中考第二輪復(fù)習(xí)——語法專項(xiàng)代詞

1、年 級(jí)初三學(xué) 科英語版 本人教版（新目標(biāo)）內(nèi)容標(biāo)題二輪復(fù)習(xí) 語法專項(xiàng)編稿老師康文崗【本講教育信息】一、教學(xué)內(nèi)容二輪復(fù)習(xí) 語法專項(xiàng)【具體教學(xué)內(nèi)容】代詞考點(diǎn)清單：人稱代詞的主格和賓格；形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞的區(qū)別；反身代詞的人稱和數(shù)的變化以及固定搭配；指示代詞的單復(fù)數(shù)；易混不定代詞的區(qū)別與運(yùn)用；one(s), that, those等作替代詞的用法；（一）人稱代詞表示“我”、“你”、“他”、“她”、“它”、“我們”、“你們”、“他們”的詞，叫做人稱代詞。人稱代詞有人稱、數(shù)和格的變化，見下表：人稱單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)主格賓格主格賓格第一人稱Imeweus第二人稱youyouyouyou第三人稱hehi

2、mtheythemsheheritit（1）主格用來作主語，賓格用來作動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語。She gave me a red apple. 她給了我一個(gè)紅蘋果。(she作主語，me作動(dòng)詞賓語)Kathy is near him. 凱西靠近他。(him作介詞near的賓語)【走近中考】Im going skating. Would you like to go with ?A. me B. I C. my D. mine The two girls are your new classmates. Help , please.A. them B. they C. their D. theirs（2

3、）he和she 可以用來擬人。she可以用來代指國(guó)家、月亮、城市、輪船等，表示親切和愛撫；另外在談到自己心愛的動(dòng)物時(shí)也常用he 或she 來表示喜愛。Our country is so beautiful, isnt she?The dog is waving his tail.（3）it作人稱代詞的用法。代表不知性別的孩子或嬰兒或只聞其聲、不見其人的人。The bell rings again. Go and see who it is. 【走近中考】Who is singing in the next room? must be Marie.A. It B. She C. This D.

4、There 用來指時(shí)間、天氣、距離等。It is ten thirty now.It was snowing this morning.How far is it from here to the park?作形式主語和形式賓語。It is hard for me to work out the problem.I find it hard to learn English well. （二）物主代詞表示所有關(guān)系的代詞叫做物主代詞，也可叫做代詞所有格。物主代詞分形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞兩種，其人稱和數(shù)的變化見下表。形容詞性物主代詞用作定語, 用在名詞之前。例如:I love my fa

5、mily. 我愛我家。Is this your bike? 這是你的自行車嗎?【走近中考】Mandy has got a lovely dog. name is Oliver. (it)名詞性物主代詞可作主語、賓語、表語以及與“of” 連用。（1）名詞性物主代詞用作主語。例如:This is your bike, mine is there. 這是你的自行車,我的在那兒。Are these their sweaters? 這些是他們的毛衣嗎?No, theirs are on the bed. 不,他們的在床上。（2）名詞性物主代詞用作賓語。My bedroom is very comfort

6、able. It is just like yours. 我的臥室很舒適，跟你的一樣。He likes his coat, I like mine. 他喜歡他的外套,我喜歡我的。（3）名詞性物主代詞用作表語。This is my book, that is yours. 這是我的書,那是你的。That car is mine, not yours. 那輛汽車是我的,不是你的。Whose bag is it? Its his. 這是誰的書包? 是他的。（4）名詞性物主代詞與“of”連用。（屬雙重所有格的一種形式）Tom is an old friend of mine. 湯姆是我的一個(gè)老朋友?！?/p>

7、走近中考】David talked with a friend of on the Internet for a long time yesterday.A. he B. his C. him D. himself 另外,我們還可以從它們后面是否接名詞來進(jìn)行判斷應(yīng)該用形容詞性還是名詞性物主代詞。如果后面能接名詞的話,就應(yīng)該用形容詞性物主代詞；不能在后面接名詞的話,就應(yīng)該用名詞性物主代詞。例如:This is my book. This book is mine. 【走近中考】Is the novel Journey to the West book?No, its Helens. I left

8、 at home.A. your; my B. yours; mine C. you; it D. your; mine There is something wrong with your computer. Please use . （我的）Something is wrong with your car. Dont worry, you can use .(we)（三）指示代詞（this, that, these, those）（1）指示代詞有單復(fù)數(shù)之分，既可指物，也可用于介紹人。This is an apple tree, and that is an orange tree這是一棵蘋

9、果樹，那是一棵桔子樹。These are my friends, and that is my sister這些是我朋友，那個(gè)是我姐姐。（2）that 和those 可用來代替前面提到過的事物。The weather of Kunming is better than that of Beijing.The radios made in Shanghai are as good as those made in Tianjin. 【走近中考】The machines made in China are cheaper than made in Japan.A. ones B. that C.

