外研版高中英語必修四Module3 知識(shí)點(diǎn)

1、知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)要點(diǎn)一 單詞1. communicate vt. 交流；交際；傳達(dá)；溝通；表達(dá)（1）communicate with交換（消息）；與（某人）聯(lián)絡(luò)；通信；通訊；交際；（指房間、花園、道路等）互通，連通communicate sth.to sb.傳達(dá)（新聞、消息、感情）；傳播（熱力）；傳染（疾病）等給某人（2）communication n.傳達(dá)；交流；信息；通訊be in communication with.與進(jìn)行交流（3）communicative adj. 暢談的知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)例句：He communicated the news to me by telephone.I

2、t is necessary that young and old people should communicate more with each other.Communication with other countries was difficult during the telephone and postal strike.郵電工人罷工期間與其他國家的通訊很困難。知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練】單句改錯(cuò)Television communicated the news with all parts of the country.withto知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)2. vary vi. 變化(1

3、)vary from.to.從到變化不等vary from不同于vary with隨從而變化vary in在方面不同，有差異(2)variety n.品種；多樣化a （great/wide） variety of=varieties of 各種各樣的；品種繁多的(3)various/varied adj.不同的；許多的various:側(cè)重多樣性；通常指同一范圍內(nèi)的不同種類varied: “變化很多的”，指不同種類、不同范圍知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)例句：Costs of tickets vary from one airline to another.The colour of the leaves v

4、aries with weather.Everyone arrived late at the party for a variety of reasons.知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練】Different people have the most _ ideas about what is important in life. Some value fame，others money or freedom.A.various B.variable C.varied D.different【解析】句意為：不同的人對(duì)生活中什么是最重要的事物的看法截然不同，有人珍視名聲，有人珍視金錢或者自由。B項(xiàng)“

5、可變的”，有捉摸不定之意；D項(xiàng)“不同的”,常與from連用。【答案】C知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)3. involve vt. 包括，牽涉，使參與歸納拓展（1）involve sb.in (doing) sth.把某人牽扯到某事里面；使某人參與做某事involve with.和混在一起，和有密切聯(lián)系（2）involved adj.復(fù)雜的；有牽連的，有關(guān)的be/get involved in使卷入之中；使專注于be involved with sb.與某人混在一起，和有密切聯(lián)系知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)例句：She was involved in reviewing the lessons all night.Pre

6、sident Nixon(尼克松) had to resign because he was involved in the Watergate scandal.(“水門事件”的丑聞)The man is being questioned by police; it is said that he is involved with the murder.(謀殺案)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練】The number of the persons who were _ the traffic accident is about 20.A.advertised in B.entertained byC

7、.involved inD.repaid in【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意為：涉及這次交通事故的人大約有20個(gè)。be involved in“涉及到，包括”?！敬鸢浮緾知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)4. panic n. 恐慌，驚慌v.陷入恐慌；引起恐慌（panicking-panicked-panicked）歸納拓展（1）get into a panic 陷入恐慌狀態(tài)be in（a）panic在驚慌中be seized with a panic驚慌失措cause a panic引起恐慌（2）panic at.因（聽到/看到）而驚慌panic o doing sth.使某人倉促行動(dòng)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)

8、要點(diǎn)例句：She got into a real panic when she thought shed lost the tickets.Shoppers fled the street in (a) panic after two bombs exploded.兩枚炸彈爆炸之后，購物者驚慌失措地逃離了那條街。The crowd panicked at the sound of the gunfire.The protests became more violent and many foreigners were panicked into leaving the country.抗議變得

9、更加激烈，許多外國人慌忙離開了那個(gè)國家。知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練】The building is on fire！She looked around wildly，but not a soul was in sight,Razzena _.A.panickedB.lookedC.delightedD.watched【解析】句意為：大樓著火了！她四下張望，但是連個(gè)人影都不見，Razzena驚慌起來。panic用作動(dòng)詞，意為“驚慌”，其過去式和過去分詞都是panicked?！敬鸢浮緼知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)5. spread（spread，spread）v. 展開；鋪開；傳播；散開；伸展；延伸 n. 傳

