部分倒裝與完全倒裝的區(qū)別

1、部分倒裝與完全倒裝的區(qū)別英語最基本的詞序“主語部分+謂語部分”通常十分固定。如果把謂語動(dòng)詞放在主語前面，這就叫做倒裝。將謂語動(dòng)詞完全移至主語之前，稱為完全倒裝；如果只是把助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞放在主語之前，稱為部分倒裝。一、全部倒裝1以here， there， now，then開頭的句子,謂語動(dòng)詞要放在句子的主語之前。這種句子中的謂語動(dòng)詞通常是不及物動(dòng)詞。如：Here comes the train！There goes the bell！注意：如果句子的主語是人稱代詞，則不能使用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如：Here it comes！ There it goes！2有些動(dòng)詞短語以副詞out，in，up，down

2、，away等結(jié)尾，構(gòu)成不及物動(dòng)詞短語。這時(shí)，為了使句子更形象，常將這些副詞提前到句首。這時(shí)，句中的謂語動(dòng)詞要放在句子主語的前面，構(gòu)成全部倒裝。（注意，這時(shí)句子的主語也必須是名詞。如果是人稱代詞，也不能使用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。）如：Up went the rocketUp it went3為了強(qiáng)調(diào)表示地點(diǎn)的介詞短語，常將這個(gè)介詞短語放在句首，構(gòu)成全部倒裝。注意，這時(shí)句子的謂語動(dòng)詞通常是不及物動(dòng)詞。如：In the front of the lecture hall sat the speaker4表語置于句首，且主語較長或結(jié)構(gòu)較復(fù)雜的句子要用全部倒裝。如：Gone are the days when we

3、 had nothing to eat5soneithernor表示前面所說的情況也適合于后者，其倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)為“soneithernor助動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主語”（so表示肯定意義，neithernor表示否定意義）。如：She has finished her homework，so has her brotherShe hasnt gone there， neithernor has he但如果so表示強(qiáng)調(diào)， 即強(qiáng)調(diào)前面所說的情況的真實(shí)性時(shí)，其結(jié)構(gòu)是“so主語助動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞”，這里的主語同前一個(gè)句子的主語指的是同一人或物。如：She knows little English，so sh

4、e does 她英語懂得不多。她的確如此。二部分倒裝1用于疑問句中。如：How did you do thatDid you see the film yesterday2用于省略if的虛擬條件狀語從句中。如果我們將連詞if省略，應(yīng)把were， had，should提到主語前面。如：If you had come yesterday， you would have seen himHad you come yesterday， you would have seen him3用于as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中。as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句引起的倒裝有以下幾種形式：1) 副詞置于句首。如：Much as I

5、 like it (Although I like it very much), I will not buy it2) 動(dòng)詞原形置于句首。如Wait as you may(Although you may wait), he will not see you3) 形容詞或名詞置于句首。如：Proud as the nobles are (Although the nobles are proud), they are afraid to see meChild as he is (Although he is a child), he can tell right from wrong注意：

6、如果名詞前有形容詞修飾時(shí)，as 引導(dǎo)的倒裝句中要保留不定冠詞。如：A bad-tempered man as he is (Although he is a bad-tempered man), he loves me deeply4具有否定意義的副詞或連詞(not，hardly，no sooner, not until, seldom，not once，at no time，never，little等) 置于句首時(shí)，句子（主句）采用部分倒裝。如：Little do we know about himNo sooner had he closed his eyes than he fell a

7、sleepSeldom does he come back on SundaysNot until he came back did I know about it5only修飾句子的狀語（從句）位于句首時(shí)，句子（主句）要用部分倒裝。如：Only then did I realize the importance of English但如果only修飾的是句子的其它成分，則無需倒裝。如：Only socialism can save China(only修飾的是句子的主語，故仍用正常語序。)6not onlybut also 連接兩個(gè)并列分句時(shí)，第一個(gè)分句應(yīng)使用部分倒裝。如：Not only

8、does he do well in his lessons, but also he often helps others with their lessons7sothat結(jié)構(gòu)中的倒裝。有時(shí)要強(qiáng)調(diào)so所修飾的形容詞或副詞，常將so連同它所修飾的形容詞或副詞一起提到句首。這時(shí)，主句要用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如：He runs so fast that he is far ahead of othersSo fast does he run that he is far ahead of othersHe is so clever that he can work out all the difficul

9、t problems in the bookSo clever is he that he can work out all the difficult problems in the book （全部倒裝）倒裝的原因有二：1)由于一定語法結(jié)構(gòu)的需要，如：Have you known Mr. Davis long?你認(rèn)識(shí)戴維斯先生很久了嗎?Where have you been?你剛才到哪里去了?Was the car damaged by a truck?這輛小轎車是讓大卡車給撞壞的嗎?2)由于強(qiáng)調(diào)，如：Never have I heard such a funny story.我從來沒聽過