10、those D. it （四）反身代詞表示“我自己”、“你自己”、“他（她、它）自己”、“我們自己”、“你們自己”和“他們自己”的代詞，叫作反身代詞。 數(shù)人稱單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)第一人稱myselfourselves第二人稱yourselfyourselves第三人稱himselfherselfitselfthemselves（1）反身代詞在句中可作同位語，起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用，也可作動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語。A few days later, I myself had to go to Paris.= A few days later, I had to go to Paris myself. (作同位語)She bou

11、ght herself a new bag. (作動(dòng)詞賓語)Hes not worried about himself. (作介詞賓語)（2）反身代詞與by連用，意為“獨(dú)自”。Can you cook dinner by yourself?（3）帶有反身代詞的常用短語。teach oneself自學(xué)help oneself to隨便吃/喝些say to oneself自言自語learnby oneself = teach oneself自學(xué)enjoy oneself過得愉快leave one by oneself把某人單獨(dú)留下hurt oneself傷了自己dress oneself自己穿衣服

12、【走近中考】Teenagers should be allowed to make decisions by t .Tom doesnt like the film , but his parents like .A. himself; it B. itself; themselves C. itself; it D. himself; themselves The play was not interesting, but the actors performed quite well. (it)I guess Tom and his sister Celia enjoyed at the

13、party.A. myself B. himself C. herself D. themselves （五）不定代詞（1）one和ones的用法one用來代替前面剛提到的一個(gè)東西或一個(gè)人，以免重復(fù)；復(fù)數(shù)ones用來代替前面提到的一些物或一些人。one 和ones 的前面可用the, this, that, which以及形容詞等詞修飾。Would you please pass me the science book? Which one?The one on my shelf.The pencils are blue. Will you please pass me some red on

14、es?注意：it只能用來指物，它所指的特定的東西是前面提到過的某物，指的是同類同物。May I use your car? Sure, you can use it. 【走近中考】My son wants a pet rabbit for long, but I have no time to buy for him.A. it B. that C. the one D. one I have got many collections of snow globes. You may take if you like.A. either B. one C. it D. none Your MP4

15、 is quite cheap. Where did you buy ? I want to buy , too.A. one; one B. it; it C. it; one D. one; it some 和any some 和any 可與可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞連用。some及其合成詞somebody, something一般用于肯定句中。any及其合成詞anybody, anything一般用于否定句和疑問句中。There are some birds in the tree. 樹上有些鳥。There is some water in the bottle. 瓶里有些水。There

16、 is somebody who wants to speak to you. 有人要同你講話。I dont have any brothers or sisters. 我沒有兄弟姐妹。Is there any tea in the cup?杯子里有茶嗎?Do you have anything else to say?你還有什么要說的嗎？【走近中考】Im hungry. I want to eat.A. anything B. something C. everything D. nothing 當(dāng)問句表示一種建議或者請(qǐng)求，或期待一個(gè)肯定的回答時(shí)要用some/something。Would

17、you like some tea?你要不要來點(diǎn)茶？Would you like something to eat? 你想吃些什么？some+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞表示“某一個(gè)”，any+單數(shù)名詞表示“隨便哪一個(gè)”或“任何一個(gè)”。Ill catch up with you some day. 有一天我會(huì)趕上你的。I was reading when some woman came into the classroom. 我正在看書，這時(shí)有個(gè)女的走進(jìn)教室。Come any day you like. 你哪天來都行。Tom is taller than any other student in his cl

18、ass. 湯姆比他班上其他任何一個(gè)學(xué)生都高。no和 none1）no(=not anynot a)意為“沒有”，可接可數(shù)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)，也可接不可數(shù)名詞。There are no books on the desk.There is no book on the desk.There is no water in it. 由no構(gòu)成的合成詞nobody, nothing是否定詞，表示否定含義。Nobody remembered his name. 沒人能記起他的名字。He said nothing. = He didnt say anything. 他什么也沒說?！咀呓锌肌縄 knocked o

19、n the door several times but answered, so I left.A. somebody B. nobody C. anybody D. everybody May I have a glass of beer, please?Beer? Sorry, theres left, but would you like some juice instead?A. none B. something C. no one D. nothing 2）none“沒有一個(gè)人物”用于否定三者或三者以上的可數(shù)名詞。可以用于回答由How many或How much提出的問題。Non

