巧用英語時(shí)態(tài)和英語語法口訣

1、百度文庫巧用英語時(shí)態(tài)表，掌握英語謂語形式、英語時(shí)態(tài)名稱的記憶時(shí)態(tài)過去現(xiàn)在將來過去將來一般過去時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 一M將來時(shí)一般過去將來時(shí)進(jìn)行過去進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、將來進(jìn)行時(shí)（略）完成過去完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)將來完成時(shí)（略）、英語時(shí)態(tài)形式的記憶：（以動(dòng)詞 work為例）時(shí)態(tài)過去現(xiàn)在將來、過去將來workedwork worksshall/will workshould/would work進(jìn)行/was/were workingam/is/are workingshall/willbe working（略）完成had workedhave/has workedshall/willhave worked

2、9; （略）可以分兩個(gè)步驟記憶：1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：work （當(dāng)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞也要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：be + working（be隨主語人稱和數(shù)的變化而變化。）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have + worked （have隨主語人稱和數(shù)的變化而變化，worked是work的過去分詞。）這三種基本時(shí)態(tài)形式位于時(shí)態(tài)表的中心位置，是必須首先記住的。其它形式可推導(dǎo)而出。2、記住了上面三種時(shí)態(tài)的形式后，可以設(shè)想把時(shí)間提前至過去，這三種時(shí)態(tài)的形式就相應(yīng)地左移一格成為一般過去時(shí)： worked （worked是work的過去式）；過去進(jìn)行時(shí)was / were + working ;過去完

3、成時(shí) had+ worked （worked 是 work 的過去分詞）。把時(shí)間錯(cuò)后至將來，這三種時(shí)態(tài)的形式也就相應(yīng)地右移一格成為一般將來時(shí)：shall / will + work ；將來進(jìn)行時(shí)： shall / will + be working ；將來完成時(shí)：shall / will + have worked 。 （shall僅用于主語是第一人稱時(shí)，will可用于主語是任何人稱時(shí)。）當(dāng)然，根據(jù) shall / will的用法要求，緊隨其后的動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞要用原形形式。/簡而言之，把這三種現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)形式左移變成三種過去時(shí)態(tài)形式，只需把第一個(gè)動(dòng)詞變成過去式即可（一 般現(xiàn)在時(shí)謂語只有一個(gè)動(dòng)詞，也可

4、把它看成為第一個(gè)動(dòng)詞）。與此類似，過去將來時(shí)的變化是在一般將來時(shí) 的基礎(chǔ)上把第一個(gè)動(dòng)詞變成過去式。把這三種現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)形式右移變成三種將來時(shí)態(tài)形式，只需在前面加一助 動(dòng)詞shall / will（緊隨其后的動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞用原形形式）即可。/三、英語被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式的記憶（以動(dòng)詞 ask為例）時(shí)態(tài)過去現(xiàn)在將來/過去將來was/were askedam/is/are askedshall/will be askedshould/would be asked進(jìn)行was/were being askedam/is/are being asked完成had been askedhave/has been aske

5、d英語動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)是由助動(dòng)詞be加及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成。助動(dòng)詞be同系動(dòng)詞be一樣有人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化。英語動(dòng)詞在既有被動(dòng)語態(tài)變化又有時(shí)態(tài)變化時(shí)，一定要先變被動(dòng)語態(tài)再變時(shí)態(tài)，它的時(shí)態(tài)變化就是將助動(dòng)詞 be再作各種時(shí)態(tài)形式的變化。主張先理解記憶現(xiàn)在的三種被動(dòng)語態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)形式，再以同樣方法推導(dǎo)出被動(dòng)語態(tài)其它的時(shí)態(tài)形式。四、結(jié)合英語時(shí)態(tài)表掌握句子的否定式、一般疑問式的變化規(guī)律句子的否定式、一般疑問式也是每冊初中教材學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)的必講內(nèi)容。而實(shí)際上這個(gè)問題非常簡單，完 全可以結(jié)合英語時(shí)態(tài)表中謂語的特征來完成。變化方圓 謂語物征否定句變化一般疑問句變化謂語只有一 個(gè)動(dòng)詞（be除外）根據(jù)主語人稱、數(shù)和謂