10、這樣有趣的故事。Only then did I fully understand what my father said.只有到那時(shí)，我才充分理解我父親講的話。倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)的基本用法在下列情況下，通常用倒裝句。.1)在問句中，如：What does your father do?你父親干什幺工作?How are you?你身體好嗎?Is he singing of is his brother?是他在唱，還是他弟弟在唱?Was your school setup in 1958? 你們的學(xué)校是7958年成立的嗎?2)在“there + be”結(jié)構(gòu)里，如：There are many tall bu

11、ildings in Hong Kong.香港有很多高建筑物。There is a plane at the airport.飛機(jī)場上有一架飛機(jī)。There are different forms of energy.有各種不同形式的能量。3)在以here(這里)，there(那里)等副詞開頭的某些句子里(須用現(xiàn)在一般時(shí))，如：There goes our director.我們的主任走了。There goes then bell.鈴響了。Here is a ticket for you.這兒有張票給你。Here comes the bus.公共汽車來了。注但如果主語是人稱代詞，主語和謂語動(dòng)詞

12、的詞序則不變。如：There he comes.他來了。Here it is.在這兒(或這就是)。4)虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)中的條件從句省去it時(shí)這時(shí)were，had和should須移至主語之前。如：He would do more work were he in your place.如果他是你的話，他會(huì)干更多工作。Should I earn more money，I should live better.如果我能賺更多的錢，我會(huì)生活得好些。You would have done well had you taken her advice.你如果聽她的意見，你就會(huì)干得好些。Were there no st

13、eel，there would be no modern industry.沒有鋼就不會(huì)有現(xiàn)代工業(yè)。5)直接賓語如果是直接引語的全部或一部分往往放在句首，這時(shí)主語和謂語動(dòng)詞也可顛倒位置。如：“You all made great progress last term，”said the teacher.老師說：“你們上學(xué)期都取得了很大的進(jìn)步?！薄癕iss smith，”replied the monitor，“our success is inseparable from your hard work.”“史密斯小姐，”班長回答說，“我們的成績與你的辛勤勞動(dòng)是分不開的。”6)在某些表達(dá)祝愿的句

14、子里，如：Long live the people!人民萬歲!May you all be happy!祝你們大家愉快! 7)在用肋表示“我也這樣”一類概念的結(jié)構(gòu)里，其公式是：肯定：so + be，have，助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + 主語否定：neither (nor) + be，have，助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + 主語He has visited the museum. so have I.他參觀了博物館。我也參觀了。She enjoys literature.so does every one of us.他喜歡文學(xué)我們每個(gè)人也都喜歡。They can play chess. so can we.

15、他們會(huì)下棋。我們也會(huì)。He is a basketball fan. so do I.他是一個(gè)籃球迷。我也是。He isnt a businessman. neither am I.他不是商人我也不是。They were not thirsty. nor were we.他們不渴我們也不渴。The boy cant swim across the river. nor can his brother.這男孩游不到河的對(duì)岸他弟弟也不行。I did not attend the performance yesterday. neither did my wife.我昨天沒有去看節(jié)目我妻子也沒去。8

16、)在某些副詞開頭的句子中，在用never(從來不)，hardly(幾乎不)，only(只有)，no sooner.than(剛一就)，nor(也不)，scarcely.when(就)，little(很少)等副詞開頭的句子中。如：Never before have I seen such a wonderful park.我從未看到過這樣好的公園。Hardly did I think it possible.我?guī)缀跽J(rèn)為這是不可能的。No sooner had I gone out than he came to see me.我剛出去，他就來看我來了。So loudly did he speak

17、 that everyone could hear him clearly，他講話聲音很大，每個(gè)人都聽得清楚。Under no circumstances will we be the first to use nuclear weapons.我們?cè)谌魏吻闆r下決不首先使用核武器。9)在表示動(dòng)作的簡短句子里，為了表達(dá)生動(dòng)，有時(shí)把副詞放在句首，同時(shí)把謂語動(dòng)詞(常為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞)放在主語之前。如：In came the teacher and the lesson began.教師走了進(jìn)來，接著就開始上課。Away hurried the hunters.獵人們匆忙地走了。out rushed the

18、boy.那男孩沖了出去。注但如果主語是人稱代詞，主語和謂語動(dòng)詞的位置則不變，只將副詞放在句首。如：In he came and the lesson began.他走了進(jìn)來，接著就開始上課。Away they hurried.他們匆忙地走開了。Out he rushed，他沖了出去。10)在其它情況下，有時(shí)因?yàn)榫渥拥闹髡Z比較長，或是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)表語，或是為了更緊密地與上文銜接，常將表語放在句首，同時(shí)顛倒主語和謂語動(dòng)詞的位置。如：Present at the meeting were president Liu，professor Wang，professor Zhang and others.出席會(huì)議的有劉校長、王教授、張教授等人。Shoulder to shoulder，sing