英語時態(tài) (2)

1、 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時 用法：說話時正在進(jìn)行的動作或當(dāng)用法：說話時正在進(jìn)行的動作或當(dāng) 前一段時間正在進(jìn)行的動作前一段時間正在進(jìn)行的動作 常用時間狀語常用時間狀語 ：now,these days 動詞構(gòu)成動詞構(gòu)成 ： am/is/are+現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞(-ing) am/is/are working 否定構(gòu)成否定構(gòu)成 ： am/is/are+not+現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞 一般疑問構(gòu)成及簡答：一般疑問構(gòu)成及簡答：Am/Is/Are+主語主語+現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞 + 其它？其它？Yes,I am(he is.) No,they arent 特殊疑問舉例：特殊疑問舉例：What are you doing

2、 now? Who is flying a kite there? 注意：注意：go,come,leave.arrive,return,die等的進(jìn)等的進(jìn) 行時行時 有時表示即將發(fā)生的動作。有時表示即將發(fā)生的動作。 1.I _(write, am writing, is writing, are writing) a letter now.2.Look, it _(begin, is beginning, am beginning, are beginning) to rain.3.They _(study, is studying, am studying, are studying) me

3、dicine at the Medical Institute of Chengde these days.4.He _(teach, am teaching, is teaching, are teaching) an English lesson at this time.用法：過去某一時刻或某一段時間內(nèi)正在發(fā)生用法：過去某一時刻或某一段時間內(nèi)正在發(fā)生 的動作的動作常用時間狀語：常用時間狀語：at this time yesterday,at that time, at ten oclock yesterday或或when引導(dǎo)的從句引導(dǎo)的從句動詞構(gòu)成：動詞構(gòu)成： was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞

4、現(xiàn)在分詞(-ing) 以以work為例：為例：was/were working否定構(gòu)成：否定構(gòu)成： was/were not+現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞一般疑問構(gòu)成及簡答舉例一般疑問構(gòu)成及簡答舉例: Was/Were+主語主語+現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞+其它？其它？ Yes,I was No,I wasnt特殊疑問句舉例：特殊疑問句舉例： What were you dong this time yesterday? Where was he standing when the teacher came in? 用法：過去某一時刻或某一段時間內(nèi)正在發(fā)生用法：過去某一時刻或某一段時間內(nèi)正在發(fā)生 的動作的動作常用時

5、間狀語：常用時間狀語：at this time yesterday,at that time, at ten oclock yesterday或或when引導(dǎo)的從句引導(dǎo)的從句動詞構(gòu)成：動詞構(gòu)成： was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞(-ing) 以以work為例：為例：was/were working否定構(gòu)成：否定構(gòu)成： was/were not+現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞一般疑問構(gòu)成及簡答舉例一般疑問構(gòu)成及簡答舉例: Was/Were+主語主語+現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞+其它？其它？ Yes,I was No,I wasnt特殊疑問句舉例：特殊疑問句舉例： What were you dong this tim

6、e yesterday? Where was he standing when the teacher came in? 1.I _(cook, cooked, was cooking, were cooking) breakfast when you arrived.2.What _you_( do, did, was.doing, weredoing) at this time yesterday evening?3.We_(have, are having, had, were having) dinner when the doorbell rang.4.While/ When/ As

7、 we_( have, had, are having, were having) dinner, the doorbell rang.用法：將來會出現(xiàn)或發(fā)生的動作常用時間狀語：this evening,tomorrow,next month,in a few minutes,at the end of this term動詞構(gòu)成: 1,will/shall+動原 2,am/is/are going to+動詞原型 3,sm/is/are(about)+動詞不定式 4,am/is/are+coming等現(xiàn)在分詞以work為例:will/shall work am/is/are going to

8、 work am/is/are(about) to work am/is/are coming/leaving否定構(gòu)成：will/shall not am/is/are not特殊疑問句舉例:What will you do tomorrow? When are we going to have a class meeting? 備注：在if條件或as soon as等時間狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時。 1 _you _a doctor when you grow up?A Will; going to be B Are; going to be C Are; / D Will; be

9、2 I dont know if his uncle _. I think he _ if it doesnt rain.A will come; comes B will come; will come C comes; comes D comes; will come3 He will be back _a few minutes. A with B for C on D in4 What time _we meet at the gate tomorrow? A will B shall C do D are5 He will have a holiday as soon as he _

10、the work next week.A finishes B doesnt finish C will finish D wont finish6 There _some showers this afternoon. A will be B will have C is going to be D are going to have 7 It _my brothers birthday tomorrow. She _a party.A is going to be; will have B will be; is having C will be; is going to have D w

