情態(tài)動詞的使用

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上情態(tài)動詞記憶口訣: 情態(tài)動詞兩要點;動詞原形跟后面,說話語氣較委婉,can表"能力"may"許可",must"責(zé)任"或"義務(wù)",否定回答"needn't"換;should"應(yīng)該",would"愿",have to "被迫"表客觀. 注釋:對must構(gòu)成的一般疑問句作否定回答只能用needn't.情態(tài)動詞有can (could), may (might), must, have to, shall

2、 (should, will (would), dare (dared), need (needed), ought to等。 情態(tài)動詞無人稱和數(shù)的變化；不能單獨使用，必須與其后的動詞原形構(gòu)成謂語 一 can和could情態(tài)動詞用法例句can/could表示能力1“I dont think Mike can type.” “Yes, he can.”2I can speak fluent English now , but I couldnt last year.在肯定句中，表示客觀可能性1.As a human being, anyone can make a mistake.2 Im co

3、nfident that a solution can be found.3 He can be very forgetful sometimes.表示請求和允許。表示請求，口語中常用could代替can，使語氣更委婉。1 Can we turn the air conditioner on?2 Could you have her call me back when she gets home, please?3 I wonder if I could just ask you to sign this.表示對現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)進(jìn)行主觀的猜測，主要用在否定句和疑問句中。1 It cant be

4、 easy caring for a man and a child who are not your own.2 Can the man over there be our head master?特別說明：（1） could用來表示請求時，語氣委婉，主要用于疑問句，不能用于肯定句，答語應(yīng)用can（即：could不能用于現(xiàn)在時態(tài)的簡略答語中）。如：Could I use your dictionary?Yes, you can.(否定回答可用：No, Im afraid not.) (2) can和be able to辨析can(could)和be able to都可以表示能力，意思上沒有區(qū)

5、別。但can只有現(xiàn)在式和過去式，而be able to則有更多的形式。如：Ive always wanted to able to speak fluent English.Those bags look really heavy, are you sure youll be able to carry them on your own?但是，表示在過去某時的某一場合經(jīng)過一番努力，終于做成了某事，通常不用could，而用was/were able to來表示。這時，was/were able to相當(dāng)于managed to do或succeed in doing。如：After the acc

6、ident it was a long time before she was able to walk again.The fire was very big, but most people were able to escape from the building.(3) 慣用形式“cannot too”或“cannot/never.enough 表示“無論怎么也不（過分）”。如：You cant think too highly of him. You cannot be too careful.= You can never be careful enough.你越小心越好。 I r

7、eally cannot thank you enough.Its been an amazing day.(4) 慣用形式“cannot but+ 不定式（不帶to）”表示“不得不，只好”。如： I cannot but admire her determination.我不得不欽佩你的決心。(5) 慣用形式 cannot help but do sth cannot help (doing )sth 作“忍不住，不禁”講。 如： The girl couldnt help but live on herself. 小女孩不得不自食其力。 When I try to speak,I cant

8、 help making mistakes. 我一開口說話，就禁不住犯錯誤。 二may和 might情態(tài)動詞用法例句may/might表示允許、許可。否定回答一般用must not/mustnt,表示“禁止、阻止”之意，但也可以用had better not (最好別)或may not（不可以），語氣較為委婉。1 May I come in and wait?2 May I smoke here?No, you mustnt(或No, youd better not.)在表示請求、允許時，might比may語氣更委婉些。用May I征詢對方許可在文體上比較正式，在口氣上比較客氣，在日常用語中，

9、用Can I征詢對方意見更為常見。1Might I borrow your pen?2 I wonder if I might speak to your son.表示可能性的推測，通常用在肯定句和否定句中，含有“或許”“大概”“可能”之意；用might代替may時，則語氣顯得更加不肯定。1It may rain this afternoon.2 She might come to join us this afternoon.3 I suppose he might have missed the train.may用于祈使句表示祝愿，倒裝。1 May you succeed.2 Long

10、may he live! 愿他能持續(xù)住下去。3 May she rest in peace.愿她安息。慣用句式：“may well+ 動詞原形”，表示“有充分的理由可以”或“有可能”。相當(dāng)于to be very likely to“may as well或might(just)as well+動詞原形”表示有禮貌地勸告，意為“還是。的好”1You may well say so. 你很有理由這樣說。2 There may well be a real problem here.3 There is nothing to do, so I may as well go to bed.4 You

