初中賓語從句的講解與運(yùn)用

1、The Object Clause (Revision)賓語從句（復(fù)習(xí)）賓語從句（復(fù)習(xí)）武都區(qū)漢王中學(xué) 李朝英 賓語從句是主從復(fù)合句的一種。主從復(fù)合句是由一個主句和一個或一個以上的從句構(gòu)成的。 主句是復(fù)合句的主體，從句僅僅是主句的一個成分，它從屬于主句，不能獨(dú)立。從句在全句中充當(dāng)什么成分，就叫什么從句。賓語從句當(dāng)中的從句在全句中作賓語。賓賓 語語 從從 句句概念概念：句子的賓語一般由名詞、代詞、句子的賓語一般由名詞、代詞、 動名詞或動詞不定式充當(dāng)，當(dāng)一動名詞或動詞不定式充當(dāng)，當(dāng)一 個句子充當(dāng)賓語時個句子充當(dāng)賓語時,我們把這個句我們把這個句 子叫做賓語從句。子叫做賓語從句。賓語從句的三要點(diǎn)：賓語

2、從句的三要點(diǎn)： 1、引導(dǎo)詞、引導(dǎo)詞 2、從句語序、從句語序 3、從句的時態(tài)、從句的時態(tài)由從屬連詞由從屬連詞thatthat引導(dǎo)的賓語從句引導(dǎo)的賓語從句 由連接代詞 Who,whom,whose,which， what 和連接副詞 where,how,why,when引導(dǎo)的賓語從句由從屬連詞由從屬連詞 whether, if 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句引導(dǎo)的賓語從句一、一、引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞：取決于從句的語氣：取決于從句的語氣1.從句是陳述語氣時，引導(dǎo)詞用that.2.從句是一般疑問語氣時，引導(dǎo)詞用if或 whether.3.從句是特殊疑問語氣時，引導(dǎo)詞用特殊 疑問詞。e.g: Im afraid that yo

3、u are right. I want to know if it will rain tomorrow. I didnt hear what he wanted me to do . Do you know whose bag I am carrying? He asked me if I taught English.注注：that 在句中無詞匯意義，在從句中不能充當(dāng)成分，在口語當(dāng)中往往省略e.g. 1. I hear (that) _. （一小時后他會回來）（一小時后他會回來）2. He said (that) _. （他非常想念我們）（他非常想念我們）3. The teacher to

4、ld us (that) _. （地球圍著太陽轉(zhuǎn)）（地球圍著太陽轉(zhuǎn)） he will be back in an hour he missed us very much the earth moves around the sun由連接代詞who, whom, whose, which, what及連接副詞 when, where, how, why引導(dǎo)的賓語從句1. He asked . (誰能誰能回答這個問題回答這個問題）2. Do you know_. （他們在等他們在等誰誰）3. He asked _. （誰的書法是班上最好的誰的書法是班上最好的）4. Please tell me _

5、. （我我們什么時候開會們什么時候開會）5. Can you tell me _. （他在哪兒他在哪兒）6. Could you tell me _. （我我該怎么去車站該怎么去車站）9. Would you tell me _（為什么為什么火車遲到了火車遲到了） who could answer the question whom they are waiting for whose handwriting was the best in the class when well have a meeting where he is how I can get to the station w

6、hy the train is late由從屬連詞由從屬連詞whether, if 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句引導(dǎo)的賓語從句e.g. 1. I want to know _. （他是否跟我們一起去公園）（他是否跟我們一起去公園）2. Ask him _. （他是否能來）（他是否能來）3. I dont know _.（是否（是否要下雨）要下雨） if (whether) he will go to the park with us whether (if) he can come whether it is going to rain or not1、當(dāng)句末為、當(dāng)句末為or not時，引導(dǎo)詞只能用時，引導(dǎo)

7、詞只能用whether而不能用而不能用if.2、在不定式前，、在不定式前，引導(dǎo)詞只能用引導(dǎo)詞只能用whether而不能用而不能用if.例如：例如：I havent made up my mind whether to go there or not.二、從句語序：一律用陳述語序二、從句語序：一律用陳述語序 主句主句+引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞+主語主語+謂語動詞謂語動詞+其他其他nHe asked me when I arrived in Shanghai .nI want to know where they will go.nCould you tell me what you are reading?

