初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法_賓語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)從句_講解+練習(xí)

1、中考英語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)掃描 一，引導(dǎo)詞A，由that 引導(dǎo)的陳述句性的賓語(yǔ)從句，在很多動(dòng)詞如say， think， wish ， hope， see， believe， agree， expect， hear ， feel等動(dòng)詞后。連詞that只起連接作用，在從句中不做句子的成分，也無(wú)詞匯意義，在口語(yǔ)中常被省略，但在大多數(shù)情況下還是以不省為好，特別是在筆語(yǔ)中。例：I told him that he was wrong.l在think，believe， suppose， expect等動(dòng)詞引起的賓語(yǔ)從句中，有時(shí)謂語(yǔ)盡管是否定意義，卻不用否定形式，而將think 等動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄐ问?。例：I don

2、t think you are right. (我認(rèn)為你做的不對(duì))l在許多帶有復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的句子中，that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句經(jīng)常移到句子的后面，而用it做形式賓語(yǔ)。例：We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone (我認(rèn)為他向每一個(gè)人撒謊是錯(cuò)誤的)B，由連詞if、 whether 引導(dǎo)的表示是否的賓語(yǔ)從句。Whether，if 在從句中不做句子的成分，一般情況下，whether和if 可以替換。例：I dont know if/whether he will come tomorrow.The teacher asked if/whether we

3、 had finished the experiment.l在介詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句中不用if引導(dǎo)例：Everything depends on whether we have enough money。l賓語(yǔ)從句中有or not時(shí)不用if引導(dǎo).例：I dont know whether the movie star will come or not.l和不定式連用作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)不用if引導(dǎo).例：Whether to go there or not hasnt been decided.C，由wh-引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。連接代詞who，whom，whose， what， which，和連接副詞when， wh

4、ere， why， how 等連接的賓語(yǔ)從句，它們?cè)诰渲屑从羞B接從句的作用，又在句中充當(dāng)句子的成分。例：Do you know which film they are talking about? (which做定語(yǔ))I dont know where he lives. (where 做地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ))二，賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序必須是陳述語(yǔ)序，既連接詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+其他成分例：I believe that they will come soon.He asked me whether I was a teacher.They wanted to know what they can do f

5、or us.三，賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)。賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)受主句的限制，即：主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，從句根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定。主句是一般過去時(shí)態(tài)，從句用相應(yīng)的過去的時(shí)態(tài)。如果從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句之前，則從句要用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)。例:1)She says that she is a student.She said that she was a student.2)She says that she will fly to Japan in a week.She said that she would fly to Japan in a week.3)She says that she has finished her

6、 homework already.She said that she had finished her homework already.4)She says that she can sing a song in English.She said that she could sing a song in English.如果賓語(yǔ)從句說的是客觀真理、自然現(xiàn)象或事實(shí)時(shí)，這時(shí)賓語(yǔ)從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。例：The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.He told me that Japan is an island country.Co

7、uld you tell me是用來(lái)征詢對(duì)方的意見，語(yǔ)氣委婉，并不表示過去。例：Could you tell me when we will visit the History Museum?注意事項(xiàng)：由陳述句變成賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，要注意人稱的變化。例：She said: I have been to England before.She said that she had been to England before.She asked me: Do you like maths?She asked me if I liked maths.賓語(yǔ)從句與簡(jiǎn)單句的交換。由連接代詞和連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句

8、，如果賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)是同一個(gè)人時(shí)，可以用疑問詞+不定式做賓語(yǔ)的簡(jiǎn)單句結(jié)構(gòu)。例：I dont know what I should do next.I cont know what to do next.He didnt know where he would live.He didnt know where 中考英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)掃描在主從復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)的句子是定語(yǔ)從句，它在句中修飾名詞或代詞。定語(yǔ)從句一般由關(guān)系代詞that, which, who(m), whose和關(guān)系副詞when, where, why等引導(dǎo)。被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的詞叫做先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句通常放在先行詞的后面作后置定

9、語(yǔ)。在中考試題中，主要考查引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。一、一般情況下，當(dāng)先行詞指人時(shí)，用that, who或whom引導(dǎo)。如：I know the young man that/who is reading under the tree. 我認(rèn)識(shí)在樹下讀書的那個(gè)年輕人。The girl whom you talked about a moment ago is my daughter. 你們剛才談?wù)摰呐⑹俏业呐畠??！緶剀疤崾尽慨?dāng)指人的先行詞后有介詞時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞不用that, 而要用whom。如：Jim is the person for whom you are looking. 吉姆