11、may as well tell us now, well find out sooner or later.三must和have to情態(tài)動詞用法例句must表示“必須，應(yīng)該”之意，語氣比should，ought to強(qiáng)烈。其否定形式mustnt表示“不準(zhǔn)，不應(yīng)該，禁止”等意1You must come to school on time.2. Everybody must obey the law.3You mustnt drive so fast in the street.4 We mustnt waste any more time.在回答帶有must的問句時，否定回答常用needn

12、t或dont have to.1Must I come back before ten? Yes，you must.(No, you neednt)表示有把握的推測，意為“一定、準(zhǔn)是、相必”，只用于肯定句中1 It must be my mother.2 You must be hungry after a walk.3 There must be a hole in the wall. 表示說話人不滿的語氣。“偏偏”“偏執(zhí)”“固執(zhí)”1. Why must you always interrupt me ?2. It can't help.He must go with me.have

13、 to“必須，不得不”，意義與must相近。但must表示的是說話人的主觀看法，而have to則往往強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀需要。1 The film is not interesting. I really must go now.2 I have to go now, because my mother is in hospital.must只有一種形式，即現(xiàn)在式與過去式都是一種形式，而have to則涉及各種人稱、時態(tài)等方面的變化形式。1I had to work hard when I was your age.2I will have to learn how to use a computer.

14、3In order to take the exam, well have to finish the whole book by the end of this month .兩者的否定意義不同，mustnt表示“禁止，不許”，dont have to表示不必。1 You mustnt go there.2 You dont have to go there.特別說明：1. must表示推測時，其反意疑問句應(yīng)根據(jù)動詞的實際時態(tài)而變化。如： It must be nice to take a walk here, isnt it? Tom buys a lot of apples ,he mu

15、st like eating them, doesn't he？ 2. Must have done 的反意疑問句有三種情況:從句中含有過去的時間狀語,反意疑問句用過去時. The ground is wet , it must have rained last night, didnt it?從句中含有過去完成時的時間狀語,反意疑問句用過去完成時.By the end of last term, we must have learnt 2000 words, hadnt we?若從句中不含任何時間狀語,反意疑問句用現(xiàn)在完成時 We must have been met somewhe

16、re (before), havent we?3. must 表示“必須” “有必要”時，反義疑問句部分用mustnt.? 或 neednt .? You must go home right now, neednt you?4. must 用否定形式 mustnt時，附加疑問句部分用may或must?You mustnt cheat in the examination, must you?四shall和should情態(tài)動詞用法例句shall用于第一、三人稱構(gòu)成的疑問句，表示征求對方意見或請求指示1 Shall I open the window?2 Shall we say 6 ocloc

17、k, then?3 What shall I get for dinner?用于第二、三人稱陳述句中，表示說話人給對方的命令、警告、允諾或威脅。1 Dont worry, you shall get the answer this afternoon.(允諾)2 He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you. （警告）3 You shall do as I say. (命令)4 If you children dont do as I tell you, you shall not go to the party. (威脅) 在條約規(guī)定法令等文件中表

18、示義務(wù)或規(guī)定，“應(yīng)，須，得”用于第三人稱。1.The new regulation shall take effect on June 1st2.Don't worry,sir! All payments shall be made by the end of the month.3. The fine shall be given in cash.罰款須以現(xiàn)金繳納。情態(tài)動詞用法例句should表示勸告或建議，意為“應(yīng)該”1 What should I do?2 Should I trust him?3 You should read his new book.表示推測，用在肯定句中，

19、通常指有事實依據(jù)，常理推斷。意為“想必，大概，或許”1. It should be a nice day tomorrow.2.Try phoning Robert, he should be home now.3He should be around sixty years old.還可以用在if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句中，表示語氣較強(qiáng)的假設(shè)，譯作“萬一，竟然”，這時也可將should置于從句之首，省略if.主句謂語動詞用虛擬語氣：would/could/should/might +動詞原形1. Ask Tom to ring me up if you should see him. 2Shoul

20、d I be free tomorrow, Ill come. (萬一我明天有時間，我就過來)3.If things should change suddenly, please let me know. (萬一情況突變，請通知我)4.If it should snow tomorrow,we could take photos outside.五will和would情態(tài)動詞用法例句will/would用于表示意志或意愿。will指現(xiàn)在，would指過去。1 He is the man who will go his own way. (他首歌自行其是的人。)2 They said they