6、語時(shí)態(tài)的要求，在謂語動(dòng)詞前加don't, doesn't, didn't 后面的動(dòng)詞使用原形。根據(jù)主語人稱、數(shù)和謂語時(shí)態(tài)的要求，在句首加Do, Does, Did,其后面的動(dòng)詞使用原形。更改句首 大小寫和句尾標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號。謂語有兩個(gè) 或兩個(gè)以上 動(dòng)詞在謂語的第一個(gè)動(dòng)詞后面加not.把謂語的個(gè)動(dòng)詞提前至句首，更改首大、小寫和句尾標(biāo)點(diǎn)符&。注：1、There be . 句型和以be為系動(dòng)詞的主系表句型，適用于第二種謂語特征的變化方式。2、謂語是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（have to的疑問式例外）+動(dòng)詞原形，也適用于第二種謂語特征的變化方式。3、為便于記憶，不妨稱此法為謂語特征分析法。

7、五、謂語特征分析法在特殊疑問句、反意疑問句中的運(yùn)用由于特殊疑問句的句子結(jié)構(gòu)是特殊疑問詞或詞組+ 一般疑問句語序，故除對主語提問的特殊疑問句外，都可按一般疑問句變化規(guī)律用謂語特征分析法快速確定謂語形式。反意疑問句是由陳述句+反問部分構(gòu)成。反意疑問句的反問部分雖說情況比較復(fù)雜，但僅就基礎(chǔ)內(nèi)容而言，情況還是較為簡單，要求也較低。故基礎(chǔ)內(nèi)容中反意疑問句的反問部分基本上仍可用謂語特征分析法快 速確定反問部分中該用的動(dòng)詞，那就是：前面的陳述句如果變成一般疑問句是用什么動(dòng)詞開頭，后面的反問 部分就用什么動(dòng)詞反問。六、一般疑問句和反意疑問句的簡略回答用謂語特征分析法掌握了一般疑問句和反意疑問句中謂語的構(gòu)成方法

8、后，它們的簡略回答就更容易了。那就是用什么詞開頭的一般疑問句就用什么詞來回答（或同屬be系列的單詞：am, is, are, was, were./ ）。反意疑問句的反問部分用什么詞開頭，也就用什么詞來回答（或同屬be系列的單詞）。例如： /1. -Are you a worker?-Yes, I am. / No, I'm not. 、/2. -Does he like Chinese tea?-Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't.3. -Have you finished the novel? /-Yes, I have. / No, I have

9、n't.4. -He is a bus driver, isn't he?/-Yes, he is. / No, he isn't./5. -Tom came to school late this morning, didn't he?-Yes, he did. / No, he didn't.>/6. -Lily hasn't lost her watch, has she?-Yes, she has. / No, she hasn't.用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(can, may, must )開頭的一般疑問句，在作否定回答時(shí)選擇合適的情態(tài)動(dòng)

10、詞較為困難。我們可以用右欄圖示輕松地記憶掌握。先按下列單詞及它們的否定式的第一、第二個(gè)字母在字母表中的順序排列，再加上誰回答誰的替換符號便容易記憶了。(注意 must代替may, need代替must,%這種后代前的關(guān)系以及can除了可回答自己外，還可回過去來回答may的特點(diǎn)。)/、1. -Can you drive a truck?-No, I can't./2. -May I go now?/-No, you can't. / No, you mustn't.3. -Must you go so soon?-No, I needn't.4. -Need we

11、 buy any new desks?-No, we needn't. (Yes, we must.)注意：肯定回答必須用musto七、謂語特征分析法在其它句型中的運(yùn)用研究下面幾組對話，不難發(fā)現(xiàn)：答語中謂語動(dòng)詞的選用也是和如將其上句變成一般疑問句后句首第一個(gè)單詞相一致的(或同屬 be, do, have 系的單詞)。1. -It's warmer today.-So it is.2. -John bought a new bike.-So he did.3. -I like walking in the open air.-So do I.4. -He works hard.-