10、是你在尋找的人。二、當(dāng)先行詞指物時(shí)，用which或that引導(dǎo)。當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)常可省略。如：Give me the pen that/which is on the desk. 把桌子上的鋼筆給我?！緶剀疤崾尽恳? 當(dāng)先行詞指物時(shí)只能用that而不能用which的幾種常見情況：1. 先行詞為all, anything, everything, nothing, much, none, little等不定代詞時(shí)。如： There is nothing that can stop him from doing it. 沒有什么能阻止他做這件事。2. 先行詞前有l(wèi)ast, next, o

11、nly，very及序數(shù)詞、最高級(jí)等修飾時(shí)。如：This is the most interesting film that was shown last week. 這是上周所放映的影片中最有趣的一部。The only thing that they can do is to wait. 他們唯一能做的事就是等待。3. 先行詞前有序數(shù)詞或最高級(jí)等修飾時(shí)。如：This is the second computer that father has just bought. 這是爸爸剛剛買的第二臺(tái)電腦。This is the very pen (that) you bought yesterday.

12、 這正是你昨天買的筆。 4. 當(dāng)先行詞既有人，又有物時(shí)。如： Sally is talking about the writer and his book that interests her. 薩麗在談?wù)撨@位作家及能使她感興趣的這位作家的書。5. 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是who的疑問句。如：Who is the boy that is playing computer games? 在玩電腦游戲的男孩是誰(shuí)？二) 當(dāng)先行詞指物時(shí)，只能用which而不能用that的場(chǎng)合1. 關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)。如：This is the house in which Tom once lived. 這是湯姆曾經(jīng)住過的房子。2.

13、 在非限定性定語(yǔ)從句(即通常用逗號(hào)與主句隔開，如果去掉逗號(hào)，整個(gè)句子仍能表達(dá)完整的意義的定語(yǔ)從句)中。如：They are talking about the TV play, which they saw last night. 他們正在談?wù)撟蛲砜吹碾娨晞　?三、whose在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ)，修飾它后面的名詞。如：Do you know the girl whose name is Lily? 你認(rèn)識(shí)名叫莉莉的女孩嗎？四、當(dāng)引導(dǎo)詞在句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系副詞。表示時(shí)間用when，表示地點(diǎn)用where，表示原因用why。但這些關(guān)系副詞通?？赊D(zhuǎn)換成“介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞”形式。如：The h

14、otel where/at which the visitors are staying is very expensive. 這些參觀者呆的旅館很貴。2008年中考定語(yǔ)從句真題精選1. Do you know the scientist _ gave us a talk just now? (天津市)A. who B. whom C. which D. whose 2. This is the dictionary _ Mum gave me for my birthday. (河北省)A. which B. what C. whose D. whom 3. Shaolin Temple _

15、 lies in the west of Zhengzhou welcomes the visitors both at home and abroad. (河南省)A. where B. which C. who D. what 4. Do you know the girl _ is standing under the tree?She is my little sister. (福州市)A. who B. whom C. whose D. which 5. This is the question _ we are talking about now. (吉林省)A. that B.

16、who C. where D. when 6. What are you looking for?I am looking for the book _ I bought yesterday. (長(zhǎng)沙市)A. who B. which C. whose 7. Jack, there is someone in the office _ would like to speak with you. (廈門市)A. who B. which C. whom 8. If a bag is filled with books and pens, it must belong to someone _ w

17、orks hard. (臨沂市)A. which B. / C. whom D. who 9. Many young people prefer the songs _ have great lyrics. (泰安市)A. which B. who C. where D. whom 10. Even teachers cant understand some expressions _ their students use in daily life. (紹興市) A. whose B. who C. that D. whom 11. Beijing is the 29th city _ ho

18、lds the Olympic Games. (蕪湖市)A. where B. that C. which D. what 12. Have you read the book _ I gave you yesterday? (茂名市)A. that B. when C. where 13. The man _ came to our party with a present is my old friend. (茂名市)A. when B. which C. what 14. I like writers _ write short stories. (襄樊市)A. which B. wha