21、would meet us at 10:30 at the station.表示請求、建議等，用would比用will委婉、客氣。1.Will you please take a message for him?2 Would you please tell me your telephone number?表示習(xí)慣或傾向，意為“總是，慣于”。will至現(xiàn)在，would指過去。1 This old man is strange.She will sit for hours without saying anything.2People will talk. (人們總會說閑話。)3When we

22、 worked in the same office, we would often have coffee together.表示推測，意為“很可能，大概”。will表示推測比should把握大，比must把握小。1These things will happen.2This will be the house you're looking for. 這大概就是你找的那所房子了。3 It would be about ten oclock when he left home.表示規(guī)律性的“注定會”。1.People will die without air. 沒有空氣，人就會死去。2

23、. Oil will float on water.表示功能，意為“能，行”。慣用形式：will do/would do表示“解決問題”、“就行”。1 That will be all right.2 Either pen will do.3 It would not do to work too late.（工作太晚不行。）用于否定句中，意為“不肯”、“不樂意”1I wont listen to your nonsense.2No matter what I said, he wouldnt listen to me.特別說明：would與used to辨析would可用來表示過去反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的

24、動作，但不能表示過去存在的狀態(tài)，所以我們不能說：“she would be a quiet girl.”另外，would強(qiáng)調(diào)過去某種特定情況下的活動，是完全過去的事情，同現(xiàn)在沒有聯(lián)系。而used to則著眼于過去和現(xiàn)在的對比，隱含現(xiàn)在已不存在，動作或狀態(tài)都可表示。Would可以表示不規(guī)則的習(xí)慣，used to則不可。如： He used to be a naughty boy and cause trouble. I used to get up at six in the morning. Sometimes she would take a walk in the neighboring

25、woods. In those days, whenever I had difficulties, I would go to Mr. Chen for help.6. need和dare情態(tài)動詞用法例句need用于表示“需要，必要”之意。做情態(tài)動詞時，僅用于否定句和疑問句，只有現(xiàn)在時，疑問式用need+人稱,否定式用need not(即needn't），1Need we leave soon? Yes, you must.(No, you needn't)2You needn't have hurried.(=It was not necessary for you

26、 to hurry，but you did).你當(dāng)時不必這么匆忙。7.7.情態(tài)動詞用法例句dare用于表示“敢于”之意。做情態(tài)動詞，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，主要用于否定句、疑問句和條件狀語從句中1Dare you tell her the truth? Yes, I dare. /No, I darent.3 How dare you accuse me of lying!4 He darent admit this.用作實義動詞時，其變化與一般的實義動詞相同。在肯定句中，dare后接帶to的不定式；否定句中，dare后既可接帶to的不定式，也可接不帶to的不定式。1 Only a few jou

27、rnalists dared to cover the story.2 He doesnt dare (to) go there alone.3 Dont you dare (to) touch it?I dare say 作插入語,我想, 大概, 可能, 或許1.You are tired.I dare say. 我想你是累了。2.I dare say you've spent all your money by now. 我估計你的錢現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)用完了。七ought的用法：情態(tài)動詞用法例句ought to do表示“應(yīng)該”之意，同should,。表示義務(wù)或責(zé)任，比should語氣重。

28、1 You ought to take care of him.2 Ought I go now?Yes, you ought to. /No, you oughtnt to.表示推測。注意與must表示推測時的區(qū)別ought to (客觀推測), must(主觀推測)。1 He must be home by now. (斷定他已到家)2 He ought to be home by now. (不十分肯定)3 This is where the oil must be. (比較直率)4 This is where the oil ought to be. (比較含蓄)說明：should與o

29、ught to 表示“應(yīng)該”時的區(qū)別should 表示自己的主觀看法，而ought to的語氣中，含有“按道理應(yīng)該”之意。若要反映客觀情況或涉及法律義務(wù)和規(guī)定，一般用ought to。如： You should help them with their work. You are his father. You ought to get him to receive good education.八“情態(tài)動詞+have done”用法情態(tài)動詞+have done用法例句must have done 表示主觀上對過去已經(jīng)發(fā)生的行為進(jìn)行推測，意為“想必，準(zhǔn)是，一定做了某事”1.She must h