12、So he does, and so do you.5. -Lucy has been to England twice.-So she has.6. -Lucy can ride a bike at the age of four.-So she can.卜六種時(shí)態(tài)的謂語形勢一般時(shí)態(tài)進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)元成時(shí)態(tài)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)現(xiàn)在do/doesam/is/are doinghave/has donehave/has been doing過去didwas/were doinghad donehad been doing將來shall/will doshall/will be doingshall/will h

13、ave doneshall/will have been doing過去將 來should/would doshould/would be doingshould/would have doneshould/would have been doing八種時(shí)態(tài)介紹：一一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)： 表示現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常發(fā)生或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。時(shí)間狀語：every，sometimes, always, never, often,usually 等。1由be的is am are表示，之后接名詞，形容詞或介詞。陳述句：I am an office worker. He is so lazy. They are at home n

14、ow.否定句： I am not Tim. She is not very beauiful. They are not in the office.一般疑問句：Are you an office assistant? Is she beautiful?特殊疑問句：What is your job? What colour is your bag?Where are you now?/ 2由實(shí)意動(dòng)詞 V構(gòu)成，引導(dǎo)疑問句和否定句，用 do或don' 第三人稱時(shí)用does或doesn '荏does出現(xiàn)動(dòng)詞 用原形；第三人稱陳述句V后加s或es.陳述句：I work in Shang

15、hai. He works at home.Davy never watches TV at home.否定句：I don' like the food in KFC. Davy doesn' like the food in KFC either.般疑問句 ：Do you want a cup of coffee? Does she live near the subway station?特殊疑問句：What do you want? Where does she live? How do they go to work?3由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 can, must, may構(gòu)成。ma

16、y沒有否定形式。陳述句:I can drive a car. He must tell the truth. We may get there on foot.否定句:/I can' swim at all. You mustn' t（表示禁止）smoke in the office.般疑問句 ：Can you wait a minute? Must I stay at home? May I use your phone?特殊疑問句：How can I get there? What must I do now?二一般過去時(shí)態(tài)。在過去時(shí)間里所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。時(shí)間狀語有

17、： yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the day before yesterday,in 1997。1 由 be 的過去式是 was 或 were 表示。Is am-was;are-were.陳述句：I was a big boss.He was beautiful. We were in Beijing last year.否定句:I was not at home at that moment. We were not at work yesterday.般疑問句 ：Were you a teacher? Was she in the office

18、last week?特殊疑問句：Where were you last night? When were you in that company?2由V的過去式構(gòu)成陳述句，疑問句和否定句用借助于did,有did出現(xiàn)動(dòng)詞用原形。陳述句：I worked in Sunmoon.We studied English there. He lived in HongKong.否定句:I didn ' work here. They didn ' see me. She liked English a lot.一般疑問句：Did you go to America? Did he work

19、 in Sunmoon?特殊疑問句：Where did you work? What did he say to you? How did you know my name?3由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的過去式構(gòu)成，can could.She could walk when she was one year old. I could not speak English one year ago.三一般將來時(shí)態(tài)：即將發(fā)生動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。時(shí)間狀語有：tomorrow,next year,the month after next,in two hours.1任何人稱+will+動(dòng)詞原形./I will fly to K

20、ongKong tomorrow. He will go with us. We will arrive in Shanghai next week.I will never believe you again. He will not come tonight. We will not buy a car next year.Will you go there by train? Will he come tomorrow? Will they live a five-star hotel?What will you do after class? Where will he live? H

21、ow will they come here?2 is/am/are+going to+V 原形，表示計(jì)劃打算做什么事情。I ' ngoing to go to Kongkong by air. We are not going to buy a house here.Are they going to change their jobs? How are you going to tell him?四過去將來時(shí)態(tài)；在過去將會發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。構(gòu)成：任何人稱+would +V原形was/were going to +V 原形He said he would come in in Shangh

22、ai. I sai I would buy you a car one day.They told me that they were not going to go abroad.五現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)：表示現(xiàn)在（指說話人說話時(shí)）正在發(fā)生的事情。常用的時(shí)間的動(dòng)作：now, at the （this） moment構(gòu)成：is/am/are+Ving/I ' nwaiting for my boy friend. He is doing the housework at home now.He is not playing toys. We are enjoying ourselves.Are

