unit1-2 Grammar

1、Grammar1.Hesaid:“Iveleftmypeninmyroom.”Hetoldmethathehadlefthisbookinhisroom.Shesaidthathewouldbebusy.2.Shesaid:“Hewillbebusy.”復(fù)習(xí)復(fù)習(xí)(把下列直接引語改為間接引語把下列直接引語改為間接引語)SheaskedTomif/whetherhecouldhelpher.3.ShesaidtoTom,“Canyouhelpme?”1.連接詞的選擇連接詞的選擇1）陳述句的間接引語陳述句的間接引語連接詞用連接詞用,在在口語中口語中可省略可省略。引述動詞用。引述動詞用said,tol

2、d,等。等。例如：例如：Hesaid:“Iveleftmybookinmyroom.”Hetoldmethathehadlefthisbookinhisroom. 一一定定義義二二變變化化that2）疑問句的間接引語疑問句的間接引語。一般疑問句一般疑問句后連接后連接詞用詞用if或或whether，而引述，而引述選擇疑問句選擇疑問句時時只能用只能用whether，引述動詞用，引述動詞用asked，沒，沒有間接引語的可以加一個間接賓語有間接引語的可以加一個間接賓語me,him等。等。例如：例如：ShesaidtoTom,“Canyouhelpme?”SheaskedTomif/whetherhec

3、ouldhelpher. 3）特殊疑問句特殊疑問句用原句中的疑問詞作連用原句中的疑問詞作連接詞，改為陳述語序。例如：接詞，改為陳述語序。例如： TheteacheraskedmehowIhadrepairedit. Theteacherasked,“Howdidyourepairit?”2.人稱的變化 一隨主，二隨賓，第三人稱不更新人稱即：第一人稱（我；我們），第二人稱（你；你們），第三人稱（他、她、它；他們、她們.）He said,“I like it very much.”He said that he liked it very much.He said to me,“Ive left

4、my book in your room.”He told me that he had left his book in my room.3.時態(tài)時態(tài)的變化的變化：直接引語直接引語間接引語間接引語一般一般現(xiàn)在時現(xiàn)在時一般將來時一般將來時現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時一般過去時一般過去時現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時過去完成時過去完成時一般過去時一般過去時過去將來時過去將來時過去進(jìn)行時過去進(jìn)行時過去完成時過去完成時過去完成時過去完成時過去完成時過去完成時如：如：1)Shesaid,“Ihavelostapen.”Shesaidshehadlostapen.2)Shesaid,“Wehopeso.”Shesaidt

5、heyhopedso.3)Shesaid,“Hewillgotoseehisfriend.”Shesaidhewouldgotoseehisfriend.“Iwasdrivingcarefullywhenmycarhitthetree.”Hetoldthepolice.Hetoldthepolicethathehadbeendrivingcarefullywhenhiscarhitthetree.”Hetoldthepolice.注意：注意：主從復(fù)合句的直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語主從復(fù)合句的直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時，從句中的一般過去時通常不變?yōu)檫^去完時，從句中的一般過去時通常不變?yōu)檫^去完成時。成時。u

6、直接引語變間接引語時態(tài)不變的情況直接引語變間接引語時態(tài)不變的情況當(dāng)直接引語是客觀真理時。當(dāng)直接引語中有具體的過去某年、某月、某日作狀語時。當(dāng)直接引語是過去完成時態(tài)時。當(dāng)主句謂語動詞是一般現(xiàn)在時、現(xiàn)在完成時、一般將來時態(tài)時。當(dāng)直接引語表示的是諺語或名人名言時。當(dāng)直接引語表示客觀的時刻表時。He said, “The earth goes around the sun.”u He said that the earth goes around the sunMr. Wang said, “I was born in China in September,1972. ”uMr. Wang said

