形容詞和副詞-精選.

1、第27課EH2?M形容詞和副詞也生這法考點(diǎn)精講.考點(diǎn)一形容詞與副詞的句法功能對比形容詞和副詞都是起修飾作用的詞。它們各自的功能如下:詞功能例句形容詞定語She is a beautiful girl.她是一個(gè)美麗的女孩。表語The meal is very delicious.這頓飯很美味。賓語補(bǔ)足語You must keep the classroom clea n. 你必須保持教室清潔。副詞狀語He gets up late today.今天他起床晚。后置定語（表位置）Life here is rich and in terest in g.這里的生活既富裕又有趣。表語Class is o

2、ver.放學(xué)了。用法提示：1.有些形容詞，如 alone, afraid, asleep, awake等，只能作表語，不能作 定語。如： a Ionely man 個(gè)孤獨(dú)的人 （不能說 an alone man）。2. 有些形容詞，如：many，wooden，golden等，只能作定語，不能作表語。如：This isa wooden house.（但不能說 This house is wooden.）。3. 多個(gè)形容詞作前置定語修飾一個(gè)名詞時(shí)，其先后順序一般遵循如下規(guī)律： 描繪性形容詞+形狀+年齡或新舊+顏色+地區(qū)或產(chǎn)地+材料+用途+名詞。我們可以把上述七條加以簡化為：描、形、年、顏、地、材、

3、途。如：It' a beautiful tall building.（描、形）It' a fine old stone bridge.（描、年、材 ）It' a nice big old black Chinese wooden writing desk.（描、形、年、顏、地、材、途）4. 若地點(diǎn)副詞與時(shí)間副詞同在一句中，則地點(diǎn)副詞在前，時(shí)間副詞在后。同一性質(zhì)的 副詞，小單位在前，大單位在后。如：I'm going to meet her at the station in Shanghai at ten o 'clocktomorrow.明天上午十點(diǎn)我

4、會(huì)在上海車站接她。例 1 It 'very of you to work out the problem for me.That 'sail right.A. kindB. cleverC. n ecessary解析：句意：“你幫我解出這道題來，真是太好了?！薄安挥每蜌??！?kind “友好的”，符合題意。答案：A例 2 Have some ice cream, please.Mm , it tastes .A. goodB. betterC. well解析：句意：“請吃些冰激凌吧?！薄班?，嘗起來很好?！苯Y(jié)合句意可知沒有比較，故排除 B項(xiàng)。taste嘗起來，感官系動(dòng)詞，后加形容

5、詞。good形容詞，好的；well副詞，好地。故選A。 答案：A例 3 Though the old man is , he doesn'tfeel .A. l on ely;al oneB. alon e;l on elyC. l on ely;lo nely解析：句意為“雖然這位老人獨(dú)自一人，但他并不感到孤獨(dú)”。alone “單獨(dú)的” ；Ionely“孤獨(dú)的”。答案：B考點(diǎn)二形容詞與副詞的構(gòu)成由形容詞構(gòu)成副詞時(shí)，有以下幾種方法：1. 大多數(shù)形容詞在詞尾加-ly。如：careful carefully;quick quickly;bright brightly;polite poli

6、tely2. 以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的形容詞，把y變成i，再加-ly。如：easy easily;happy happily;lucky luckily;heavy heavily3. 以“元音字母+e”結(jié)尾的形容詞，需去e再加-ly。如：true truly4. 以le結(jié)尾的形容詞，需去e再加-y。如：terrible terribly;simple simply;possible possibly【注意】少數(shù)以-ly結(jié)尾的詞是形容詞，而不是副詞，這類詞有：friendly（友好的），Ionely（孤獨(dú)的），homely（家常的），motherly（慈母般的），deadly（致命的），liv

7、ely（活潑的）， manly（男子氣概的）等。有些形容詞本身又是副詞。如：alone, far， near，fast， early， late， high等。例 1（用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）lt rained （heavy），so he didn ' go to workyesterday.解析：所填詞修飾動(dòng)詞rain，應(yīng)用heavy的副詞形式heavily。 答案：heavily例 2（用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）The mother looked （angry）at her naughtydaughter.解析：angry為形容詞，所填詞修飾動(dòng)詞look，所以應(yīng)用其副詞形式angri

8、ly。 答案：an grily考點(diǎn)三形容詞、副詞比較等級的構(gòu)成大多數(shù)的形容詞、副詞都具有原級、比較級和最高級三種形式。比較級和最高級的構(gòu)成 方式如下：1.規(guī)則變化直接在詞尾加-er，-est原級比較級最咼級smallsmallersmallesthighhigherhighestfastfasterfastest以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾，在詞尾加-r，-st原級比較級最咼級nicenicernicestlargelargerlargestlatelaterlatest以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，把y變?yōu)閕，再加-er，-est原級比較級最咼級easyeasiereasiesthap pyhappier

