英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析講解

1、定義 ：構(gòu)成句子的各個部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分：主語和謂語次要成分：表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補足語、同位語I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday .主語 謂語 定語 賓語 同位語 狀語主語（subject）句子說明的人或事物 Jane is good at playing the piano.（名詞）She went out in a hurry.（代詞）Four plus four is eight.（數(shù)詞）To see is to believe.（不定式）Smoking is bad for he

2、alth.（動名詞）The young should respect the old.（名詞化的形容詞）What he has said is true. （句子）找出下列句中的主語：1、The sun rises in the east.           2、Twenty years is a short time in history.        3、The poor are now living in the shelte

3、r. 4、Seeing is believing.      5、To see is to believe.          6、He likes dancing.    1 / 137、What he needs is a book.8、It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. 謂語說明主語的動作、狀態(tài)和特征簡單謂語:由動詞或動詞詞組

4、組成I saw the flag on the top of the hill?He looked after two orphans.復合謂語：由情態(tài)動詞或助動詞+動詞;He can speak English well.She doesnt seem to like dancing.找出下列句中的謂語（注：只有動詞才可作謂語。）：1. We love China.2. We have finished reading this book.3. He can speak English.4. She seems tired. (三)賓語動作的對象或承受者及物動詞或介詞的賓語Show your

5、 passport, please. （名詞）She didn't say anything. （代詞）How many do you want? - I want two. （數(shù)詞）They sent the injured to hospital. （名詞化的形容詞）They asked to see my passport. （不定式）I enjoy working with you. （動名詞）Did you write down what he said? （句子）賓語分為直接賓語和間接賓語.直接賓語指物或事,間接賓語指人或動物.He gave me some books.

6、間接 直接 賓語 賓語指出下面句子的間接賓語和直接賓語：please pass me the book.He bought his girlfriend some flowers.找出下列句子的賓語部分：1. We often help him.2. He likes to play basketball.3. We enjoy listening to the music.4. She said that he felt sick.5. They are talking about the new student.（四）連系動詞,其后面的成分叫作表語。The war was over.The

7、y seem to know the truth.Time is precious.Im not quite myself today.That remains a puzzle.I dont feel at ease. 找出下列句中的表語。1. I am a teacher.2. They are on the playground.3. My job is teaching English.4. It gets cold.5. It sounds interesting.常見的系動詞有be 動詞,還有get ,become, turn, grow 等表 “變得”的詞, 和感觀動詞sound

8、, look, smel,taste,feel等。(5） 定語修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞、詞組或從句He is a clever boy.（形容詞）His father works in a steel work.（名詞）There are 54 students in our class.（數(shù)詞）Do you known bettys sister?（名詞所有格）He bought some sleeping pills.（動名詞）There is a sleeping baby in bed.（現(xiàn)在分詞）His spoken language is good.（過去分詞）定語后置：如果定語是

9、由一個單詞表示時，通常要前置。而由一個詞組或一個句子表示時，通常則后置The girl in red is his sister.We have a lot of work to do.The girl standing under the tree is his daughter.Do you know the man who spoke just now?找出下列句子的定語。1. The black bike is mine.2. She is a chemistry teacher.3. The man in blue is my brother.4. The girl playing

10、the piano is my younger sister.5. The lady who is wearing red dress is our new teacher.（六）狀語狀語的功用：狀語說明地點、時間、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、方向、程度、方式和伴隨狀況等。I will be back in a while.They are playing on the playground.He was late because he got up late.He got up so late that I missed the train.I waited to see you.He ofte

11、n went to school by bus.His parents died, leaving him an orphan.Please call me if it is necessary.This book is very interesting.He went to school in spite of his illness.找出下列句中的狀語1. We often help him.2. I really dont like the food.3. He did his homework carefully at home.4.Her mother goes out to do

12、some shopping on Sunday.5. When I grow up, I am going to be a doctor.（七）賓語補足語有些及物動詞除了有一個直接賓語以外，還要有一個賓語補足語，說明賓語的身份和狀態(tài)以補充其意義不足，使句子的意義完整。這類常用的及物動詞有 ：make, consider, cause, see, find, call, get, have, let. I found the book interesting.Do you smell something burning?He made himself known to them.She aske

13、d me to lend her a hand.賓語補足語：和賓語構(gòu)成復合賓語。賓語和賓補之間存在內(nèi)在邏輯上的主謂關系。找出下列句子的賓語補足語：1. They elected John monitor.2. We call him Iron Ox.3. The doctor told me to do more exercise.4. They made her happy.5. He is going to have his hair cut.6. They saw a bird flying in the sky.（八）同位語 位于名詞或代詞后面，說明它們的性質(zhì)和情況 We young

14、people should respect the old.（名詞）He himself will do the experiment.（代詞）He is the oldest among them four.（數(shù)詞）He told me the news that our team won the game.（從句） 句子成分詳解表句子成分意義充當成分例句主語表示句子說的是什么人或什么事名，代，數(shù)，不定式，動名詞，短語或句子We study in HuangQiao Middle School.謂語說明主語做什么，是什么或怎么樣動詞或動詞詞組She is dancing under the

15、tree.賓語表示動作行為的對象同主語Both of us like English.表語與聯(lián)系動詞連用，一起構(gòu)成謂同主語Her father is a chemist.語，說明主語的性質(zhì)或特征His words sound reasonable.定語用來修飾名詞或代詞形，代，數(shù)，名, 副，介詞短語或句子We have eight lessons every day.狀語修飾動詞，形容詞，副詞，表示動作發(fā)生的時間，地點，原因，目的，方式，結(jié)果等副詞，介詞短語或句子He works very hard.They held a party in Hollywood.賓語補足語邏輯上與賓語是主謂關系

16、形容詞，名詞，介詞短語等She always keeps the house clean.隨堂練習：分析下列句子結(jié)構(gòu)：1）You are a student.2）He felt happy today.3）What you said made me happy.4）Could you give me some advice on how to learn English well?5）After he finished his homework, he went away.6）He likes pop music.7）The sound sounds strange.8）The food ta

17、stes good.9）He gave me a book yesterday.    10）We all think it a pity that she didnt come here. Private ConversationLast week I went to the theatre. I had a very good seat. The play was very interesting. I did not enjoy it. A young man and a young woman were sitting behind me. They were talking loudly. I got very angry. I could not hear the actors. I turned round. I looked at the man and the woman angrily. They did not pay any attention. In the end,