23、you having dinner at home? Is Tim cooking in the kitchen?What are you doing now? Where are they having a meal?六過去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)：過去一段時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。構(gòu)成：was/were+VingI was doing my homework at that time. He was not sleeping at 11 o' cloclast night.What were you doing at that moment?We were having a party while my

24、 neighbour is sleeping.七現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)：用來表示之前已發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，其結(jié)果的確和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系。動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在；也可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。簡單的說，就是動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生對現(xiàn)在造成明顯的影響。常用的時(shí)間 for two /weeks/years; for several days; since 2004/ Apr.23/last week /theaccident構(gòu)成：have/has +done （過去分詞）I have already told Davy. Davy has known this matter. He has lived

25、 here for nearly 10 years.I haven ' finished my homework.Tim hasn ' come yet.We haven ' heard any news about himHow long have you worked in this company?特別注意：1 . have/has always been+名詞/形容詞/介詞：總是或一直是什么樣子。He has always been a good father. I have always been busy.They have always been in A

26、merica.2 have/has been to表示去過或至U過。I have been to Canada. Have you been to Hongkong?Where have you been? I have never been here./3 have/has gone to:去了。He has gone to Beijing. They have gone to the cinema.八過去完成時(shí)態(tài)：發(fā)生在過去的過去。/構(gòu)成：had + done/He said he had told Davy. They told us they had finished the work

27、.She had had dinner before she went out.He left the office after he had called Davy.1 .初中英語八種時(shí)態(tài)歸納復(fù)習(xí)/時(shí)態(tài)是英語學(xué)習(xí)中一個(gè)至關(guān)重要的內(nèi)容，廣大初中學(xué)生在實(shí)際運(yùn)用時(shí)，往往對時(shí)態(tài)總是倍感棘手，下面我們就歸納復(fù)習(xí)一下道幾種時(shí)態(tài)。一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：概念：經(jīng)常、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為及現(xiàn)在的某種狀況。時(shí)間狀語：always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month)，once a week, on Sundays, etc.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：be動(dòng)

28、詞；行為動(dòng)詞否定形式：am/is/are+not;此時(shí)態(tài)的謂語動(dòng)詞若為行為動(dòng)詞，則在其前加don't,如主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用doesn't ,同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。一般疑問句：把 be動(dòng)詞放于句首；用助動(dòng)詞 do提問，如主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用 does,同時(shí)，還原 行為動(dòng)詞。二、一般過去時(shí)：概念：過去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)；過去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作、行為。時(shí)間狀語：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month)，in 1989, just now, at the age of

29、5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：be動(dòng)詞；行為動(dòng)詞否定形式：was/were+not;在行為動(dòng)詞前加 didn't ,同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。一般疑問句：was或were放于句首；用助動(dòng)詞do的過去式did提問，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：概念：表示現(xiàn)階段或說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作及行為。時(shí)間狀語： now, at this time, these days, etc.基本結(jié)構(gòu)： am/is/are+doing否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing.一般疑問句：把 be動(dòng)詞放于句首。四、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：概念：

30、表示過去某段時(shí)間或某一時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的行為或動(dòng)作。時(shí)間狀語：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引導(dǎo)的謂語動(dòng)詞是一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語等?；窘Y(jié)構(gòu)：was/were+doing否定形式： was/were + not + doing.一般疑問句：把 was或were放于句首。/五、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：概念：過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，或從過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。時(shí)間狀語：recently, lately, since - for ,in the past fe w years, etc.基本結(jié)構(gòu)： have/has +

31、 done、/否定形式： have/has + not +d one.一般疑問句：have或has。/六、過去完成時(shí)：概念：以過去某個(gè)時(shí)間為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，在此以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為，或在過去某動(dòng)作之前完成的行為，即“過去的過去”。時(shí)間狀語：before, by the end of last year(term, month),etc.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：had + done.否定形式：had + not + done.一般疑問句：had放于句首。七、一般將來時(shí)：概念：表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。時(shí)間狀語：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),so