30、ave gone through a lot.2.He must have visited the White House during his stay in the United States.may/might have done表示對過去已發(fā)生行為的推測，意為“也許/或許已經(jīng)（沒有）“。一般用于肯定句或否定句中，不用于疑問句。用might則表示語氣更加不肯定。1.You may have learnt the news.2.He may not have heard his name called.3.Sorry Im late. I might have turned off the

31、 alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.canhave donecannot have done表示對過去發(fā)生的行為的懷疑和不肯定，通常用在否定句和疑問句中。（can換成could時語氣委婉）1.Where can she have gone?2.Could he have done such a foolish thing?3.The boy cant have finished reading the book so soon because it is difficult even to an adult.could have done可用于肯

32、定句中，表示“可能已經(jīng)”之意，此外，還可以表示過去能做而沒做的事，有一種對過去為付諸實施的事情的惋惜。1.He could have killed himself driving at a dangerous speed.2.You could have been more considerate.3.You could have done better, but you were too careless.might have done表示“本來可能，但實際上沒有發(fā)生的事情”。另外，還可以表示“本來應(yīng)該或可以做某事”之意，含有輕微的責(zé)備語氣。1 You should not swim in

33、that sea. You might have been eaten by a shark.2 He might have given him more help, thought he was busy.should/ought to have done用于肯定句時，表示本該做某事，而實際上未做；用于否定句時，則表示不該做的事反而做了。1.He should have known that the police would never allow this sort of thing.2.You shouldnt have done it so carelessly.3.You

34、ought not to have refused his offer.neednt have done表示做了本來不必去做的事。注意：didnt need to do表示“沒必要做而實際上也沒有做某事”1.You neednt have watered the plants, for it is going to rain.2 I didnt need to buy the dictionary. I had a copy at home.had better have done用于事后的建議，含輕微責(zé)備的口吻，意為“當(dāng)時最好做了某事”，其否定式had better not have don

35、e表示相反的含義。1You had better have started earlier.2 You had better not have scolded her.would rather have done表示“當(dāng)時寧愿做了某事”，其否定式would rather not have done表示相反的含義，兩者都表示“后悔”之意。1I would rather have taken his advice.2I would rather not have told him the truth.總結(jié):一、猜測: must, may, might, can, could只能用于肯定句,非常肯定

36、的猜測的是 _只能用于肯定句,表示可能的猜測 _只能用于否定句，疑問句 _過去時用 _表示預(yù)測，主觀推測或期待 “應(yīng)當(dāng)” _二、情態(tài)動詞否定式的?？键c有：mustnt 禁止、嚴(yán)禁、不準(zhǔn) neednt 不必要、沒必要(=dont have to)cant不可能 may not 可能不、或許不shouldnt 不應(yīng)該（=ought not to )三、情態(tài)動詞+ have done 表示對過去發(fā)生的事情的推測,批評,反悔等意should have done _ ought to have done _could have done _neednt have done _may/ might hav

37、e done _must have done _cant have done _四情態(tài)動詞表推測的三種時態(tài) 1.對將來情況的推測，用“情態(tài)動詞 + 動詞原形”。 2.對現(xiàn)在或一般情況的推測，用“情態(tài)動詞 + be”，“情態(tài)動詞 +be doing”或“情態(tài)動詞 + 動詞原形”。 3.對過去情況的推測，用“情態(tài)動詞 + have +過去分詞”。 五補(bǔ)充強(qiáng)調(diào)：推測的句型特點（對某一次的推測句型有兩部分：語氣和時態(tài)）（1）語氣部分：（以下情態(tài)動詞語氣由強(qiáng)至弱） 肯定句：must、may、might（=could） 否定句：cant（=couldnt）、maynt、mightnt 疑問句：can、co

38、uld（語氣更加委婉不確定）（2）時態(tài)部分： be表示對現(xiàn)在的推測 have done表示對過去的推測 be doing表示對正在進(jìn)行的推測語氣部分寫在前時態(tài)部分寫在后，組合在一起就是推測六情態(tài)動詞表推測的解題關(guān)鍵： 時間決定形式 語氣決定選詞 解答情態(tài)動詞表示推測的試題時，一要清楚被推測的時間，二要清楚有無客觀事實根據(jù)。若有客觀事實根據(jù)，無論是肯定還是否定的推測，推測語氣最強(qiáng)且符合時間要求的為最佳答案；若無客觀事實根據(jù)，則推測語氣符合時間要求的為最佳答案。情態(tài)動詞練習(xí)題 （一）1)A computer _think for itself, it must be told what to do