19、t C. whom D. who 15. There are many volunteers _ are helping the children in Sichuan.And most of them are college students. (咸寧市)A. which B. when C. whose D. who 16. We know Jackie Chan _ movies are very popular with the young. (恩施自治州)A. whose B. that C. who D. which 17. The boy _ I talked with just

20、 now is my best friend. (南充市)A. who B. which C. where 18. What kind of music do you like?I like music _ I can sing along with. (自貢市)A. who B. that C. what 19. He is the only student _ plays table tennis better than Jim. (南寧市)A. why B. where C. who D. which 20. The duty of Project Hope is to help poo

21、r children, isnt it?Yes, it has built many schools _ those children can study happily. (哈爾濱市)A. where B. when C. which 附：2008年中考定語(yǔ)從句真題精選答案15 AABAA 610 BADAC 1115 BACDD 1620 AABCA中考英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)掃描由從句擔(dān)任的狀語(yǔ)，在句子中可修飾謂語(yǔ)（或其它動(dòng)詞）、形容詞、副詞或是整個(gè)句子，它可以用來(lái)表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、方式、比較、讓步等。狀語(yǔ)從句是一較大的語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目，也是近幾年高考題中常見的一個(gè)重要試點(diǎn)。高考中

22、已考查了時(shí)間、讓步、地點(diǎn)、條件、目的等狀語(yǔ)從句，這些從句仍是今后高考熱點(diǎn)，應(yīng)作充分準(zhǔn)備。同時(shí)對(duì)方式狀語(yǔ)從句也應(yīng)引起重視。（一）時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句表示時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)從句可由when, as, while, whenever, after, before, till (until), since, once, as soon as (或the moment ), by the time, no sooner than, hardly (scarcely) when, every time等引導(dǎo)。e.g. When I came into the office, the teachers were havin

23、g a meeting.He started as soon as he received the news.Once you see him, you will never forget him.No sooner had I gone to bed than I went to sleep.（二）原因狀語(yǔ)從句原因狀語(yǔ)從句是表示原因或理由的，引導(dǎo)這類從句的最常用的連詞是because, since, as , now that（既然）等，for 表示因果關(guān)系時(shí)（它引導(dǎo)的不是從句）為并列連詞，語(yǔ)氣不如because強(qiáng)。e.g. He is disappointed because he did

24、n't get the position.   As it is raining, I will not go out.   Now that you mention it, I do remember.（三）地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞是where 和wherever等。e.g. Sit wherever you like.Make a mark where you have a question.（四）目的狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句最常用的詞（組）是so, so that（從句謂語(yǔ)常有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞）, in order that, in ca

25、se（以防，以免）等。e.g. Speak clearly, so that they may understand you.She has bought the book in order that she could follow the TV lessons.He left early in case he should miss the train.（五）結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句是表示事態(tài)結(jié)果的從句，通常主句是原因，從句是結(jié)果。由so that （從句謂語(yǔ)一般沒有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞）, so that, such that等引導(dǎo)。 e.g. She was ill, so that she di

26、dnt attend the meeting.   He was so excited that he could not say a word.    She is such a good teacher that everyone admires her.（六）條件狀語(yǔ)從句條件狀語(yǔ)從句分真實(shí)性（有可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的事情）與非真實(shí)性（條件與事實(shí)相反或者在說話者看來(lái)不大可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的事情）條件句。引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句的詞（組）主要有if, unless, so (as) long as, on condition that, so (as) far as, if onl

27、y ( = if )。注意：條件從句中的if 不能用whether替換。e.g. If he is not in the office, he must be out for lunch.   You may borrow the book so long as you keep it clean.   So far as I know（據(jù)我所知）, he will be away for three months.   You can go swimming on condition that ( = if ) you dont g

28、o too far away from the river bank.   If he had come a few minutes earlier, he could have seen her.（七）讓步狀語(yǔ)從句讓步狀語(yǔ)從句可由although, though, as, even if (though), however, whatever, whether or, no matter who (when, what, ) 等引導(dǎo)。注意：as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句一般是倒裝的。e.g. Though he is a child, he knows a lot. &

