量水堰槽構(gòu)造及安裝的技術(shù)參考

1、七、量水堰槽構(gòu)造及安裝的技術(shù)參考選擇量水堰槽的種類，要考慮渠道內(nèi)流量的大小，渠道內(nèi)水的流態(tài)，是否能形成自由流。流量小于40L/s時，一般應(yīng)選擇直角三角堰。大于40L/s，一般應(yīng)選擇使用巴歇爾槽。流量大于40L/s，渠道內(nèi)水位落差又較大，可以選擇矩形堰。條件允許，最好選擇巴歇爾槽。巴歇爾槽的水位-流量關(guān)系是由實(shí)驗(yàn)標(biāo)定出來的，而且對上游行進(jìn)渠槽條件要求較弱。三角堰和矩形堰的水位-流量關(guān)系來源于理論計算，容易由于忽視一些使用條件，帶來附加誤差。量水堰槽可以用玻璃鋼制做。三角堰和矩形堰的堰口是關(guān)鍵尺寸，加工要準(zhǔn)確。朝向進(jìn)水一側(cè)表面要平滑。巴歇爾槽內(nèi)尺寸要準(zhǔn)，內(nèi)表面要平滑。喉道部分是關(guān)鍵尺寸，要更準(zhǔn)確。

2、1 、直角三角堰圖十六是一種直角三角堰的加工圖。水位-流量對應(yīng)關(guān)系如表一。注意，安裝該直角三角堰的上游渠道寬是600mm，三角頂角與上游渠底的高度是250mm。如不是這種情況，水位-流量表應(yīng)另行計算。使用上述三角堰，可以在參數(shù)表“液位-流量對應(yīng)表” 1/55“堰槽種類”內(nèi)選“直角三角堰”，儀表內(nèi)已有該堰板的水位-流量表。 圖十六、直角三角堰的構(gòu)造 表一 直角三角堰水位流量對應(yīng)表 水位單位：m 流量單位：L/s水位0.0000.0100.0200.0300.0400.0500.0600.0700.0800.090流量0.00000.01360.07720.21270.43670.75811.20

3、351.76932.47053.3164水位0.1000.1100.1200.1300.1400.1500.1600.1700.1800.190流量4.31575.47696.81378.330410.04311.95414.07216.41718.98721.798水位0.2000.2100.2200.2300.2400.2500.2600.2700.2800.290流量24.83628.20131.78635.61239.77744.124-圖十七、三角堰在渠道上的安裝和三角堰的水位零點(diǎn)三角堰安裝在渠道上如圖十七。堰板要豎直，要安在渠道的中軸線上。加工三角堰時，可能會使頂角變成圓角，在確定

4、水位等于零的位置時要注意。三角堰的水位零點(diǎn)應(yīng)在三角堰的側(cè)邊延長線的交點(diǎn)上。儀表的探頭要安裝在上游距離堰板0.5m1m的位置。2 、矩形堰圖十八矩形堰構(gòu)造圖十八、矩形堰的構(gòu)造圖十七、三角堰在渠道上的安裝和三角堰的水位零點(diǎn)矩形堰可按圖十八加工。水位-流量對應(yīng)關(guān)系如表二、三、四、五。矩形堰的水位-流量關(guān)系主要取決于堰口寬的“b”。也與上游渠道寬“B”和堰坎高“p”有關(guān)。如使用圖十八的矩形堰，可以在參數(shù)表“液位-流量對應(yīng)表” 1/55“堰槽種類”內(nèi)選“250矩形堰”、“500矩形堰”等。儀表內(nèi)已有水位流量表。表二 0.25m矩形堰水位流量對應(yīng)表 水位單位：m 流量單位：L/s水位0.0000.0100

5、.0200.0300.0400.0500.0600.0700.0800.090流量0.00000.44281.25462.30863.56044.98416.56278.283810.13812.117水位0.1000.1100.1200.1300.1400.1500.1600.1700.1800.190流量14.21516.42718.74921.17523.70426.33229.05631.87534.78537.786水位0.2000.2100.2200.2300.2400.2500.2600.2700.2800.290流量40.87544.05047.31150.65554.0825