11、ill have; is going to be8 Li Ming is 10 years old now, next year he _11. A is B is going to be C will be D will to be 用法：從過去某時間來看將要發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)，用法：從過去某時間來看將要發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)， 常用于賓從常用于賓從常用時間狀語：常用時間狀語：the next week等等動詞構(gòu)成：動詞構(gòu)成： 1、would/should+動原動原 2、 was/were going to+動原動原 3、was/were(about) to+動原動原以以work為例：為例：woul

12、d/should work was/were going to work was/were(about) to work否定構(gòu)成：否定構(gòu)成：would/should not was/were not一般疑問構(gòu)成：常用一般疑問構(gòu)成：常用if或或whether引導(dǎo)賓從引導(dǎo)賓從特殊疑問句舉例：特殊疑問句舉例：He asked what they would do the next week. 1.I told my friend that I _ (should/ would arrive, shall/ will arrive) soon.2.They looked at those clouds

13、 over the sky. It_(is going to rain, was going to rain).3.They said that they _(are to meet, were to meet) at the gate the next day.4.We _(are about to go, were about to go) out when it started to rain.一般現(xiàn)在時 用法用法：經(jīng)常性的和習(xí)慣性的動作經(jīng)常性的和習(xí)慣性的動作 常用時間狀語常用時間狀語 ： usually,sometimes,in spring, every day,in the mor

14、ning 動詞構(gòu)成動詞構(gòu)成 ：動詞原型動詞原型. work 動詞動詞+S.（主語是第三人稱單數(shù)）主語是第三人稱單數(shù)）works 否定構(gòu)成否定構(gòu)成 ： dont+動原動原 doesnt+動原動原 一般疑問構(gòu)成及簡答一般疑問構(gòu)成及簡答：Do+主語主語+動原動原+其它？其它？Yes,I do. Does+主語主語+動原動原+其它其它？No,he doesnt. 特殊疑問舉例特殊疑問舉例 ：What do you often do on Sundays? Where does he live? 注意注意： start,leave,go,come等的一般現(xiàn)在時可表示按等的一般現(xiàn)在時可表示按 規(guī)規(guī)定要發(fā)生

15、的未來動作，如列車將離開?？陀^真理在從句定要發(fā)生的未來動作，如列車將離開。客觀真理在從句中也用一般現(xiàn)在時中也用一般現(xiàn)在時 1. 1. He_(be, am, is, are) a teacher at No. 2 Middle School.2. 2. He_(have, has) classes in the afternoon.3. 3. He_(get, gets) up at half past six every morning.4. 4. He always _(come, comes ) to school on time.5. 5. He _(study, studies) v

16、ery hard at his lesson.6. 6. One and two _(be, is, are) three.7. 7. Blue and yellow _(make, makes) green.8. 8. The earth _(move, moves) around the sun.9. 9. I will go there if I _( be, will be, am, is, are) free tomorrow.10. 10. I will go there when I _(have, will have, has) time tomorrow.11. 11. He

17、 wont come to the party unless he _(be, will be, am, is, are) invited.12. 12. Ill wait here until my mother _(come, comes, will come) back.13. 13. Please return the book to the library as soon as you _(finish, finishes, will finish) reading it.14. 14. Once you _(see, sees, will see) him, you will ne

18、ver forget him.用法：過去時間發(fā)生的或過去經(jīng)常性的動作用法：過去時間發(fā)生的或過去經(jīng)常性的動作常用時間狀語：常用時間狀語：yesterday,last night,two days ago, in 2000,at that time,before liberation，when 等引導(dǎo)的含等引導(dǎo)的含 過去時的句子。過去時的句子。動詞構(gòu)成：動詞過去時（動詞構(gòu)成：動詞過去時（-ed） worked/used to work否定構(gòu)成：否定構(gòu)成：didnt+動原動原 didnt work used not(didnt use) to work一般疑問構(gòu)成及簡答舉例：一般疑問構(gòu)成及簡答舉例：

19、Did+主語主語+動原動原+其它？其它？ 特殊疑問句舉例：特殊疑問句舉例：What did he do yesterday? When did he get up this morning? 備注：備注：He has opened the door.（表示過去表示過去“開門開門”的動作對現(xiàn)在的的動作對現(xiàn)在的影響是門還開著）影響是門還開著）He opened the door.(不能確定門現(xiàn)在是否開著不能確定門現(xiàn)在是否開著) He_(be, was, were, been) here a moment ago.They _(be, was, were, been) here just now.T

20、he scientists _(leave, leaves, leaved, left) for America yesterday.Last week we _(visit, visited ) the Science Museum.When I was a child, I often _(play, played) football.The students ran out of the classroom as soon as the bell _(ring, rang, rung).用法用法: 1、發(fā)生在過去的動作且對現(xiàn)在仍有影響的動作，、發(fā)生在過去的動作且對現(xiàn)在仍有影響的動作， 強(qiáng)