8、nI dont know where he lives . e.g : Could you tell me how e.g : Could you tell me how I can get toI can get to the Science Museumthe Science Museum ? ? He asked him where He asked him where he came fromhe came from . . Did you know Did you know whats the name of the whats the name of the handsome bo

9、y in the classroom yesterdayhandsome boy in the classroom yesterday？ Please tell me where Please tell me where I can buy the I can buy the beautiful flower .beautiful flower .請注意觀察紅色字體的語序三、主三、主. .從句的時態(tài)呼應(yīng)從句的時態(tài)呼應(yīng)n1.主句是一般現(xiàn)在時，從句可以用任何時態(tài)。主句是一般現(xiàn)在時，從句可以用任何時態(tài)。n2.主句是一般過去時主句是一般過去時,從句用過去范疇的時態(tài)。從句用過去范疇的時態(tài)。n3.主句是一

10、般過去時，但從句表達(dá)的是客觀真主句是一般過去時，但從句表達(dá)的是客觀真 理或自然現(xiàn)象時，仍然用一般現(xiàn)在時。理或自然現(xiàn)象時，仍然用一般現(xiàn)在時。ne.g: He says that he is reading a book now.n He said that he would work hard.n They said they had been to France.n The students asked me if the earth goes round the sun. 具體的具體的時態(tài)的變化時態(tài)的變化 1. 1.當(dāng)主句是一般現(xiàn)在時，賓語從句的時態(tài)不作限制，我們當(dāng)主句是一般現(xiàn)在時，賓語從句

11、的時態(tài)不作限制，我們可以根據(jù)句子的意思來使用需要的任何一種時態(tài)?？梢愿鶕?jù)句子的意思來使用需要的任何一種時態(tài)。 e.ge.g I hear ( that ) Tom has been to Guilin twice . I hear ( that ) Tom has been to Guilin twice . I hear ( that ) she will come tomorrow . I hear ( that ) she will come tomorrow . I hear ( that ) Jim went to work an hour ago . I hear ( that )

12、 Jim went to work an hour ago . I hear ( that ) he is interested in English . I hear ( that ) he is interested in English . 2.2.當(dāng)主句是一般過去時的時候，賓語從句必須運(yùn)用相應(yīng)的過去當(dāng)主句是一般過去時的時候，賓語從句必須運(yùn)用相應(yīng)的過去的某一種時態(tài)，從而達(dá)到主句和從句的相互一致。的某一種時態(tài)，從而達(dá)到主句和從句的相互一致。 e.ge.g He said ( that ) he would go to Xian . He said ( that ) he would go

13、to Xian . He said ( that ) he was ill yesterday . He said ( that ) he was ill yesterday . He said ( that ) he was reading a book . He said ( that ) he was reading a book . He said ( that ) he had had supper already . He said ( that ) he had had supper already . 3.3.當(dāng)賓語從句說明的是客觀存在的事實或者是客觀存在的真理當(dāng)賓語從句說明的

14、是客觀存在的事實或者是客觀存在的真理時，就不用受到主句時態(tài)的限制，仍是用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。時，就不用受到主句時態(tài)的限制，仍是用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。 e.ge.g He said that the sun is much bigger than the moon . He said that the sun is much bigger than the moon . The teacher told the students that light travels faster The teacher told the students that light travels faster than sou

15、nd. than sound. The PE teacher said that doing morning exercise is The PE teacher said that doing morning exercise is useful to our health .useful to our health . 標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號 ： 賓語從句末尾的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號由主句決定，不受從句的限制。如果主句是陳述句或者是祈使句時用句號；而主句是疑問句時，句末則用問號。 e.g He asked me if / whether I could help him . Do you know where Li