9、happiestearlyearlierearliest（4）以輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)詞，雙寫最后一個(gè)輔音字母，再加-er，-est原級比較級最咼級bigbiggerbiggesthothotterhottestthinthi nnerthinn est(5)多音節(jié)詞和部分雙音節(jié)詞，在其前加more, most原級比較級最咼級popularmore popularmost populardeliciousmore deliciousmost deliciousquicklymore quicklymost quickly例 1 Actions speaktha n words.A. loud

10、B. louderC. loudest解析：than為比較連詞，其前應(yīng)用形容詞或副詞的比較級。答案：B例 2 The you eat, the you will be.A. more healthily;more healthilyB. more healthily;healthierC. healthier;healthierD. healthier;more healthily解析：這里考查"the+比較級.,the+比較級”句型，即"越，就越” 。句意為"你吃得越健康，身體就越健康”。第一個(gè)空用副詞 healthily的比較級more healthily ;

11、第二個(gè)空用healthy的比較級healthier。答案：B2.不規(guī)則變化原級比較級最咼級good，wellbetterbestmany，muchmoremostbad， ill， badlyworseworstfarfartherfarthestfurtherfurthestoldolderoldesteldereldestlittlelessleast考點(diǎn)四 比較等級的幾種常用句型結(jié)構(gòu)1. “as+形容詞/副詞原級+as”表示“一者和另一者一樣”。Mary is as tall as Jane.瑪麗和簡一樣高。He can type as fast as she can.他打字能夠打得和她

12、一樣快。2. “not. as/so+形容詞/副詞原級+as”相當(dāng)于“ less+原級+than”，表示“一者不像另”或“一者不如另一者”。Jack is not as/so careful as I.杰克沒有我纟田心。Lucy didn 'learn so carefully as Mary.露西學(xué)習(xí)不如瑪麗認(rèn)真。3. “A+比較級+than+B ”結(jié)構(gòu)意為“ A比B”。Our school is larger tha n theirs.我們的學(xué)校比他們的大。Peter jumps higher than Bob.彼得比鮑勃跳得高。4. "比較級+and+比較級”表示&qu

13、ot;越來越”。As summer is coming , the day is beco ming Ion ger and Ion ger. 夏天至 U 了， 天變得越來越長 了。It is raining more and more heavily now.現(xiàn)在雨下得越來越大了。5. “ the+比較級，the+比較級”表示"越，越”。The warmer the weather is , the better the crops will grow. 天氣越暖和，莊稼長得就越好。The harder you work，the better you 'llearn.你越努

14、力，學(xué)得就越好。6. “A+. +the+最高級+in/of/among. /定語從句”表示"在某范圍內(nèi) A最”。Tom is the tallest i n his class.湯姆是他班里最高的。She is the most beautiful of us all.她是我們當(dāng)中最漂亮的?？键c(diǎn)五比較等級之間的轉(zhuǎn)換1. 原級與比較級之間的轉(zhuǎn)換，可用"less+原級+than”替換"not so/as+原級+as”。Our garde n isn 'tas/so beautiful as theirs.t Our garde n is less beaut

15、iful tha n theirs.2. 比較級之間的轉(zhuǎn)換。常改變比較對象的位置或使用反義詞。My sister is three years older tha n I.t i am three years youn ger tha n my sister.3. 最高級與比較級之間的轉(zhuǎn)換。A. 用"比較級+than+any other+名詞單數(shù)”。如：Tom runs fastest i n his class.t Tom runs faster tha n any other stude nt in his class.B. 用"比較級+than+all the oth

16、er+名詞復(fù)數(shù)”。如：She is the most beautiful girl in the school.t She is more beautiful tha n all the other girls in the school.C. 用"比較級 +than+anyone/anybody/anything+else ”。女口：Joh n is the tallest here.t Joh n is taller tha n an ybody else here.D. 用"否定詞+比較級+than ”。女口：Health is the most valuable f

17、or us.t Nothing is more valuable than health.E. 用"否定詞+. +as/so+原級+as"。女口：Jim is the most dilige nt stude nt in our class.t No stude nt is so dilige nt as Jim in our class.4. 表示倍數(shù)，如"/兩倍/三倍 /四倍 /” 用 “twice/three/four/. times+as. as. ” 結(jié)構(gòu)。This book costs three times as much as that one.這

18、本書的價(jià)錢是那本書的三倍。An elepha nt is about ten times as heavy as a horse.大象約有馬的十倍重。例 （根據(jù)上句完成下句）A:Mike is 17 years old and Kate is 15 years old.B:Kate is two years Mike.解析：由上句可知， Mike 17歲，而Kate只有15歲，所以Kate比Mike小兩歲，用英 語表示為 two years younger than.。 答案：younger than考點(diǎn)六比較級和最高級的修飾語1. 比較級的修飾語。當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)比較的程度時(shí)，可以在形容詞、副詞的比較

19、級前使用much, a little，even, still，a lot， far 等。如：She is much taller tha n her sister.她比她姐姐高很多。I'm feeli ng far better today.今天我感覺好很多?！咀⒁狻縱ery，quite常用來修飾原級，不能修飾比較級。如：他比我咼很多。(x )He is very taller than me.(V )He is much taller tha n me.例 1 How do you like the banana milk shake?I love it. I like it tha