21、調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響.2、從過去一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作、從過去一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作常用時間狀語：常用時間狀語：already,just,never,before,recently,in the past few years,ever,so far,since+過去的點(diǎn)時過去的點(diǎn)時 間間,for+段時間段時間動詞構(gòu)成：動詞構(gòu)成：have/has+過去分詞過去分詞(-ed) have/has worked否定構(gòu)成：否定構(gòu)成：have/has not+過去分詞過去分詞一般疑問構(gòu)成：一般疑問構(gòu)成： Have/Has+主語主語+過去分詞過去分詞?特殊疑問句舉例：特殊疑問句舉例：What have

22、 you done recently? How long has he lived in Beijing?備注：暫時性動詞不能與備注：暫時性動詞不能與for, since,How long等等 表示段時間表示段時間 的短語同時使用。的短語同時使用。 1.You have _ a tall young man. A grown B grown into C grown us D grown up2. He has _ the watch for a year. A buy B bought C have D had3. Has your brother _ the dog? A kept in

23、B fed C fed on D kept on4. I _this book for two weeks, I have to return it now.A borrowed B have borrowed C kept D have kept5. Have you ever _to the Great Wall? Its very beautiful. A gone B been C went D go 6. Her brother _the Party since 1978. A joined B has joined C has been in D was in 7. The Gre

24、ens _many places of interest since they came to China. A will visit B visited C have visited D visit8 Im sorry, I _ your name. A had forgotten B forgot C have forgotten D forgotten9 The bookshop _ for eight years. A has been open B has been opened C has opened D has open10 We have all the paper so w

25、e need to buy some.A used up B made of C filled with D hunted for11 The flower I _grown up. A planted has B planted have C has planted D have planted1. The Oriental Pearl TV Tower _ thousands of visitors since 1995. A.attracted B. attracts C. has attracted D. will attract 2. How long _ you _ here? F

26、or about two years so far.A.have, studied B. did, live C. do, stay D. were, swimming 3. How is your father? I _him for a long time.He is fine, but busy.A.dont see B. hadnt seen C. didnt see D. havent seen 4. Meimei has received several letters from her hometown since she _ to the city. A. cameB. com

27、es C. has comeD. will come 1.What are you going to do this weekend? I _ yet.A.havent decided B. wont decide C. have decided D. didnt decide 2. My mother _ the windows already, so the room looks much brighter. A.has cleaned B. had cleaned C. is cleaning D. will clean 3. It _ ten years since we last _

28、 in Beijing. A.was, met B. has been, met C. was, meet D. is, meet 4. How long has the weather been like this? _.A.Until last night B. Ever since last night C. Two days ago D. Two days later 用法：用法：1、過去某時間或動作之前完成的動作或狀態(tài)、過去某時間或動作之前完成的動作或狀態(tài)(過去過去的過去的過去)。2、過去某一時間的動作延續(xù)到過去另一時間、過去某一時間的動作延續(xù)到過去另一時間常用時間狀語：常用時間狀語

29、： by that time,by the end of , when/before+ 從句，從句，said/knew/asked的賓從中的賓從中動詞構(gòu)成動詞構(gòu)成:had+過去分詞過去分詞(-ed)以以work為例：為例： had worked否定構(gòu)成否定構(gòu)成:had not+過去分詞過去分詞一般疑問構(gòu)成：一般疑問構(gòu)成：Had+主語主語+過去分詞過去分詞+其它？其它？ Yes,I had. No,I hadnt.特殊疑問句舉例：特殊疑問句舉例： How many English words had you learned by the end of last term? 1. We _(hav

30、e read, had read) 500 stories by the end of last term.2. He said that they _(have arrived, had arrived) an hour before.3. After /When he _(has done, had done) his job, he went to bed.4. I waited till he _(has finished, had finished) his work.5. When I got there, he _(has been, had been) away for hal

31、f an hour.6. I went back to the classroom because I _(have left, had left) my dictionary there.助動詞助動詞have (has) + 動詞的過去分詞動詞的過去分詞注：注：has 用于第三人稱單數(shù)，用于第三人稱單數(shù)，have 用于其他所有人稱。用于其他所有人稱。 （1）現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成）現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。通常與表示包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時間副詞的影響或結(jié)果。通常與表示包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時間副詞just，already, before

32、, yet, never, ever等狀語連用。例如：等狀語連用。例如： I have never heard of that before. Have you ever ridden a horse? She has already finished the work. Have you milked the cow yet? Yes, I have done that already. Ive just lost my science book. （2）現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在）現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,也許還會持續(xù)下也許還會持續(xù)下去的動作或狀態(tài)。可以和表示從過

33、去某一時刻延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（包括現(xiàn)去的動作或狀態(tài)?？梢院捅硎緩倪^去某一時刻延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)）的一段時間的狀語連用。在在內(nèi)）的一段時間的狀語連用。 如：如：for和和since，以及以及 so far, now, today, this week(month, year) 等。等。 I havent seen her these days. She has learnt English for 3 years. They have lived here since 1990. What has happened to the USA in the last 350 years?注意：表示短暫時