32、on,in a few minutes, by,the day after tomorrow,etc.基本結(jié)構(gòu)： am/is/are/going to + do ； will/shall + do. 否定形式：was/were + not;在行為動(dòng)詞前加 didn't ,同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。一般疑問句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。八、過去將來時(shí)：概念：立足于過去某一時(shí)刻，從過去看將來，常用于賓語從句中。時(shí)間狀語：the next day(morning, year),the following month(week),etc.基本結(jié)構(gòu)： was/were/going to

33、 + do ; would/should + do.否定形式： was/were/not + going to + do; would/should + not + do.一般疑問句： was或were放于句首； would/should 提到句首。n .幾種常時(shí)態(tài)的相互醇換、英語中的幾種時(shí)態(tài)在一定情況下可以互相醇換，以下是幾種常的醇換形式：一、一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的醇換在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中，延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語速用，瞬間動(dòng)詞卻不能。但是，可用別的表達(dá)方式：瞬間動(dòng)詞用于“一段時(shí)間 + ago”的一般過去時(shí)的句型中；瞬間動(dòng)詞可改成與之相對鷹的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞及 短語，與一段時(shí)間速用；瞬間動(dòng)詞用

34、于“ It is + 一段時(shí)間 + since + 一般過去時(shí)”的句型中，表示“自從以來有時(shí)間”的意思，主句一般用 it is 來代替It has been;瞬間動(dòng)詞用于"Some time haspassed since +一般過去時(shí)”的句型中。請看：A. He joined the League two years ago.B. He has been in the League for two years.C. It is two years since he joined the League.D. Two years has passed since he joined t

35、he League.二、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的醇換在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中，at加上名詞表示“處于某種狀態(tài)"，如 at work (在工作)，at school (上學(xué)、上課)等。 此短語可與進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)醇換。請看：Peter is at work, but Mike is at play.Peter is working, but Mike is playing./三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般將來時(shí)的醇換在現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)中 go, come, leave, start, arrive等動(dòng)詞常與表示將來的時(shí)間狀語速用表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如：I am coming, Mum! 意為"我就來，媽媽！

36、"請看：The train is leaving soon. /The train will leave soon./四、"be going to+動(dòng)詞原形"與"will(shall)+動(dòng)詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)的醇換/“be going to+動(dòng)詞原形”、表示打算、計(jì)劃要做的事；將來時(shí)“ will(shall)+動(dòng)詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)在書面語中，當(dāng)主語為第一人稱時(shí)，常用助動(dòng)詞shall o在口語中，所有人稱都可以用will 。請看：We are going to visit the Great Wall next Sunday.We shall visit the Gre

37、at Wall next Sunday/巧記英語語法口訣二十一首1、英語的詞類句子要由詞組成，英語詞類有十種：句中成分用實(shí)詞，名、代、動(dòng)、副、數(shù)、形容: 冠、介、連詞和感嘆， 虛詞附加或溝通。詞類功能掌握了，造句之時(shí)好運(yùn)用。2、語序歌主、謂、賓、表同漢語，定語有同也有異。狀語位置更特殊， 不能全和漢語比。3、肯定句變一般疑問句have和be提句首，其它助詞Do開頭。時(shí)間、人稱由do變，動(dòng)詞只把原形留。謂語助詞有幾個(gè)， 第一助詞提句首。4、肯定句變否定句否定詞語加not, 放在be和have后。其它要加動(dòng)詞do,do的后面加not, 時(shí)間、人稱由do變， 動(dòng)詞原形總保留。謂語若是助詞多，not緊

38、跟第一個(gè)。5、名詞的所有格名詞只變數(shù)，不分主賓格。人和動(dòng)物類，可變所有格。撇（）后加s,相當(dāng)漢語“的”。時(shí)間、距離等，也變所有格。6、名詞變復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)式，加上“ s”統(tǒng)言之。下列結(jié)尾名詞后，要加“ s”先加“ e”：發(fā)音/ t / s和z， 或是輔音加“ o”時(shí)。有些名詞變復(fù)數(shù)，詞尾變化要注意：“y”前字母是輔音，一律變“ y”為“ie”；遇到 “ f/ fe”，有時(shí)需要變“ ve少數(shù)名詞不規(guī)則，特別情況靠硬記。7、時(shí)間名詞前所有介詞的速記年月周前要用in, /日子前面卻不行。遇到幾號要用“ on”，上午下午又是“in”。要說某日上下午，用on換in才能行。午夜黃昏用at,黎明用它也不錯(cuò)