20、e of them hashave been to Japan. 他們都沒去過日本。I like none of the books. 這些書我全都不喜歡。How many students went there? None. 【走近中考】I tried several jackets on, but of them looked good.A. both B. either C. none D. neither all和bothboth表示兩者“都”(強(qiáng)調(diào)全體)。Her parents are both doctors. 她父母都是醫(yī)生。Both of them are doctors. 他

21、倆都是醫(yī)生。They both like potatoes. 他倆喜歡吃土豆。all“全體大家一切”用于三者以上，也可接不可數(shù)名詞。Thats all for today. 今天到此為止。All of us are from China. = We are all from China. 我們都來自中國(guó)。All the food is delicious. 所有的食物都很好吃?！咀呓锌肌緼re you from America?No, none of us.A. both B. all C. any D. either There are many tall buildings on sid

22、es of the street.A. either B. all C. both I had to buy these books because I didnt know which one was the best.A. all B. none C. both D. neither either和neithereither“兩者之一”，用于兩者(強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體)。The two coats are cheap, so you can choose either of them.那兩件外套不貴，你可以隨便挑一件。Either of the books is good. 兩本書中任何一本都不錯(cuò)。n

23、either“兩個(gè)都不”，用于否定兩者。Neither of the books is interesting. 那兩本書沒一本好看的。He wrote to neither of us. 他沒給我們兩個(gè)人中的任何一個(gè)人寫信?！咀呓锌肌縒hen shall we go to the museum, this afternoon or tomorrow morning? is OK. Im free these days.A. Both B. All C. Either D. Neither Which do you like better, skating or skiing? of the

24、m. I like running.A. All B. Both C. Either D. Neither Would you like chicken noodles or beef noodles? . Id like tomato noodles.A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None many，much；(a)few，(a)little的用法many(+復(fù)數(shù)名詞)，much(+不可數(shù)名詞)表示“許多/很多”。Many of the students come from England. 那些學(xué)生許多是從英國(guó)來的。Thanks, its too much

25、 for me. 謝謝，我承受不起。few(+復(fù)數(shù)名詞)，little(+不可數(shù)名詞)表示“不多很少”(表否定)。There were few people in the street last night. 昨晚街上沒什么人。I am very worried that I have little time to finish the job. 我擔(dān)心，我?guī)缀鯖]有時(shí)間完成這份工作了。a few(+復(fù)數(shù)名詞)，a little(+不可數(shù)名詞)表示“有一些有幾個(gè)”(表肯定)。I can see a few cakes and a little bread in the fridge. 我看到冰箱

26、里有幾塊蛋糕和一些面包。注意：quite a few表示“相當(dāng)多”There are quite a few students over there. 那兒有相當(dāng)多的學(xué)生?！咀呓锌肌?Engineers and workers are helping to rebuild the damaged city. A. Many B. Much C. A little D. A lot Theres sauce left in the bottle. Would you go to the corner market to get ?A. a little; some B. a little; a

27、ny C. little; some D. little; any The foreigner spoke so fast that I understood of his speech.A. few B. a few C. little D. a little A lot of story books are on sale, but good ones. A. any B. some C. few D. many one, other, others, the others, another等的用法 （onethe other）表示只有兩者的情況下，一個(gè)與另一個(gè)的關(guān)系。I have two

28、 friendsOne is a teacher and the other is a doctor. （onethe others）側(cè)重列舉多數(shù)人或物中的一個(gè)與其余全部。 They have four children. One is a girl, the others are boys. （one.another）側(cè)重在三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或物中選擇其中任何一個(gè)。 I dont like this pair of shoes. Would you please show me another pair？ （somethe others）列舉多數(shù)人或物中的一部分和其余全部。Some stud

29、ents are reading, the others are drawing pictures.（someothers）列舉多數(shù)人或物中的一部分和另一部分的一些（不是全部）。 Last Sunday, some students went to the Great Wall, others stayed at home. 連詞（一）并列連詞（用來連接并列關(guān)系的詞、詞組或分句）and意為“和”、“而且”，用來連接對(duì)等關(guān)系的詞、短語或句子。He stood up and put on his hat. （and在譯成中文時(shí)，不一定要翻譯出“和”來）and 用于祈使句中，用法為“祈使句，and”