6、7.591-表三 0.5m矩形堰水位流量對應(yīng)表 水位單位：m 流量單位：L/s水位0.0000.0100.0200.0300.0400.0500.0600.0700.0800.090流量0.00000.88402.50634.61527.12229.976913.14616.60420.33324.319水位0.1000.1100.1200.1300.1400.1500.1600.1700.1800.190流量28.54833.01237.70042.60747.72653.05158.57664.29970.21476.318水位0.2000.2100.2200.2300.2400.2500

7、.2600.2700.2800.290流量82.60889.08095.733102.56109.57116.75124.10131.62139.31147.16水位0.3000.3100.3200.3300.3400.3500.3600.3700.3800.390流量155.18-表四 0.75m矩形堰水位流量對應(yīng)表 水位單位：m 流量單位：L/s水位0.0000.0200.0400.0600.0800.1000.1200.1400.1600.180流量0.00003.769810.72919.83430.72543.20357.13972.44189.040106.88水位0.2000.2

8、200.2400.2600.2800.3000.3200.3400.3600.380流量125.93146.15167.50189.98213.55238.21263.93290.71318.54347.40水位0.4000.4200.4400.4600.4800.5000.5200.5400.5600.580流量377.30408.22440.16473.11507.08542.05-表五 1m矩形堰水位流量對應(yīng)表 水位單位：m 流量單位：L/s水位0.0000.0200.0400.0600.0800.1000.1200.1400.1600.180流量0.00004.997814.19826

9、.19640.50556.85275.05494.982116.54139.65水位0.2000.2200.2400.2600.2800.3000.3200.3400.3600.380流量164.25190.28217.72246.52276.64308.07340.78374.75409.96446.40水位0.4000.4200.4400.4600.4800.5000.5200.5400.5600.580流量484.05522.90562.94604.16646.55690.10-圖十九、矩形堰安在渠道上圖二十、巴歇爾槽安裝在渠道上矩形堰安裝在渠道上如圖十九。堰板要豎直，要安在渠道的中軸線

10、上。儀表的探頭安裝在距堰板0.5m1m的位置。3 、巴歇爾槽巴歇爾槽的構(gòu)造如圖二十一。巴歇爾槽的標(biāo)識尺寸是喉道寬“b”。首先根據(jù)應(yīng)用需要的最大流量，從“附錄二、巴歇爾槽水位-流量公式”中查出合適的巴歇爾槽的喉道寬“b”。再從“附錄一、巴歇爾槽構(gòu)造尺寸”中查出對應(yīng)喉道寬等于“b”的巴歇爾槽的其它尺寸。如“L”、“N”、“B1”、“L1”等等。把這些尺寸填入圖二十一中右側(cè)的欄目中。按圖二十一加工成形，安裝在渠道上，如圖二十所示。巴歇爾槽水位-流量關(guān)系一般是形如：Q=Chan 的公式。根據(jù)喉道寬“b”，從“附錄二、巴歇爾槽水位-流量公式”中找出對應(yīng)的公式。逐點(diǎn)代入水位值，求出對應(yīng)的流量。本儀表內(nèi)已預(yù)

11、先存儲了喉道寬從0.076m1.8m槽的水位-流量表。表六、七、八分別是喉道寬為0.025m，0.051m，2.1m巴歇爾槽的水位流量對應(yīng)關(guān)系。表六 喉道0.025m巴歇爾槽水位流量對應(yīng)表 水位單位：m 流量單位：L/s水位0.0000.0100.0200.0300.0400.0500.0600.0700.0800.090流量0.00000.04800.14050.26340.41140.58140.77120.97941.20461.4458水位0.1000.1100.1200.1300.1400.1500.1600.1700.1800.190流量1.70231.97332.25822.55

12、652.86773.19143.52713.87474.23364.6037水位0.2000.2100.2200.2300.2400.2500.2600.2700.2800.290流量4.98465.37625.37625.37625.37625.3762-表七 喉道0.051m巴歇爾槽水位流量對應(yīng)表 水位單位：m 流量單位：L/s水位0.0000.0100.0200.0300.0400.0500.0600.0700.0800.090流量0.00000.09590.28070.52630.82211.16171.54111.95712.40712.8892水位0.1000.1100.1200.