10、播；擴(kuò)展歸納拓展spread sth.on/over sth.把某物鋪在上spread sth.with sth.把某物涂在上spread out展開；張開；擴(kuò)大（張）；伸長spread oneself舒展身體知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)例句：She spread the pages of the letter on the table.She spread the bread with butter.The fire spread from the factory to the houses nearby. The rapid spread of the disease is upsetting the

11、 authorities.(當(dāng)局)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練】Bird flu has _ all over the world, which might panic the investors.(投資者)A.spread B.spreaded C.spreat D.spreading【解析】句意為：禽流感已蔓延到全世界，這可能會(huì)使投資者惶恐不安。spread的過去式及過去分詞同原形，故選A?！敬鸢浮緼知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)6. stare vi. 凝視；注視；盯著看同類辨析stare at由于好奇、敵視、傲慢而睜大眼睛凝視glare at 怒視，瞪眼glance at 匆匆一瞥gaze at由于興

12、趣、喜歡或驚奇而目不轉(zhuǎn)睛地凝視look at看，看著知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)例句：He stood there staring into the distance.He glanced at his watch.They stood glaring at each other.知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練】The old gentleman just stood there _ at the pickpocket and did not say a word.A.glancing B.glimpsing C.staring D.glaring【解析】句意為：這位老先生只是站在那里對(duì)那個(gè)扒手怒目而視，一句

13、話也沒有說。A項(xiàng)“瞥見”；B項(xiàng) “瞥見”，強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果；C項(xiàng)“凝視，注視”，指由于驚訝、好奇、懼怕等原因而睜大眼睛目不轉(zhuǎn)睛地看。glare at怒視，瞪著眼睛看，符合題意?！敬鸢浮緿知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)7. request vt. 請(qǐng)求，要求n. 請(qǐng)求，要求，邀請(qǐng)(1)request sb.to do sth.請(qǐng)求某人干某事 request sth.from/of sb. 要求、請(qǐng)求某人做某事；向某人要求某物 request that-clause請(qǐng)求(從句謂語動(dòng)詞用should +動(dòng)詞原形，should可以省略)(2)make a request for.要求 at one s request/at

14、 the request of sb. 應(yīng)某人之請(qǐng)求/要求 be in great request有需求；極需要 upon/on request一經(jīng)要求；應(yīng)的要求知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)例句：They have made an urgent request for international aid.The visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.We requested that they immediately make an investigation of the matter.知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練】It is politely

15、requested by the hotel management that radios _ after 11 oclock at night.A.were not played B.not to playC.not be played D.did not play【解析】It is requested.后的主語從句要用虛擬語氣，從句謂語動(dòng)詞用（should）+動(dòng)詞原形形式，故排除A、D兩項(xiàng)；根據(jù)句意可知radios與play之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式，排除B項(xiàng)，選C?！敬鸢浮緾知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)要點(diǎn)二 短語1. hold up舉起；提出（作為榜樣）；延誤，阻滯歸納拓展hold back

16、阻擋，忍住，抑制hold on堅(jiān)持??；（電話用語）請(qǐng)稍等，不要掛斷hold out維持；抵抗hold ones breath屏住氣知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)例句：The steel strike in U.S. may hold up production of all new cars for several months.They hold up his behaviour as a model.The father held up the boy over his head.I think the engine will hold out till we get home. Then I can

17、have it repair to.知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練】There was a big hole in the road which _ the traffic.A.took upB.brought backC.kept backD.held up【解析】句意為：公路上有個(gè)大坑阻礙了交通。hold up“延誤，阻滯”，符合題意。take up“占據(jù)，從事”；bring back“帶回”；keep back“扣留，隱瞞”?！敬鸢浮緿知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)2. ask sb. a favour請(qǐng)某人幫忙歸納拓展(1)ask a favour of sb./ask sb. a favour請(qǐng)某人幫