16、Ping is ? Please tell me which colour you like best . Would you please tell the teacher how old you are ? 四、賓語從句的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號四、賓語從句的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號 五、賓語從句的否定形式五、賓語從句的否定形式 ： 一般而言，賓語從句的否定式與一般句子的否定式是一樣的。一般而言，賓語從句的否定式與一般句子的否定式是一樣的。但若主句謂語動詞是但若主句謂語動詞是 think 、 expect 、 believe 、 guess 、 imagine 、 suppose 等表示等表示“認(rèn)為，猜想認(rèn)為，猜想”的詞

17、時，一般要把賓語從句中的的詞時，一般要把賓語從句中的否定式轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中。否定式轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中。 e.g I dont think its going to rain . I dont believe she will lend you the money . 但是，如果主句中的謂語動詞是但是，如果主句中的謂語動詞是 hope ，則不適用于此規(guī)則。，則不適用于此規(guī)則。 e.g I hope he wont come .n六、賓語從句與直接引語變六、賓語從句與直接引語變間接引語的關(guān)系。間接引語的關(guān)系。n 直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語之后通常都構(gòu)成一直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語之后通常都構(gòu)成一個賓語從句。因此我們要掌

18、握好賓語從句個賓語從句。因此我們要掌握好賓語從句的用法必須也要熟悉直接引語變間接引語的用法必須也要熟悉直接引語變間接引語的規(guī)則。的規(guī)則。 Direct Speech and Indirect Speech引語的概念引語的概念直接引述別人的原話，叫直接引述別人的原話，叫 _;_;直接引語直接引語 用自己的話把別人的話陳述出來，叫用自己的話把別人的話陳述出來，叫 _。間接引語間接引語直接引語通常都用直接引語通常都用_括起來，括起來， 引號引號“ ” “ ” 間接引語在多數(shù)情況下都構(gòu)成一個間接引語在多數(shù)情況下都構(gòu)成一個 _。賓語從句賓語從句Direct SpeechIndirect SpeechSh

19、e said, “I like singing. ”She said, “I am waiting for a bus.”She said, “I visited Europe last year.”She said, “I have never met an American.”She said, “I will see you next week.” She said that she liked singing.She said that she was waiting for a bus. She said she had visited Europe the year before.

20、She said she had never met an American. She said that she would see me the next week. SUMMARY 直接引語是陳述句直接引語是陳述句, ,變?yōu)殚g接引語時變?yōu)殚g接引語時用連詞用連詞that（可省略）（可省略）引導(dǎo)賓語從引導(dǎo)賓語從句句. .從句中的從句中的人稱、時態(tài)、指示代詞、人稱、時態(tài)、指示代詞、時間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語時間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語等相應(yīng)變化等相應(yīng)變化. .、人稱的變化、人稱的變化口訣說明直接引語間接引語一一隨隨主主二隨賓二隨賓第三第三人稱人稱不變不變引號內(nèi)的第一人引號內(nèi)的第一人稱變間引后與主稱變間引后與主句

21、主語的人稱保句主語的人稱保持一致持一致引號內(nèi)的第二人引號內(nèi)的第二人稱變間引后與主稱變間引后與主句賓語的人稱保句賓語的人稱保持一致持一致引號內(nèi)的第三人引號內(nèi)的第三人稱在變間引后人稱在變間引后人稱不變稱不變She said,“ I like Tennis.”She said that she liked tennis.He said to Lily,“ you must get up early.”He told Lily that she must get up early.She said to me ,“ They want tohelp him.”She told me that they

22、 wanted tohelp him.一隨主，二隨賓，第三人稱不更新一隨主，二隨賓，第三人稱不更新直接引語直接引語 間接引語間接引語一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時 一般過去時一般過去時 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時 過去進(jìn)行時過去進(jìn)行時一般過去時一般過去時 過去完成時過去完成時現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時 過去完成時過去完成時一般將來時一般將來時 過去將來時過去將來時The teacher said,“The sun is bigger than the earth.”The teacher said that the sun is bigger than the earth.注注: : 直引若是客觀真理直引若是客觀真