7、he was born in China in September,1972. Shesaid,“TheyhadleftwhenIarrivedthere.” Shesaidtheyhadleftwhenshearrivedthere. She says, “MissliuisgoodatEnglish.” She says MissliuisgoodatEnglish. He said, “ Where there is a will,there is a way. ” He said that where there is a will,there is a way. He said, “

8、Theplanetakesoffat6:30am.” He said that theplanetakesoffat6:30am. “I was driving carefully when my car hit the tree.”He told the police. He told the police that he had been driving carefully when his car hit the tree.”He told the police. She said to me,”I lived there five years ago.” She told me she

9、 had lived there five years before. She said to me,”I will see her next week.” She told me she would see her the next week.4.指示代詞，狀語及動詞的變化指示代詞，狀語及動詞的變化： She said to me,”I lived there five years ago.” She told me she had lived there five years before. She said to me,”I will see her next week.” She to

10、ld me she would see her the next week. 注意注意Whether 可與or not 連用, 表示一種選擇。而if 則不可。 He wants to know whether or not we went to dinner.當(dāng)疑問詞作主語時，間接引語的語序不變。當(dāng)疑問詞作主語時，間接引語的語序不變?！癢hats the matter with you?”said the docotor. Thedocotoraskedwhatsthematterwithme.祈使句的間接引語祈使句的間接引語采用采用“動詞動詞+賓語賓語+不定式不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。結(jié)構(gòu)。ask/te

11、ll/ordersb.todosth.祈使句的直接引語和間接引語祈使句的直接引語和間接引語祈使句祈使句(ImperativeSentence)表示請求、命令、表示請求、命令、建議等等。謂語動詞一律用原形。句子中通建議等等。謂語動詞一律用原形。句子中通常不用主語常不用主語,句末用驚嘆號或者句號，用降調(diào)。句末用驚嘆號或者句號，用降調(diào)。如果祈使句是表示如果祈使句是表示請求請求，間接引語的，間接引語的動詞常用動詞常用ask，如果是表示，如果是表示命令命令，間接，間接引語的動詞常用引語的動詞常用tell,order,command等。等。Heaskedmetositdown.不定式不定式Theoffic

12、erorderedhimnottoleavehispost.1.Theteachersaidtothestudents,“Dontwasteyourtime.”ThemotheraskedTomtogetupearly.2.Themothersaid,“Tom,getupearly,please.”Theteachertoldthestudentsnottowastetheirtime.that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句引導(dǎo)的賓語從句Isuggestedtohimthatwe(should)startatonce.例例如：如：Hesaid,Letsgotothefilm.Hesuggestedgoingt

13、othefilm.或或Hesuggested(that)they(should)gotoseethefilm.直接引語如果是以直接引語如果是以“Lets”開頭的祈使開頭的祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，通常用句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，通常用“suggest+動句詞（或從句）。動句詞（或從句）。”that/what/how引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)的賓語從句的賓語從句Hesaidthathewasveryhappy.Hesaidhowhappyhewas.1.“Pleaseclosethewindow,”hesaidtome.He_me_thewindow.A.saidto;tocloseB.toldto;closingC.a

14、sked;tocloseD.saidto;pleaseclose練一練練一練2.Hesaid,“Dontdothatagain.”He_thatagain.A.saidtome;nottodoB.saidtome;dontdoC.toldme;dontdoD.toldme;nottodo3.“Dontputitonmyhat.”hiswifesaidtohim.Hiswifetoldhim_putiton_hat.A.dont,hisB.dont,herC.notto,hisD.notto,her4.RoseaskedTom,“Didyouseemypurse?”RoseaskedTom_.A

15、.whetherthathehadseenherpurseB.whetherhehadseenherpurseC.thatwhetherhehadseenherpurseD.thatifhehasseenherpurse5.Heaskedme_withme.A.whatthematterisB.whatthematerwasC.whatsthematterD.whatwasthematter解析解析:如果直接引語是如果直接引語是“Whatsthematter?”“Whatswrong?”“Whatsthetrouble?”,變間接引語時語序不變間接引語時語序不變。變。6.Heasked,“Ar