39、。at也在時(shí)分前，說“差”用to,說“過”要用 past。8、介詞用法歌介詞加賓語，才能有實(shí)意。表、定、狀、賓、補(bǔ)，詞組在句里。9、介詞順口溜in在里，out在外，在旁邊的是 beside,靠近的為by。on在上，under 在下，above在上頭，below在底下。10、be的用法歌動(dòng)詞be,變化大，T 用 “ am” “You” 用 “are”、Is 用于它（it）、他（he）、她（she）復(fù)數(shù)一定要用“ are”，切莫用錯(cuò)鬧笑話。11、動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)四種時(shí)間各四式，聯(lián)想對比便于記。時(shí)間現(xiàn)在和過去，各自還有將來時(shí)。一般、完成、進(jìn)行式，完成進(jìn)行是四式。四四共有十六種，看來復(fù)雜掌握易；除去have

40、 / be以夕卜，動(dòng)詞變化有規(guī)律。12、動(dòng)詞形式的變化動(dòng)詞根本是原形，變化形式有四種：原形詞尾加“ s”，現(xiàn)在第三單人稱；過去原形加“ ed”，過去分詞也相同；原形加上“ ing”，現(xiàn)在分詞或動(dòng)名。原形詞尾加“ s”，如同名詞復(fù)數(shù)式。若加“ed / ing",以下情況要注意：詞尾有ie只加d,Ing去掉無聲 e ;詞尾ie變成y ,然后再加ing ;輔音之后y結(jié)尾，Y要變i加ed;現(xiàn)在分詞不變y,直接加上ing;詞尾重讀閉音節(jié)，結(jié)尾輔音都雙寫，r做結(jié)尾也一樣，重讀音節(jié)r雙寫；結(jié)尾字母若是“ t”，不是重讀也雙寫。過去分詞過去式，不按規(guī)則也有些。13、動(dòng)詞不定式不帶 to的動(dòng)詞四看(n

41、otice, observe, see, watch),三使役(have, let, make),二聽(hear, listen to),一感覺(feel)。按：在上述動(dòng)詞后做賓語補(bǔ)語用的不定式不帶to。14、非謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞不做調(diào)話用，不定、分調(diào)與動(dòng)名。to加原形不定式，詞組可做名、副、形。分調(diào)現(xiàn)在和過去，相當(dāng)副詞和形容。原形加上“ ing”，/.動(dòng)詞具有名詞性。15、基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞（之一）基變序，有規(guī)律，詞尾字母tdd 。八減t,九減e,f要把ve替。/ty把y變成i ,記住山前有個(gè)e。指 first、 second、 third。 指eight去掉t, nine去掉e, five和twek

42、e去掉ve加上f。 指 twenty - twentieth 等。16、基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞（之二）第一、二、三要全變，其余“ th”加后邊，“th”里有例外，你需格外記明白：八減t,九減e,字母f代ve,ty變tie。 one-first, two-second, three-third。 four-fourth , seven-seventh, hundred-hundredth。. eight-eighth , nine-ninth。 five-fifth , twelve-twelfth。 twenty-twentieth , sixty-sixtieth 。17、There be的位置和用

43、法說明何時(shí)何地有，there be在主語前。隨著主語第一個(gè)，be的形式做變換。18、be going 的用法be going是助動(dòng)詞，后跟加to不定式。說明“準(zhǔn)備”或“就要"，時(shí)間人稱只變 be。19、have+gothave作為動(dòng)詞“有”，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 have;have got 慣用語，got可有也可無。若變否定疑問，去掉got再加do;或把have提句首，not力口在 have后。20、以or結(jié)尾的詞售票員班長（照）鏡子，蔗麻教授（找）醫(yī)生。按：有些同學(xué)常把-or結(jié)尾的詞誤拼為-er結(jié)尾的詞。初中課本、1-6冊只有六個(gè)以-or結(jié)尾的詞。它們是：doctor n.醫(yī)生（第一冊）；mo