23、理, ,變?yōu)殚g引時變?yōu)殚g引時, ,時態(tài)不變時態(tài)不變. .時態(tài)變化2 2 直接引語直接引語 間接引語間接引語指示指示代詞代詞 時時 間間 狀狀 語語 地點(diǎn)狀語地點(diǎn)狀語 方向性動詞方向性動詞 this, that, these those now, then, today that day this week that week yesterday the day before last week the week before four days ago four days before the day before yesterday two days before tomorrow the

24、next/following daynext month the next/following month here there come, go,bring take 情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞 can, may, must could,might,had to Direct SpeechIndirect SpeechShe asked me whetherif I had seen the film.He asked, “Are you a doctor, John?”He asked John ifwhether he was a doctor. She asked us where we wer

25、e going to get off.He asked them, “Who gave you a talk yesterday?”He asked them who had given them a talk the day before.SUMMARY 直接引語是疑問句，變間接引語時，直接引語是疑問句，變間接引語時，要把疑問語序變?yōu)橐岩蓡栒Z序變?yōu)殛愂稣Z序陳述語序。 直接引語是一般疑問句直接引語是一般疑問句, ,變?yōu)殚g接引變?yōu)殚g接引語時語時, ,用連詞用連詞 if 或或 whether 連接。連接。 直接引語是直接引語是特殊疑問句特殊疑問句, ,變?yōu)殚g接引變?yōu)殚g接引語時語時, ,仍用仍用原

26、來原來的疑問詞的疑問詞作連詞來引導(dǎo)。作連詞來引導(dǎo)。Direct SpeechIndirect Speech“Never do that again,” the teacher saidThe policeman ordered us to be quiet.The policeman ordered:“Be quiet.”The teacher told the boy to open the window .The teacher said to the boy ,”O(jiān)pen the window .”The teacher told me not /never to do that aga

27、in“Wait a moment” she said to them.She asked them to wait a moment . 直接引語是祈使句，變成間接引語，直接引語是祈使句，變成間接引語，把動詞原形變成把動詞原形變成動詞不定式動詞不定式，并在動詞不，并在動詞不定前加定前加tell, ask, order , advise等動等動詞的賓語。詞的賓語。注意：注意：否定句，在動詞不定式前加否定句，在動詞不定式前加not或或never. .SUMMARY解題步驟解題步驟: :1.1.陳述句陳述句“I dont like computers,” Sandy said to her frie

28、nds.Sandy said to her friends that I dont like computers.said/tolddidntsheSandy said to/told her friends that she didnt like computers.2.2.一般疑問句一般疑問句: :Is it easy to work out the problem?( They asked him )They asked himifIt is easy to work out the problem.it is easy to work out the problem.askediswa

29、sThey asked him if it was easy to work out the problem.3.3.特殊疑問句：特殊疑問句：When do you harvest the wheat ?( They asked him )They asked himwhenyou harvest the wheatyou harvest the wheat.harvestedThey asked him when he harvested the wheat.4.4.祈使句祈使句Little boy, put on your coat.(They ordered )They ordered

30、Little boy Little boy, put on your coat. put on your coat.They ordered the little boy to put on his coat.1. The radio says it _ cloudy tomorrow. (be)2. The headmaster hopes everything _ well. (go)3. Tom says that they _ (play) basketball at six oclock yesterday evening. 4. I hear they _ (return) it

31、already. 5. He said that they _ members of the Party since 1948. (be) will be goes were playing has returned had been 1. He asked what they _ at eight last night. (do)2. The teacher told his class that light _ faster than sound. (travel)3. I think you _ about the relay race now. (talk)4. I didnt know whom the letters _ from. (be)travels are talking were were doing10. I didnt know what time he _ the letter. (write)11. Miss Wang told me that the earth _(move) round the earth. 12. Could you tell me who _ away the book already? (take)13. Ling Feng told me