30、，相當(dāng)于“If you, youll”Hurry up, and youll catch the bus. = If you hurry up, youll catch the bus. Use your head, and youll find a way.= If you use your head, youll find a way.【走近中考】Work hard, youll pass the English exam this time.A. or B. but C. because D. and or 用在選擇疑問句中連接被選擇的對(duì)象，意為“或，還是”；用于否定句中連接并列成分，表

31、示“和，與”的意思。Would you like coffee or tea?I dont like bread, rice or porridge. 【走近中考】Were going to the bookstore. You can come with us you can meet us there later.A. and B. but C. or D. then or 用于祈使句中，用法為“祈使句，or”，相當(dāng)于“If you dont, youll”，譯成“請(qǐng)，否則”，有轉(zhuǎn)折的意思。Study hard, or youll fail in the exam. = If you do

32、nt study hard, youll fail in the exam. 【走近中考】We should leave early tomorrow morning, we wont get there on time. A. so B. or C. but D. and but 意為“但是，而，可是”，表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。Li Lei likes violin but doesnt like piano.Mary likes violin, but Tom doesnt. （在連接的句子中，如果某些成分與前面相同，則可省略。）【走近中考】Its a nice house it hasnt got

33、 a garden.A. and B. or C. but D. so Was the boy saved?No. The doctors tried their best, they failed.A. and B. so C. but both and意為“和，既也”。它構(gòu)成的詞組作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)。Both Li Ming and Li Lei are good students.both and的否定句表示部分否定。Both Li Ming and Li Lei are not good students. either or 和neither nor.either or意為“

34、或或；不是就是”either or構(gòu)成的詞組作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞隨其鄰近的or后面的主語而定。Either you or he is right. I dont want to visit either Tianjin or Shanghai. neither nor意為“既不也不”neither nor構(gòu)成的詞組作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的用法和either or的用法一樣，由其鄰近的nor后面的主語而定。Neither he nor I speak a foreign language. 本身是全部否定，所以不能再用否定式，不能再加not。Neither you nor I am right. 【走

35、近中考】These story books for children are awfully written. They are interesting exciting.A. either; or B. neither; nor C. both; and D. not only; but also not only but also意為“不但而且”，它構(gòu)成的詞組作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞隨鄰近的but also后面的主語而定。Not only the students but also the teacher was against the plan. They speak English not

36、only in class but also in the dormitory. （二）從屬連詞（是用來引導(dǎo)從句的）時(shí)間狀語從句1. when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，常譯為“當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候”，when的從句可以用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，也可以用終止性動(dòng)詞。He was working at the table when I went in. 當(dāng)我進(jìn)去的時(shí)候，他正在桌旁工作。Someone knocked at the door when I was sleeping. 當(dāng)我正在睡覺時(shí)，有人敲門。I will visit my good friend when I have time . 當(dāng)我有空兒時(shí)，我將去看望我的

37、好友。2. while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，常譯為“與同時(shí)，在期間”，while的從句中常用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或表示狀態(tài)的詞。They rushed in while we were discussing problems. 當(dāng)我們正在討論問題時(shí)，他們沖了進(jìn)來。Father was cleaning the car while I was playing computer games. 當(dāng)我正在打電子游戲時(shí)，爸爸正在清洗汽車。注：while也可以作并列連詞，表轉(zhuǎn)折的關(guān)系，譯為“然而”。I like listening to music, while my brother likes doing spor

38、ts. 我喜歡聽音樂，而我的兄弟愛好運(yùn)動(dòng)?！咀呓锌肌?he comes back, Ill tell him.A. Where B. How C. When D. What Yesterday evening I was playing the piano the doorbell rang.A. when B. before C. while D. after 3. before和after引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，before強(qiáng)調(diào)主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句的動(dòng)作之前，而after強(qiáng)調(diào)主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句的動(dòng)作之后。He had been a cook before he went to colleg

39、e. 他上大學(xué)前曾當(dāng)過廚師。He called me after he had finished his work. 他在工作完之后給我打了個(gè)電話。注：若主句和從句兩個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后順序十分接近，那么也可以不用完成時(shí)態(tài)，例如上面的第二句可改成：He called me after he finished his work. 4. as soon as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，譯為“一就”。He will go to see you as soon as he gets here. 他一到這里就會(huì)去看你。She got everything ready as soon as she got to sc

40、hool. 她一到學(xué)校就把一切都準(zhǔn)備好了?！咀呓锌肌縃e climbed up the tree he saw the bear.A. while B. if C. until D. as soon asWhen are you going to tell Henry the good news? he comes back.A. Since B. As soon as C. Because D. Until 5. since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，譯為“自從”，主句常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，從句常用一般過去時(shí)。We have made many dumplings since we began to c