18、忙do sb. a favour/do a favour for sb.幫某人一個(gè)忙in favour of贊成，支持，有利于in ones favour受（某人）喜愛的，對(duì)（某人）有利的in favour得寵的；流行的out of favour失寵的；不流行的(2)favour sb. with sth.對(duì)（某人）施予（的恩惠）favour sth.有助于知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)例句：Can I ask you a favour?Do me a favour and turn the radio down while Im on the phone, will you?勞駕，我在打電話，把收音機(jī)的聲

19、音關(guān)小點(diǎn)兒好嗎？Was he in favour of the death penalty?(死刑) Would you please favour us with your presence?你能否大駕光臨？知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練】The warm climate _ many types of tropical plants.A.makesB.favoursC.contributesD.benefits from【解析】句意為：溫暖的氣候?qū)Χ喾N熱帶植物生長有利。favour“有利于，有助于”，符合題意。若選D項(xiàng)，應(yīng)把from去掉直接用benefit?！敬鸢浮緽知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)要點(diǎn)三 句

20、型Perhaps more than I think.也許比我想的要多。more than比多；多于歸納拓展（1）more than+名詞（動(dòng)名詞），意思是“不僅僅是，不只是”。more than+數(shù)詞，意思是“超過，以上”。more than+形容詞，意思是“非常，很”。（2）no more than僅僅，不過not more than至多，不超過more than a little非常more than one.不止一個(gè)more or less差不多；或多或少（3）more.than這種結(jié)構(gòu)是對(duì)于不同的人或物的同一性質(zhì)或方面的比較,意為“比更（形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)）；與其說倒不如說”。知識(shí)

21、要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)例句：He is no more a genius than I am.Mr Smith is more a writer than painter.知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)同類辨析no more than與not more than(1)no more than=only,含有消極否定的意思，意為“不過，只有，僅僅”。not more than=at most,意為“不超過，至多”。例句：He has learned no more than 100 words.他才學(xué)會(huì)了100個(gè)單詞。He has learned not more than 100 words.他學(xué)會(huì)的單詞不超過100

22、個(gè)。（2）no more.than (not.any more than)跟從句，表示兩者皆否定的觀念，意思是“不正如不一樣”。知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)例句：A nation cannot exist without people any more than a tree can grow without roots.(3)not more.than跟從句，表示兩者皆肯定的觀念，只是有差別而已，意思是“不及那樣”。例句：He is not more diligent than you are.知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練】Do you need any help,Lucy?Yes.The job is

23、_ I could do myself.A.less thanB.more thanC.no more thanD.not more than【解析】句意為：你需要幫忙嗎，露茜？需要，這項(xiàng)工作我自己做不來。A項(xiàng)意為“少于”；B項(xiàng)意為“多于，超過”；C項(xiàng)意為“不過；僅僅”；D項(xiàng)意為“不多于”，根據(jù)題意，選B。準(zhǔn)確把握句意，并牢記短語之間的用法及區(qū)別，是解決此類題目的關(guān)鍵所在。【答案】B知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)Those who have _ money than sense may sometimes act foolishly.A.muchB.moreC.mostD.many【解析】more mone

24、y than sense在口語中是“亂花錢”的意思。即使不知道這是一個(gè)習(xí)語，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞than也能確定出此處應(yīng)用比較級(jí)形式?！敬鸢浮緽知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)要點(diǎn)四 語法1.條件狀語從句條件狀語從句是表示主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生的前提或條件的從句。引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的詞或詞組有if，unless，so (as) long as（只要），in case （萬一），on condition that （條件是），suppose/supposing （假設(shè)，用于問句），provided/providing（that）（假如，如果）等。例句：As long as you dont lose heart,you will s

25、ucceed.只要你不灰心，你就會(huì)成功。In case I forget,please remind me of my promise.如果我忘了，請(qǐng)?zhí)嵝盐宜鞯某兄Z。Suppose/Supposing (that) they refuse us,who else can we turn to for help?假如他們拒絕了我們，我們?cè)撓蛘l求助呢？知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)注意：（1）unless在意義上相當(dāng)于if.not，而且語氣較強(qiáng)，也一般不用于虛擬語氣。例句：Unless the weather was bad, my father always used to take a walk in t