16、eyouaPartymemberoraLeaguemember?”Heaskedme_.A.amIaPartymemberoraLeaguememberB.wasIaPartymemberoraLeaguememberC.whetherIwasaPartymemberoraLeaguememberD.whetherwasIaPartymemberoraLeaguemember解析解析:選擇疑問句要變成選擇疑問句要變成whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句引導(dǎo)的賓語從句7.“Youvealreadygotwell,haventyou?”sheasked.Sheasked_.A.ifIhavealready

17、gotwell,hadntyouB.whetherIhadalreadygotwellC.haveIalreadygotwellD.hadIalreadygotwell.解析解析:反意疑問句要變成反意疑問句要變成whether或或if引引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。導(dǎo)的賓語從句。8.Heasked_forthecomputer.A.didIpayhowmuchB.IpaidhowmuchC.howmuchdidIpayD.howmuchIpaid9.Theboysaid,“MayIgoalongwithyou?”Theboyaskedme_.A.ifImightgoalongwithyouB.ifhemig

18、htgoalongwithyouC.ifhemightgoalongwithme D.ifhemightgoalongwiththeboy10.Hesaid,“Mother,theboyisverynaughty.”He_verynaughty.A.saidhismotherthattheboywasB.saidtohismotherthattheboyisC.toldhismotherthattheboywasD.spoketohismotherthattheboywas練一練練一練 Hesaid,“Mysisterwashereforthreedays.” Hesaidthat_siste

19、r_threedays. 2.Shesaid,“Illgotheretomorrow.” Shesaidthat_gothere_.hishadbeenthereforshewouldthenextday3.Shesaid,“Didyouseehimlastnight?”She_me_him_.4.“Whendidyougotobedlastnight?”FathersaidtoPeter.Father_Peter_thenight_.askedif/whetherIhadseenthenightbeforeaskedwhenhewenttobeforebed注意：注意：主從復(fù)合句的直接引語變

20、為間接引主從復(fù)合句的直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時，從句中的一般過去時通常不變?yōu)檫^語時，從句中的一般過去時通常不變?yōu)檫^去完成時。去完成時。把下列句子變?yōu)橹苯右Z或間接引語。把下列句子變?yōu)橹苯右Z或間接引語。 “Openthewindow,please.”Mothersaidtome.2.Theteachertoldthestudentnottospeaktohim/herlikethat.“Dontspeaktomelikethat,”theteachersaidtothestudent.Motherasked/toldmetoopenthewindow. 3.“Wouldyoupleasestopt

21、ohavearest?”shesaid.4.Heaskedmetolowermyvoice.“Couldyoupleaseloweryourvoice?”hesaid.Sheaskedmetostoptohavearest. 單句改錯。單句改錯。 Mr.Liutoldusdontbelateagain.2.Hesaysweweretomeethimatthestation.3.Mumsaidtometomakesurethelightwasturnedoff.saidtotolddontnottowereare翻譯下列句子。翻譯下列句子。 他建議我?guī)嫌陚恪Ｋㄗh我?guī)嫌陚恪?.老師告訴我們上

22、課時不要吃東西。老師告訴我們上課時不要吃東西。Theteachertoldusnottoeatinclass.Headvisedmetotakeanumbrellawithme.1.FinishPage50inWorkbook.2.Makeupadialoguewithyourpartner.Oneusedirectspeech,theotheruseindirectspeech.Andactitoutnextclass.Homework但要注意在以下幾種情況下。在直但要注意在以下幾種情況下。在直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時，時態(tài)一般接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時，時態(tài)一般不變化。不變化。(1)直接引語是客觀真理。直接引語是客觀真理?！癟heearthmovesaroundthesunandthemoonmovesaroundtheearth”,theteachertoldme