make后賓補(bǔ)及其它知識(shí)

1、make+賓語 +賓語補(bǔ)足語make 用作使役動(dòng)詞表示 “使；使成為” 時(shí)，可跟復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，即“ make+賓語 + 賓語補(bǔ)足語”，其中的賓語補(bǔ)足語可以是不帶 to 的不定式、過去分詞、形容詞或名詞。現(xiàn)將 make的復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)小結(jié)如下：一、“ make賓語 n. ” 意為“使、讓某人/某物 ( 成為 ) ”。 如：We made him captain of our football team.我們推選他作我們足球隊(duì)隊(duì)長(zhǎng)。We made him our monitor.我們選他當(dāng)班長(zhǎng)。二、“ make賓語 adj. ” 意為“使某人 /某事 ( 變得 ) ”。 如：The news that

2、our team had won made us very happy.我們大家非常高興。我們隊(duì)贏了的消息使We must make the rivers clean.我們必須凈化河水。友情提示： 當(dāng)賓語是不定式短語或從句時(shí)，多用it作形式賓語。如：I made it a condition that everybody must be on time.人人都要準(zhǔn)時(shí)。我提出一個(gè)條件，The heavy rain made it impossible for us to go out.去。大雨使得我們無法出三、“ make賓語do sth.（不帶to的不定式）”意為“使某人做某事”。如 :Wha

3、t makes the grass grow?什么東西使得草生長(zhǎng)？Our teacher makes us feel more confident.老師使得我們感到更自信了。友情提示： 在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中，此類結(jié)構(gòu)中省略的動(dòng)詞不定式to要還原。如：The boy was made to work twelve hours a day.小時(shí)的活。這個(gè)男孩被迫每天干十二個(gè)Every day I am made to have an egg and some milk.蛋，喝一些牛奶。我每天不得不吃一個(gè)雞相關(guān)鏈接：have, make, let 等使役動(dòng)詞和 notice, observe 等感官動(dòng)詞都可

4、接不帶see, hear, listen to, to 的不定式作賓補(bǔ)。look at,watch,help 后可帶 to,也可不帶 to 。如：Let him do whatever he wishes to do.他想干什么就讓他干吧。Did you see him go out?你看見他出去了嗎？I often help my mother (to) do some housework.我經(jīng)常幫助媽媽做些家務(wù)。四、“ make賓語 -ed （過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)）”這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)指賓語接受后面的那個(gè)動(dòng)作，表示被動(dòng)的意思，意為 “使某人 / 某事被”。 如：The strange noise made

5、 us frightened.奇怪的聲音使我們感到恐懼。The good news made us excited.這個(gè)好消息使我們興奮。友情提示： 通常情況下， make 后的賓語是反身代詞時(shí)，作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞要用過去分詞，即： make oneself V-ed （ heard, known, understood）。如：He couldn't make himself heard above the noise of the traffic.在交通嘈雜聲中他無法使自己的聲音提高到讓別人聽到。但有時(shí)，根據(jù)句子意思也可用其他形式。如：The little child stood on t

6、he chair to make himself look taller.那個(gè)小孩兒站在椅子上，使他看上去更高些。Rock singers, on the other hand, make music their life.搖滾樂歌手，另一方面，把音樂當(dāng)作他們的生命。五、“ make+賓語 +V-ing （現(xiàn)在分詞）”這一結(jié)構(gòu)表示的意思是“使某人/ 某事一直在”?，F(xiàn)在分詞與賓語之間存在著邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。如：He makes the boy standing all the time.他讓那個(gè)男孩一直站著。相關(guān)鏈接：常接 V-ing 形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞有： see, watch, hear

7、, observe,notice, feel, find keep, get, make等感官動(dòng)詞和等使役動(dòng)詞。look at, listen to等短語動(dòng)詞以及have,友情提示：現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)和不帶 to 的不定式作賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別是： 現(xiàn)在分詞一般表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，而不帶 to 的不定式則一般表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成。如：I saw him putting his hand into his pocket. (動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行)I saw him put his hand into his pocket. (動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成)It seems that用法此句型實(shí)質(zhì)上是“主系表”結(jié)構(gòu)。其中某種情況， seem

