chinese food and

53、 American food.A. from B. at C. between D. by()6 The police station is the clothing shopthe post office.A. between; and B. among; andC. near; of D. on; right()7 He is _ the greatest scientists in the world.A. among B. between C. in D. of23 一()1 There is a book-store our house.A. at B. through C. acr

54、oss D. near()2 Our headmaster showed the visitors our school.A. to B. for C. around -; D. near()3 The moon is theto the earth.A. closed B. near C. nearest D. close24()1 We have classes every day Sunday.A. beside B. besides C. except D. except for()2 Nobody knew it me.A. but B. beside C. besides D. w

55、ithout()3 What do you spend your time on work and study?A. except B. besides C. but D. without()4 Do you know any other foreign language English.A. without B. beside C. besides D. except()5 We need fifteen more people the twenty of us to do the job.A. besides B. and C. except D. without()6 No one kn

56、ew where Mr Smith lived his daughter.A. besides B. and C, only D. except 25()1 the help of the teacher, Tom has made rapid progress hisstudies.A. For; at B. Of; for C. By; on D. With; in()2 The children are interested this subject.A. to B. with C. in D. at()3 His mother often helps him English so he does better Englishthan others. ;A. with; in B. on; in C. in; with D. with; at()4 I've lost my interest physics.A. in B. on C. at D. for()5 He drove away the