29、#160; Child as he is, he knows a lot.   Whatever ( = No matter what ) you say, Ill never change my mind.（八）方式狀語(yǔ)從句方式狀語(yǔ)從句常由as, as if (though), the way, rather than等引導(dǎo)。e.g. You must do the exercise as I show you.   He acted as if nothing had happened.（九）比較狀語(yǔ)從句比較狀語(yǔ)從句常用than, so (as) a

30、s, the more the more等引導(dǎo)。e.g. I have made a lot more mistakes than you have.   He smokes cigarettes as expensive as he can afford.   The busier he is, the happier he feels.（十）使用狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)要注意的幾個(gè)問題1、在時(shí)間和條件（有時(shí)也在方式、讓步等）從句中，主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí)，從句通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)。e.g. Well go outing if it doesnt rain tomor

31、row.   Ill write to you as soon as I get to Shanghai.2、有些時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、條件、方式或讓步從句，如果從句的主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)一致（或雖不一致，是it），從句的謂語(yǔ)又包含動(dòng)詞be ，就可省略從句中的“主語(yǔ) + be”部分。e.g. When (he was) still a boy of ten, he had to work day and night.   If (you are) asked you may come in.   If (it is) necessary Ill ex

32、plain to you again.3、注意區(qū)分不同從句：引導(dǎo)的是什么從句，不僅要根據(jù)連詞，還要根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句意來(lái)判別。以where為例，能引導(dǎo)多種從句。e.g. You are to find it where you left it.（地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句）   Tell me the address where he lives.（定語(yǔ)從句，句中有先行詞）   I dont know where he came from.（賓語(yǔ)從句）   Where he has gone is not known yet.（主語(yǔ)從句） 

33、  This place is where they once hid.（表語(yǔ)從句）練習(xí)、狀語(yǔ)從句一、用橫線劃出下列句子中的狀語(yǔ)從句，并指出是哪種狀語(yǔ)從句：1. Child as she is, she knows a lot of things. 2. The more I can do for the class, the happier Ill be.3. He talks as if (as though) he knew all about it.4. He is such a good teacher that the students love and respect

34、him.5.I shall go to the park unless it rains.6. No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.7. Where there is water, there is life.8. He studied hard so that he could catch up with his classmates.9. Since you are very busy, I won't trouble you.10. Even if (though) I fail. Ill never lose heart

35、.11. Once you begin the work, you must continue.12. I will find her wherever she may be. 13. Now that you've come, you'd better have dinner with us.14. He was so excited that he couldn't fall asleep.15. We must do everything as he tells us.16. India is much bigger than Japan.17. No matte

36、r when you come, you are warmly welcome.18. As (So) long as you work hard, you can catch up with the other classmates.二、用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞填空：1. Dr. Bethune (白求恩) came to China _ he was fifty.2. He began to work _ he got there.3. Let's begin our meeting _everyone is here.4. I like the English people, _ I don

37、't like their food.5. _ you go in China, you can see smiling faces.6. He didn't come to the lecture, _ he was very busy.7. _we had enough time, we walked to the cinema.8. They will help you _ you meet with difficulty.9. _ we came to the university, we have learnt quite a lot.10.I didn't

38、join them yesterday evening _ I had to go to an important meeting.11. We would try to get a car _we could all travel together more easily.12. She wouldn't forget her mother's birthday _ she seldom wrote to her family.13. We're doing everything we can to make things as easy for you _we ca

39、n.14. The meeting became so disorderly _ the speaker had to shout the audience down.15. He was angrier _ ever before.16. _ you lock all the doors, he can still manage to get in.17. The boy was so tired _ he fell asleep on the bus.18. Hard _ he tried, he couldnt force the door open.三、選擇填空：1. Ill let

40、you know _ he comes back.A. before    B. because   C. as soon as   D. although2. She will sing a song _ she is asked.A. if     B. unless    C. for    D. since3. We will work _ we are needed.A. whenever   B

41、. because   C. since    D. wherever4. Read it aloud _ the class can hear you.A. so that    B. if     C. when       D. although5._ you go, don't forget your people.A. Whenever     B. However&#

42、160;  C. Wherever   D. Whichever6. It is about ten years _ I met you last.A. since         B. for    C. when       D. as7. They will never succeed, _ hard they try.A. because    &#