44、nitor n班長（第二冊）；conductor n.售票員（第四冊）；mirror n鏡子（第五冊）；castor n 蔗麻（第六冊）；professor n教授（第六冊）。、21、以f （e）結(jié)尾的名詞復(fù)數(shù)以f （e）結(jié)尾的名詞，在中學(xué)課本里，出現(xiàn)了不少。其名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式：有的直接在 -f （e）后加s;有的 要改-f （e）為ve再加-s;個(gè)別單詞上述兩種形式均可（如 handkerchieffhandkerchiefs或handkerchieves）。似 乎不易記住這些規(guī)則，可只要記只下面這首順口溜，相信你就不會覺得難了。妻子持刀去宰狼，小偷嚇得發(fā)了慌；躲在架后保己命，半片樹葉遮目光。按

45、：順口溜中的黑體字是中學(xué)階段學(xué)過的九個(gè)以上-f （s）結(jié)尾的名詞：wife （妻子），knife （小刀），wolf（狼），thief （小偷），shelf （架子），self （自己），life （生命），half （一半），leaf （樹葉）。這九個(gè)詞變復(fù)數(shù) 時(shí)，都是改-f （e）為ve再加-s。由self構(gòu)成的復(fù)合詞，其變化與self相同（如 myself ourselves; yourself-yourselves; himelf, herself, itself themselves） o利用順口溜來學(xué)習(xí)英語，至少有三大好處：一是節(jié)省了時(shí)間。死記硬背效果差不說，還費(fèi)時(shí)間，而利用 順口

46、溜，效果又高又省時(shí)；二是培養(yǎng)了自己的概括思維能力。把一些詞語編成順口溜，看似容易，其實(shí)也難； 三是使人覺得學(xué)習(xí)英語還是饒有興趣的。中考英語語法速記口訣大匯總一、冠詞基本用法【速記口訣】名詞是禿子，常要戴帽子，可數(shù)名詞單，須用 a或an,輔音前用a, an在元音前，若為特指時(shí)，則須用定冠，復(fù)數(shù)不可數(shù)，泛指the不見，/碰到代詞時(shí)，冠詞均不現(xiàn)?！久钫Z詮釋】冠詞是中考必考的語法知識之一，也是中考考查的主要對象。以上口訣包括的意思有：名詞在一般情況下不單用，常常要和冠詞連用；表示不確指的可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)前要用不定冠詞 / a或an,確 指時(shí)要用定冠詞the;如復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示泛指，名詞前有 this, the

47、se, my, some等時(shí)就不用冠詞二、名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則【速記口訣】單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)，規(guī)則要記住，一般加s,特殊有幾處：/t?il/、/?!/、/s/結(jié)尾，es 不離后，末尾字母o,大多加s、/兩人有兩菜，es不離口，詞尾f、fe, s前有v和e;沒有規(guī)則詞，必須單獨(dú)記。【妙語詮釋】大部分單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)要加s,但如果單詞以/t?H/、/?H/、/s/發(fā)音結(jié)尾（也就是單詞如果以 ch, sh, s, x等結(jié)尾），則一般加es;以。結(jié)尾的單詞除了兩人（negro, hero）兩菜（tomato , potato）加es外，其余一般加s;以f或fe結(jié)尾的單詞一般是把 f, fe變?yōu)関e再加s;英語中還有些單詞沒 有規(guī)貝U, 需要特殊記憶，如 child children , mouse mice, deer deer, sheep- sheep, Chinese Chinese, ox 一oxen, manmen, woman women, foot feet, tooth teeth。字串8三、名詞所有格用法【速記口訣】名詞所有格，表物是“誰的” ，若為生命詞，加s”即可行，詞尾有s,僅把逗號擇；并列名詞后，各自和共有， 前者分別加，后者最后加；/若為無生命詞，of所有格，X 前后須倒置，此是硬規(guī)則。【妙語詮釋】有生命的名詞所有格一般加