20、n yogurt.A. very much B. even betterC. a littleD. much less解析：由比較連詞than可判斷，這里填比較級，排除A、C兩項(xiàng)。由句子I love it.可排除D項(xiàng)。答案：B例 2 There used to be lots of fish in the lake.Yes, but there are very now.A. fewB. fewerC. littleD. less解析：very修飾形容詞或副詞原級，故排除 B、D兩項(xiàng)；根據(jù)but there are.可知，所 填詞修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)(fish)。故選A。 答案：A2. 最高級的修

21、飾語。常用的此類修飾語有序數(shù)詞以及much, (by)far, nearly, almost等。如：The Yellow River is the seco nd Ion gest river in Chi na. 黃河是中國的第二長河。Of all the students , Jack is almost the best in maths.在所有的學(xué)生中，在數(shù)學(xué)方面杰克幾乎是最好的。This is (by)far the best song that I 've ever heard. (=This is the best song by far that I ve ever h

22、eard.)這是到目前為止我聽過的最好的歌?？键c(diǎn)七使用比較級時(shí)的三個(gè)注意事項(xiàng)1. 注意比較的對象要保持前后一致。 上海比北京人多。(x )The population of Shanghai is larger than Beijing.(V )The populati on of Shan ghai is larger tha n that of Beiji ng. 一班的學(xué)生比二班的多。(x )There are more students in Class 1 than Class 2.(V )There are more stude nts in Class 1 tha n those

23、 in Class 2.2. 避免將主語含在比較對象中。中國比非洲的任何一個(gè)國家都大。（x ）China is bigger than any other country in Africa.（V ）Ch ina is bigger tha n any country in Africa.3. 要避免重復(fù)使用比較級。（x ）He is more cleverer than his brother.（V ）He is cleverer tha n his brother.例 1 This morning Jack came to school than student in his class.

24、A. much late;a nyB. much late;a ny otherC. much later;a nyD. much later;a ny other解析：much用作比較級的修飾詞，表示同一范圍內(nèi)進(jìn)行比較時(shí)，常用" than any other+ 名詞單數(shù)”，故選D。 答案：D例 2 Things made by hand are usually more expensive than produced infactories.A. theseB. thisC. thatD. those解析：比較的對象要一致。也就是說“手工做的東西”要和“工廠里的產(chǎn)品”比較。前面的t

25、hings提示為復(fù)數(shù)，所以用 those指代things。答案：D%語法真題演練o1. （2016 天津）A journey by train is than by coach.A. more relaxi ngB. relaxi ngC. most relaxi ngD. the most relax ingA句意：坐火車旅行比乘大巴旅行更放松。根據(jù)句中的than可知該句使用比較級，而relaxing為多音節(jié)詞，其比較級為 more relaxing。故選 A。2. （2015 天津）Tom fell off his bike , and his ha nd was hurt .A. qui

26、etlyB. carefullyC. slowlyD. badly伽用亍句意:Tom從自行車上摔了下來，他的手傷得很嚴(yán)重。quietly “安靜地”，carefully “仔細(xì)地，認(rèn)真地”，slowly “慢地”，均與句意不符。故選D。3. （2016 上海）This temple is one of buildings in the town. We must take action toprotect it.A. oldB. olderC. oldestD. the oldestD1趣1輕句意：這座廟宇是這個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)上最古老的建筑之一，我們必須采取行動(dòng)保護(hù)它。由“one of+the +形容詞

27、最高級 +名詞復(fù)數(shù)”可知選 D。4. （2016 重慶 A 卷）I think it 'necessary to learn how to work in groups.I quite agree. Sometimes it 'seven than grades.A. less importa ntB. more importa ntC. the least importa ntD. the most importa ntBfed萱句意：“我認(rèn)為學(xué)會(huì)怎樣分組工作是必要的。”“我非常同意。有時(shí)這甚至比成績更重要。” less important 不女口 重要； more impo

28、rtant 更重要；the least important 最不重要； the most important最重要，even修飾比較級，排除 C、D兩項(xiàng)；結(jié)合句意可知選 B。5. （2016 廣東）Among the four seas off the coast of China , East China Sea is thesecond .A. deepB. deeperC. deepestD. the deepestC句意：在中國沿岸的四個(gè)海中，東海是第二深海?！?the+序數(shù)詞+最高級”表示“第幾大（長、深等）”，結(jié)合句中的seco nd可知其后用最高級，且不加定冠詞 the，故選C。6. （2016 安徽）Mr. Black 'memory is getting . As a result, he often leaves his keys athome.A. olderB. poorerC. greaterD. betterB。結(jié)果，他經(jīng)常將鑰匙忘在家里。older 更句意：布來克先生的記憶力正變得老的；poorer更差的，更窮的；greater更棒；better更好。分析：既然他經(jīng)常將鑰匙忘在家 里，那么他的記憶力應(yīng)是變得越來越差。故選B。7. （2016 江蘇常州）一Do y