43、160;  B. however   C. when    D. since8. _ still half drunk, he made his way home.A. When        B. Because   C. Though   D. As9. _ she was very tired, she went on working.A. As      &#

44、160;    B. Although   C. Even    D. In spite of10. Busy _ he was, he tried his best to help you.A. as           B. when    C. since    D. for11. I learned a little Russian _ I was

45、at middle school.A. though        B. although   C. as if    D. when12. _ we got to the station, the train had left already.A. If            B. Unless    C. Since 

46、60;  D. When13. _ the rain stops, we' 11 set off for the station.A. Before    B. Unless    C. As soon as   D. Though14. She was _ tired _ she could not move an inch.A. so, that       B. such, that   C. very, that

47、0;  D. so, as15. We didnt go home _ we finished the work.A. since         B. until    C. because   D. though16. I'll stay here _ everyone else comes back.A. even if        B. as though &

48、#160; C. because   D. until17. Although it's raining, _ are still working in the field.A. they          B. but they   C. and they   D. so they18. Speak to him slowly _ he may understand you better.A. since  

49、0;      B. so that    C. for    D. because19. You'll miss the train _ you hurry up.A. unless        B. as    C. if     D. until20. When you read the book, you' d bette

50、r make a mark _ you have any questions.A. at which    B. at where   C. the place   D. where21. We'd better hurry _ it is getting dark.A. and        B. but    C. as    D. unless22. I didn' t ma

51、nage to do it _ you had explained how.A. until    B. unless    C. when    D. before23._ he comes, we won't be able to go.A. Without   B. Unless    C. Except    D. Even24. I hurried _ I wouldn't be late for c

52、lass.A. since     B. so that    C. as if     D. unless25. _ I catch a cold, I have pain in my back.A. Every time   B. Though   C. Even    D. Where26. What's the matter _ they still haven't answered the telegram?A. whe

53、n       B. that    C. though    D. however27. Bring it nearer _ I may see it better.A. although   B. even though C. so that    D. since28. You may arrive in Beijing early _ you mind taking the night train.A. that

54、60;   B. though    C. unless    D. if29. Helen listened carefully _ she might discover exactly what she needed.A. in that    B. in order that C. in case    D. even though30. More people will eat out in restaurants _ they do today.

55、A. than    B. when    C. while    D. as31._ hard she tries, she can hardly avoid making mistakes in her homework.A. Much      B. However   C. As    D. Although32. Poor _ it may be, there is no place like h

56、ome, _ you may go.A. as; wherever B. though; whenever C. in spite of; when D. that; wherever33. The child was _ immediately after supper.A. enough tired to go to bed   B. too tired to go to bedC. so tired that he went to bed   D. very tired, he went to bed34. The history of nursi

57、ng _ the history of man.A. as old as   B. is old than   C. that is as old as    D. is as old as35. _ born in Chicago, the author was famous for his stories about New York.A. Since    B. Once    C. When     

58、0;    D. Although36._ we stood at the top of the building, the people below were hardly visible.A. As         B. Although   C. Unless     D. In spite of37. Scarcely was George Washington in his teens _ his father died.A.

59、 than    B. as    C. while     D. when38. _ David goes, he is welcome.A. Whichever   B. However   C. Wherever   D. Whatever39. The house stood _ there had been a rock.A. which    B. at which   C.

60、 when    D. where40. Small _ it is, the pen is a most useful tool.A. because   B. so    C. if     D. as41. After the new technique was introduced, the factory produced _ tractors in 1988 as the year before.A. as twice many B. as many twice

61、C. twice as many D. twice many as42. The piano in the other shop will be _, but _.A. cheaper; not as better    B. more cheap; not as betterC. cheaper; not as good    D. more cheap; not as good43. John plays football _, if not better than, David.A. as well   B.

62、 as well as   C. so well   D. so well as44. Although he is considered a great writer,A. his works are not widely read     B. but his works are not widely readC. however his works are not widely read   D. still his works are not widely read45. _ the d

63、ay went on, the weather got worse.A. With    B. Since      C. While    D. As46.What was the party like? Wonderful. It' s years _ I enjoyed myself so much.A. after    B. when    C. before    D. since47. It was not _ she took off her dark glasses _ I realized she was a famous film star.A. when; that    B. until; that   C. until; when   D. when; then48. If we work with a strong will, we ca