26、he evening.過去的時(shí)候，除非天氣不好，我的父親晚上總是去散步。（2）如果從句由if或unless引導(dǎo)，又有連系動(dòng)詞be，條件狀語從句可用省略形式。例句：Come tomorrow if possible.可能的話就明天來吧。If so, you must go back and get it.如果這樣的話，你必須回去把它拿來。還有如if in need（如果需要），if necessary（如果必要）等用法。知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)（3）if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句如果與事實(shí)不符，應(yīng)用虛擬語氣。例句：If it rained tomorrow，we should stay at home.如果明

27、天下雨，我們就待在家里。知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練】I was advised to arrange for insurance _ I needed medical treatment.A.neverthelessB.althoughC.in caseD.so that【解析】in case “以防，萬一”，引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，符合題干意思。句意為：有人建議我入保險(xiǎn)，以備醫(yī)療需求?！敬鸢浮緾知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)_ he works hard，I dont mind when he finishes the experiment.A.As soon asB.As well asC.So far as

28、D.So long as【解析】考查so/as long as引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。句意為：只要他肯下工夫，我不在乎他什么時(shí)候能完成這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)。as soon as “一就”；as well as也，又；so far as “就而言”。【答案】D知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)A small car is big enough for a family of three _ you need more space for luggageA.onceB.becauseC.in caseD.unless【解析】考查連詞的用法辨析。once“一旦”，引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句；because“因?yàn)椤?，引?dǎo)原因狀語從句；in cas

29、e“以防萬一”，引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句；unless“除非”，引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。句意為：一輛小汽車對(duì)于一個(gè)三口之家足夠了，除非需要更多的空間放行李。根據(jù)題意，可知答案為D?！敬鸢浮緿知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)_ he had not hurt his leg, John would have won the race.A.IfB.SinceC.ThoughD.When【解析】if引導(dǎo)虛擬條件句，意為“如果”。根據(jù)其時(shí)態(tài)可判斷出表示過去非真實(shí)情況。這句話的意思是“如果約翰的腿沒有受傷，他會(huì)贏得這次賽跑”。since引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句或原因狀語從句，表示“自從”或“因?yàn)椤?；though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，意為“雖然”

30、；when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，意為“當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候”?！敬鸢浮緼知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)2. 讓步狀語從句(1)讓步狀語從句表示在某種相反的條件下，主句中的情況依然會(huì)出現(xiàn)。讓步狀語從句由連詞though，although，as（雖然，盡管），even if/though，whoever，whatever，whichever，whenever，wherever，however，no matter who（what，which，when，where，how），whether.or (not),while（盡管）等引導(dǎo)。知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)(2)though，although這兩個(gè)連詞用法基本一樣，只是前者口語化，后者

31、較正式，常位于句首，都不與but 連用，但可以和yet，still連用。例句：Though they lack official support,they continue their struggle.他們雖然沒有得到官方的支持，但仍繼續(xù)奮斗。Although they have been talking for a long time,he cannot make her believe him.雖然他們談了半天，他還是不能使她信任他。知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)(3)whatever (whoever,whichever,whenever.)/no matter what (who,which,wh

32、en.)引出的讓步狀語從句意義上無明顯差別，常譯成漢語“無論”。例句：Whoever (No matter who) wants to speak to me on the phone,tell him Im busy.不管誰要我接電話，就說我現(xiàn)在正忙著呢。Wherever (No matter where) you go,Im right here waiting for you.無論你到哪里，我都依然在這里等著你。知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)(4)as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，從句部分用倒裝語序，句型為：形容詞/副詞/名詞（不帶冠詞）/動(dòng)詞（原形）+as+主語+謂語。例句：Try as I might，I couldnt lift the stone.盡管我試了，我還是搬不動(dòng)那塊兒石頭。Late as it was,they continued to study.時(shí)間盡管不早了，他們?nèi)岳^續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)。Youngest as he is in our class,he studies very w