13、1300.1400.1500.1600.1700.1800.190流量3.40183.94344.51275.10885.73076.37757.04847.74298.46029.1997水位0.2000.2100.2200.2300.2400.2500.2600.2700.2800.290流量9.961010.74411.54712.37013.21413.214-表八 喉道2.1m巴歇爾槽水位流量對應(yīng)表 水位單位：m 流量單位：L/s水位0.0000.0200.0400.0600.0800.1000.1200.1400.1600.180流量0.000010.02730.37658.090

14、92.019131.47175.97225.16278.76336.53水位0.2000.2200.2400.2600.2800.3000.3200.3400.3600.380流量398.27463.84533.08605.87682.09761.65844.45930.401019.41111.5水位0.4000.4200.4400.4600.4800.5000.5200.5400.5600.580流量1206.51304.41405.11508.61614.91723.81835.41949.62066.32185.5水位0.6000.6200.6400.6600.6800.7000.72

15、00.7400.7600.780流量2307.32431.52558.12687.12818.52952.23088.23226.53367.13509.9圖二十一、巴歇爾槽構(gòu)造附錄一、巴歇爾槽構(gòu)造尺寸單位：m類別序號喉道段收縮段擴(kuò)散段墻高bLNB1L1LaB2L2KD 小 型10.0250.0760.0290.1670.3560.2370.0930.2030.0190.2320.0510.1140.0430.2140.4060.2710.1350.2540.0220.2630.0760.1520.0570.2590.4570.3050.1780.3050.0250.4640.1520.305

16、0.1140.4000.6100.4070.3940.6100.0760.6150.2280.3050.1140.5750.8640.5760.3810.4570.0760.77標(biāo)準(zhǔn)型60.250.600.230.781.3250.8830.550.920.080.8070.300.600.230.841.3500.9020.600.920.080.9580.450.600.231.021.4250.9480.750.920.080.9590.600.600.231.201.5001.00.900.920.080.95100.750.600.231.381.5751.0531.050.920.

17、080.95110.900.600.231.561.6501.0991.200.920.080.95121.000.600.231.681.7051.1391.300.920.081.0131.200.600.231.921.8001.2031.500.920.081.0141.500.600.232.281.951.3031.800.920.081.0151.800.600.232.642.101.3992.100.920.081.0162.100.600.233.002.251.5042.400.920.081.0172.400.600.233.362.401.6042.700.920.0

18、81.0大型183.050.910.3434.764.271.7943.681.830.1521.22193.660.910.3435.614.881.9914.472.440.1521.52204.571.220.4577.627.622.2955.593.050.2291.83216.101.830.6869.147.622.7857.323.660.3052.13227.621.830.68610.677.623.3838.943.960.3052.13239.141.830.68612.317.933.78510.574.270.3052.132412.191.830.68615.48

19、8.234.78513.824.880.3052.132515.241.830.68618.538.235.77617.276.100.3052.13附錄二、巴歇爾槽水位-流量公式類別序號喉道寬度b(m)流量公式Q=Chan(L/s)水位范圍h(m)流量范圍Q(L/s)臨界淹沒度%最小最大最小最大小型10.02560.4ha1.550.0150.210.095.40.520.051120.7ha1.550.0150.240.1813.20.530.076177.1ha1.550.030.330.7732.10.540.152381.2ha1.580.030.451.50111.00.650.2

20、28535.4ha1.530.030.602.52510.6標(biāo)準(zhǔn)型60.25561ha1.5130.030.603.02500.670.30679ha1.5210.030.753.54000.680.451038ha1.5370.030.754.56300.690.601403ha1.5480.050.7512.58500.6100.751772ha1.5570.060.7525.011000.6110.902147ha1.5650.060.7530.012500.6121.002397ha1.5690.060.8030.015000.7131.202904ha1.5770.060.8035.020000.7141.503668ha1.5860.060.8045.025000.7151.804440ha1.5930.080.8080.030000.7162.105222ha1.5990.080.8095.036000.7172.406004ha1.6050.080.80100.040000.7大型183.057463ha1.60.091.07160.082800.8193.668859ha1.60.091.37190.0146800.8204.5710960ha1.60.091.67230.0250400.8216.1014450ha