39、. A. cant B. couldnt C. may not D. might not2).The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out.A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to3)-Where is my uncle, Mary? -He _ in the bedroom.A. must have been B. must be C. may have been D. should have been4)Peter _ come with us toni

40、ght, but he isnt very sure yet.A. must B. may C. can D. will5) -That must be a mistake. -No, it _ a mistake.A. must not be B. neednt be C. can not be D. would not be6) Its nearly 7 oclock. Dad _ come home soon.A. can B. could C. would D. should7)-Are you coming to Jeffs party?-Im not sure. I _ go to

41、 the concert tonight. A. must B. would C. should D. might8)You _ return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like.A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt9)Johnny, you_ play with the knife, you _ hurt yourself.A. wont; cant B. mustnt; may C. shouldnt, must D. cant; shouldnt10).I didnt hear the pho

42、ne. I _ asleep.A. must be B. must have been C. should be D. should have been11).I didnt see her in the meeting room this morning. She _ at the meeting.A. mustnt have spoken B. shouldnt have spoken C. neednt have spoken D. couldnt have spoken12).I cant find Mr. Smith anywhere in the office building.

43、Where _ he have gone?A. must B. can C. should D. need情態(tài)動詞練習(xí)題（二）1. _ it be Li Ping who broke the glass?No. It _ be Wu Dong who did it. A. Can; must B. Must; need C. May; must D. Need; can 2. Dont forget to visit me when you come to Beijing. _. A. I dont B. I wont C. I cant D. I havent3. Could I use y

44、our bike? Yes, surely you _. A. might B. will C. can D. should4. Her brother _ be at home now, because he was seen playing basketball in the stadium just now. A. mustnt B. neednt C. cant D. shouldnt5. When can you get my car repaired? I need it tomorrow morning. It _ be ready by 8:00. A. can B. need

45、 C. might D. should 6. Are you coming for dinner?Im not quite sure. I _ go to my uncles instead. A. must B. would C. Should D. might7. Dont believe him. What he said _ be true. A. mustnt B. neednt C. shouldnt D. may not8. _ I go home now, sir?No, you _. You should finish the composition first.A. Mig

46、ht; wouldnt B. May; had better not C. Must; mustnt D. Need; mustnt9. _ he use your bike? Certainly. Here is the key. A. Shall B. Must C. Will D. Does10. Mr Bush is on time for everything. How _he be late for the important meeting? A. would B. should C. might D. need情態(tài)動詞練習(xí)題（三）1. I lived with my siste

47、r this summer and didnt have to pay rent. So I _ save most of my salary. A. was able to B. would C. could D. should2. I promised to get there before 5 oclock, but now the traffic is still so heavy. They _ for me impatiently. A. may wait B. must be waiting C. could wait D. ought to wait3. I _ her, bu

48、t I never could. A. ought to help B. must help C. must have helped D. ought to have helped 4. The Smiths went to the country for the weekend as they _ to the office. A. neednt have gone B. mustnt go C. may not go D. didnt have to go5. My parents never remember my telephone number, and they always _

49、look it up. A. should B. can C. have to D. must6. Bobby _ me your secret, but he meant no harm. A. shouldnt have told B. should tell C. mustnt have told D. could tell 7. If you _ go, at least wait until the rain stops. A. can B. must C. should D. would8. You _ follow me if I am wrong. A. must B. don

50、t have to C. wouldnt D. ought to 9. _ you like to have a walk with us this evening? A. Could B. Will C. Would D. Can10. Mr Wang, I will go and fetch four chairs for the meeting. You _ fetch four; two will do. A. wont B. couldnt C. shouldnt D. neednt 情態(tài)動詞高考考題:1. I thought you _like something to read,

51、 so I have brought you some books. A. may B. might C. would D. must 2. Where is my pen? I _it. A. might lose B. would have lost C. should have lost D. must have lost3. I didnt hear the phone. I _asleep. A. must be B. must have been C. should be D. should have been4. -There were already five people in the car, but they managed to take me as well. -It _a comfortable journey A. cant be B. shouldnt be C. mustnt have been D. couldnt have been 5. Its nearly seven oclock . Jack _be here at any moment. A. must B. need C. should D. could6. They