8、s為系動(dòng)詞， that / as ifit是人稱代詞，并無實(shí)意，指的是引導(dǎo)表語從句。一、 It seems that表示“看起來”。強(qiáng)調(diào)根據(jù)一定的事實(shí)所得出的一種接近于實(shí)際情況的判斷，可以說表示事實(shí)。（可以轉(zhuǎn)換成“名詞或代詞 seem 動(dòng)詞不定式”句型，其意不變，如果動(dòng)詞不定式為to be 形容詞時(shí)， to be往往省略。）It seems that it is more difficult for womento get to the top of the company. 婦女似乎更難提升到公司的最高職位。It seemsthat no one knows what has happene

9、d in the park. (No one seems to know what has happened in the park.) 似乎沒有人知道在公園里發(fā)生了什么事。It seems to me that he has known everything. (He seems to have known everything) 在我看來他似乎什么事都知道了。It seems to me that Mr. White will not come again.生不會(huì)再來了。依我看，懷特先It seems that she is happy.她似乎很高興。It seems that he li

10、kes his new job.他看起來很喜歡他的新工作。It seems that they don't like the idea.他們似乎不喜歡這個(gè)主意。It seems that he is lying.看來他在撒謊。二、 It seems as if .也表示“看起來，似乎”。使用該句型表示可能： 若從句表示的是很可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的事情， 從句謂語用陳述語氣；若從句表示的是與事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的可能性很小的事情時(shí)， 則從句謂語要用虛擬語氣。1、從句的謂語動(dòng)詞常用虛擬語氣來表示所設(shè)想的事情不真實(shí)或不可能發(fā)生 / 存在。It seems as if she had read this

11、novel.看來她好像看過這本小說。It seems as if it were autumn.現(xiàn)在仿佛是秋天似的。It seems as if it were spring already.似乎春天已經(jīng)來了。It seems as if he knew everything.好像他什么都知道似的。It seems as if she had been to England.好像她到過英國似的。It seems as if they had never seen each other before.從未見過面。仿佛他們以前It seems as if he were in a dream.看來

12、他像是在做夢(mèng)。It seemed as if the good man were trying to teach us all he knew atthis last lesson. 這個(gè)好心人仿佛要在最后這一堂課上把他的全部知識(shí)教給我們。2、如果可能性很大則用陳述語氣，或者句中的情況可能發(fā)生或可能被設(shè)想為真實(shí)，則仍然用陳述語氣。else.It seems as if our team is going to win. 看來我們隊(duì)要?jiǎng)倭恕?It seems as if he has learned by heart a speech written by someone 看來他像是背了一篇由別

13、人寫的演講稿。It seems as if he has been at the scene of the crime 犯罪現(xiàn)場(chǎng)。似乎他好像在It seems as if it is going to rain. (It seems to rain)雨了。看來天要下It seems that she is ill.她似乎病了。It seems that it is going to rain.仿佛天要下雨。It seems as if Ken will win the race.看上去肯好像能贏。It seems as if our team is going to win 看來我們隊(duì)要?jiǎng)倭恕?/p>

14、3、as if還可用于其它動(dòng)詞之后或省略句中。（ as if 引導(dǎo)的從句是“主語系動(dòng)詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，可省略主語和系動(dòng)詞，只剩下名詞、不定式、形容詞（短語）、介詞短語或分詞。）She looks as if she were ten years younger.她看起來好像年輕了十歲。You look as if you didnt care.你看上去好像并不在乎。He talks as if he knew where she was.哪里似的。他說話的樣子，好像他知道她在He talks about Rome as if he had been there before.像他以前去過羅馬似的。他說