41、ook. 自從我們開始做飯起，我們已經(jīng)包了許多餃子了。We havent seen each other since we parted. 我們自從分手以后一直沒見過面?！咀呓锌肌縊ver 400 million people have visited Disneyland parks around the world American Disneyland opened in July 1955.A. after B. before C. since 6. till和until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，譯為“直到為止”，not till / until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，譯為“直到才”。前者強(qiáng)調(diào)

42、主句動(dòng)作的結(jié)束，用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，后者強(qiáng)調(diào)主句動(dòng)作的開始，用終止性動(dòng)詞。I will wait for my friend until / till he comes. 我要一直等到我朋友來。We wont start our discussion until / till he comes. 我們要等到他來了，再開始我們的討論?！咀呓锌肌縃urry up. The bus is coming.Wait a minute. Dont cross the street the traffic lights are green.A. after B. until C. while D. since

43、Kate knew nothing about it I told her.A. since B. because C. until D. after What a surprise it is that youve hiked on Mount Tai!I didnt believe I could do it I got to the top.A. unless B. after C. until D. as 在時(shí)間狀語從句中要特別注意時(shí)態(tài)的搭配：當(dāng)主句是一般將來時(shí)，從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。條件狀語從句引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的連詞有if（如果）和unless（除非）。If it is fine, w

44、ell go to the park. 如果天氣好，我們就去公園。unless在意義上等于ifnot，但比if語氣更強(qiáng)：You will fail unless you study hard. = You will fail if you do not study hard.除非你努力學(xué)習(xí)，否則你會(huì)失敗?！咀呓锌肌縎usan will not arrive at the airport on time she hurries up.A. once B. if C. when D. unless Your dream wont come true you know what your drea

45、m is.A. after B. unless C. while D. since 讓步狀語從句though/although意為“雖然”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。不能和but連用。Though I live near the sea, Im not a good swimmer.= I live near the sea, but Im not a good swimmer. 【走近中考】 he is only 8 years old, he knows more about science than his father.A. But B. Though C. So D. Because I c

46、ant still understand the passage there are few new words in it.A. so B. because C. if D. though the soldiers are very tired, they keep on working.They are great. We must learn from them.A. Because; / B. Though; / C. Because; so D. Though; but 結(jié)果狀語從句引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的連詞有：sothat, suchthat（如此以至于）so強(qiáng)調(diào)形容詞或副詞，that

47、后面接從句，常用于下面結(jié)構(gòu)中：so + +thatsuch強(qiáng)調(diào)名詞，常用于下面結(jié)構(gòu)中：such + +thatHe is so old that he cant work. = He is too old to work. The box is so heavy that I cant lift it. = The box is too heavy for me to lift. 【走近中考】He was tired he fell asleep as soon as he lay down.A. too; to B. so; that C. such; that D. enough; tha

48、t 原因狀語從句引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的連詞：because（因?yàn)椋㏒he didnt go there, because she was ill. 她沒有去那，因?yàn)樗×?。回答why問句時(shí)，只能用because。Why are you late? Because I met a traffic accident on my way home. 漢語中，我們經(jīng)常說“因?yàn)樗浴保谟⑽闹衎ecause和so只能用一個(gè)。Because he was tired, he couldnt walk there.He was tired, so he couldnt walk there. 【走近中考】I

49、cant join the art club, I have no time to take part in its activities.A. because B. so C. though 【模擬試題】（答題時(shí)間：70分鐘）代詞I. 用適當(dāng)?shù)拇~填空。1. 用適當(dāng)?shù)娜朔Q代詞填空。Lily: Jim, could help , please?Jim: Whats wrong with ?Lily: think my model ship is broken.Jim: Let see.Lily:Can mend ?Jim: Sorry. You can ask Tom for help. 2.

50、 用適當(dāng)?shù)奈镏鞔~填空。Linlin: Whose is this sweater? It looks like , Meimei.Meimei: No, it isnt . I think its Marys. Mary cant find sweater. 3. 用適當(dāng)?shù)牟欢ù~填空。Whos in the classroom? . All the students are on the playground. I dont know about the accident. I have to do with it. 4. 用適當(dāng)?shù)闹甘敬~、反身代詞或疑問代詞填空。Is Mrs Brown speaking?Yes. Whos ? is Mary. May I speak to John? teaches you French?We teach .II. 單項(xiàng)選擇1. Please come in and make at home, boys!A. you B. yourself C. yourselves D. yours2. Can you tell me the name of the factory you visi