34、間動作的詞，如注意：表示短暫時間動作的詞，如come, go, die, marry, buy等的完等的完成時不能與成時不能與for, since等表示一段時間的短語連用。等表示一段時間的短語連用。 Ill go to your home when I have finished my homework. If it has stopped snowing in the morning, well go to the park. have / has been (to) 表示表示“曾經(jīng)去過曾經(jīng)去過”某地，說話時此人很可能某地，說話時此人很可能不在那里，已經(jīng)回來。側(cè)重指經(jīng)歷。不在那里，已經(jīng)回來。

35、側(cè)重指經(jīng)歷。have / has gone (to) 表示某人表示某人“已經(jīng)去了已經(jīng)去了”某地，說話時此人在某地，說話時此人在那里，或可能在路上，反正不在這里。那里，或可能在路上，反正不在這里。 He has been to Beijing. 他曾去過北京。他曾去過北京。 （人已回來，可能在這兒）（人已回來，可能在這兒） He has gone to Beijing. 他已經(jīng)去了北京。他已經(jīng)去了北京。 （人已走，不在這兒）。（人已走，不在這兒）。 1）過去時表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情，強(qiáng)）過去時表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動作；現(xiàn)在完成時為過去發(fā)生的，強(qiáng)調(diào)過

36、去的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響，調(diào)動作；現(xiàn)在完成時為過去發(fā)生的，強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響。強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響。 2）過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用，而現(xiàn)在完成時通常與模糊）過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用，而現(xiàn)在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用，或無時間狀語。的時間狀語連用，或無時間狀語。 一般過去時的時間狀語有：一般過去時的時間狀語有：yesterday, last week，ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具體的時間狀語。具體的時間狀語。 共同的時間狀語有：共同的時間狀語有：this morning, tonight, this April, now, onc

37、e，before, already, recently，lately等。等。 現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語有：現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語有：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always, 等不確定的時間狀語。等不確定的時間狀語。 I saw this film yesterday. （強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動作發(fā)生過了。）強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動作發(fā)生過了。） I have seen this film. （強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。）強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。） She

38、has returned from Paris.（她已從巴黎回來了。）她已從巴黎回來了。） She returned yesterday. （她是昨天回來了。）她是昨天回來了。） He has been in the League for three years. (在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù)在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù)) He joined the League three years ago. ( 三年前入團(tuán)，三年前入團(tuán)，joined為短暫行為。為短暫行為。)注意：注意：句子中如有過去時的時間副詞（如句子中如有過去時的時間副詞（如 yesterday, last week, in 1960）時，不能使用現(xiàn)在

39、完成時，要用過去時。例如：時，不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時，要用過去時。例如：（錯）（錯）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.（對）對）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 延續(xù)動詞表示經(jīng)驗(yàn)、經(jīng)歷；延續(xù)動詞表示經(jīng)驗(yàn)、經(jīng)歷； 瞬間動詞表示行為的結(jié)果，不能與瞬間動詞表示行為的結(jié)果，不能與表示段的時間狀語連用。表示段的時間狀語連用。 He has completed the work. 他已完成了那項(xiàng)工作。他已完成了那項(xiàng)工作。 (表結(jié)果表結(jié)果) Ive known him since the

40、n. 我從那時起就認(rèn)識他了。我從那時起就認(rèn)識他了。(表經(jīng)歷表經(jīng)歷) 延續(xù)動詞用于肯定句，表示延續(xù)動詞用于肯定句，表示“做做直到直到” ；瞬間動詞；瞬間動詞用于否定句，表示用于否定句，表示“到到，才，才”。 He didnt come back until ten oclock. 他到他到10 點(diǎn)才回來。點(diǎn)才回來。 He slept until ten oclock. 他一直睡到他一直睡到10點(diǎn)。點(diǎn)。1. You dont need to describe her. I _ her several times. A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet ；首先本

41、題后句強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，我知道她的模樣，你不首先本題后句強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，我知道她的模樣，你不用描述。再次，用描述。再次，several times告知為反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作，因此用現(xiàn)在告知為反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作，因此用現(xiàn)在完成時。完成時。2. - Im sorry to keep you waiting.- Oh, not at all. I _ here only a few minutes. A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be ； 等待的動作由過去開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時。等待的動作由過去開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時。 1、概念：表示過去的過去。、概念：表示過去的過去。 -|-|-|- 那時以前那時以前 那時那時 現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在 2、過去完成時的用法：、過去完成時的用法： （1）過去完成時表示過去某一時刻或者某一動作之前完成的動）過去完成時表示過去某一時刻或者某一動作之前