15、起羅馬來好The girl listened as if she had been turned to stone.一動(dòng)也不動(dòng)，像已經(jīng)變成了石頭似的。那女孩傾聽著，He opened his mouth as if he would say something.什么。他張開嘴好像要說It looks as if it might snow.看來好像要下雪了。Tom raised his hands as if (he was going) to say something.起手好像要說什么。湯姆舉She left the room hurriedly as if (she was) angry

16、.好像生氣的樣子。她匆忙離開房間He acts as if (he were) a fool 他做事像個(gè)傻子。 in doing sth. 【常用句式】1. be busy (in) doing sth忙于做某事Farmers were busy (in) getting in the crops.農(nóng)民在忙著收莊稼。He was busy (in) packing, for he was leaving that night.李，因?yàn)槟翘焱砩纤鸵吡?。他那時(shí)正忙著打點(diǎn)行Must you worry her with questions, just when she is busy (in)

17、cooking dinner?她正忙著做飯你干嗎偏偏問她問題?2. be late (in) doing sth做某事做晚了或做遲了We were late (in) having dinner.我們吃飯吃得晚。He was late (in) coming to the office this morning.今天早上他來辦公室來得很遲。3. be fortunate (in) doing sth做某事是幸運(yùn)的He is fortunate (in) living to such an advanced age.他能活到這樣的高齡真是幸運(yùn)。Youre fortunate (in) being

18、 able to live in the country.你能住在鄉(xiāng)間真是幸運(yùn)。We re fortunate (in) having you with us.我們很幸運(yùn)，有你和我們?cè)谝黄稹?. spend money (time) (in) doing sth花錢 ( 時(shí)間 ) 做某事Dont spend such a lot of time (in) dressing yourself.別花那么多時(shí)間來打扮(自己)。Theres no fun in spending the evening (in) doing nothing.晚上無事可干，很無聊。Dont spend your whol

19、e life (in) worrying about money.別把一輩子都花在為錢操心上。5. waste money (time) (in) doing sth浪費(fèi)錢( 時(shí)間)做某事He wasted his time (in) doing nothing.他無所事事，浪費(fèi)光陰。She wasted her time and money (in) paying bribes.她將時(shí)間和金錢浪費(fèi)于賄賂。6. have luck (in) doing sth做某事時(shí)有運(yùn)氣He had no luck (in) finding a job.他找工作不走運(yùn)。Did you have any lu

20、ck (in) hunting deer?你去獵鹿運(yùn)氣好嗎 ?7. have difficulty (in) doing sth做某事有困難If you should have any difficulty (in) getting spare parts ring this number.萬一你買備件時(shí)遇到什么困難，請(qǐng)打這個(gè)電話號(hào)碼。Children of divorced parents may have difficulty (in) forming stablerelationships themselves.父母離婚以后，子女之間可能難以形成穩(wěn)定的關(guān)系。8. finddifficul

21、ty (in) doing sth做某事發(fā)現(xiàn)有困難He finds little difficulty (in) learning English.他覺得學(xué)習(xí)英語沒什么困難。I found great difficulty (in) doing the work.做這工作我覺得很吃力。9. havetrouble (in) doing sth做某事有困難I have some trouble (in) reading her handwriting.我認(rèn)她的筆跡有些困難。We had no trouble (in) finding his house.我們沒費(fèi)吹灰之力就找到了他的家。10. h

22、ave bother(in) doing sth做某事費(fèi)勁I had much bother (in) waking him.我喊醒他有很大困難。I didn t have much bother (in) working out this problem.我沒費(fèi)什么勁就解出了這道題。11. have a problem (in) doing sth做某事有困難We had a problem (in) understanding what he says.我們要理解他說的話有不少困難。They seem to have a problem (in) finishing the work in half an hour.他們要在半小時(shí)內(nèi)把工作干完似乎有些問題。12. have a good time (in) doing sth做某事很開心We had a good time (in) playing tennis.我們打網(wǎng)球打得很開心。The ch