選修7unit1infinitive用法導(dǎo)學案

1、河高 “自主互動”高效課堂 高二英語選修7Grammar: The uses of infnitive導(dǎo)學案 編制人：倪安莉 審核人：蔡擁軍 【學習目標】自主學習，掌握動詞不定式常用用法，提高在語境中運用的能力?！臼褂谜f明及學法指導(dǎo)】1.15分鐘結(jié)合學案總結(jié)、理解并熟記基本用法。2.5分鐘合作探究，建立知識體系。3.20分鐘當堂檢測，鞏固落實，展示點評探究內(nèi)容課前預(yù)習案【自主學習】-大聲讀【自學導(dǎo)引】.動詞不定式在句中的作用不定式是動詞的一種非限定形式,由“to+動詞原形”構(gòu)成,沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化,在句中不能獨立作謂語.但不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征，在句中可以作主語、賓語、賓語補足語、

2、表語、定語、狀語等。 1. It is good to help others. 2.To see is to believe3. It is my ambition to make sure that the disabled people in our neghborhood have access to all public buildings.4. It is right to give up smoking.1. He want to go.2.I find it interesting to study English.1.My job is to help patients.2.

3、 My ambition is to work in the computer industry when I grow up. 1. Are you going to the meeting to be held in the teachers office?2. I am the only student in my class to have a pet snake. 3.The farmers thought of ways to protect their crops.1. I came here to see you.2. We turned the lights off in o

4、rder not to waste electricity.3. We were very excited to hear the news.1. He asked me to do the work with him.II. 不定式在句中的功能(1) 做主語:To act like that is childish.那樣做是很幼稚的.To do morning exercises is useful for our health.做早操有利于我們的健康。To know something about English is one thing; to know English is quite

5、 another.懂一點英語是一回事，掌握英語完全又是另一回事。知識拓展在很多情況下，尤其是口語中，我們通常用形式主語it來代替不定式作主語，而將不定式移至句子后面去，這樣使句子顯得比較平穩(wěn)，避免“頭重腳輕”的現(xiàn)象。It is not an easy thing to master a language.學好一門語言是不容易的。It feels good to be out here for a while.出來在這兒待一會兒是挺舒服的。2 做賓語We've decided to experiment with a new method.我們已經(jīng)決定用新方法進行實驗。We want t

6、o know all about his adventure.我們想知道他奇遇的一切情況。.He hopes to find a job soon.他希望不久能找到工作.知識拓展1)及物動詞(短語)agree, want, wish, hope, refuse, manage, ask, offer, promise, pretend, decide, learn, determine, expect, beg, choose, force, intend, attempt, care, fail, hesitate, claim, long(v.), strive, plan, prepar

7、e, would like(love, prefer)等后面要求接動詞不定式作賓語。She had agreed to go and see a movie with him.她同意和他一起出去看電影。They walked because they couldn't afford to take a taxi.他們因為坐不起出租車而步行。2)當動詞不定式作賓語時，若其后跟一個賓語補足語，則往往用it作形式賓語，而將真正的賓語移至句末，以使句子重心后移，即構(gòu)成句型“主語謂語動詞it賓補(形容詞或名詞)動詞不定式(短語)其它成分”。能用于這種句型中的謂語動詞常見的有：think, fee

8、l, imagine, consider等。I thought it impossible to arrive there in half an hour.我認為半小時到達那兒是不可能的。I feel it my duty to say that you are wrong.我認為我有責任說你是錯誤的。<1>.不定式有時和連接代/副詞一起構(gòu)成賓語. 用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)中的疑問代(副)詞常見的有what, who(m), which, whether, which, when, where, how等No one knew what to do next.沒有人知道下一步該怎樣辦。They

9、 don't know whether to stay or not.他們不知道是留還是不留。I knew when to leave.我知道何時出發(fā)。Everyone has his own idea of how to do it.每個人都有自己如何做這件事的想法。做賓語補足語: 常帶to的不定式做賓語補足語的動詞有: ask, beg, prefer, help, promise, wish, want, expect, permit, request, allow, command, tell ,invite, cause, encourage, warn, advise, p

10、ersuade, force, order, remind, teach, 等.Father will not allow us to play on the street.My brother asked me to clean the room with him.后接不帶to的不定式做賓語補足語的動詞有: let, hear, have , make ,see, observe, feel, watch, notice 等.They told him not to be late again.他們告訴他不要再遲到了。The parents don't allow their chi

11、ldren to go out at night.父母不讓他們的孩子們晚上外出。Let him try once more.讓他再試一次。I saw him enter the room.我看見他進了房間。知識拓展在make, let, have, see, hear, watch, notice, feel, observe, listen to, look at等動詞(短語)后的復(fù)合賓語中，不定式要省略to；變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，to不能省略，此時不定式作主語補足語。They were made to work day and night.他們被迫日夜工作。The boy was seen to

12、 enter the room.有人看見小男孩走進了房間。作表語：Your job today is to clean the playground.你今天的工作是打掃操場。Her wish is to go to a medical college.她的愿望是上醫(yī)學院。作定語：不定式放在被修飾的名詞、代詞后面，往往表示未發(fā)生的動作。Let us give him something to eat.讓我們給他一些東西吃。We have much homework to do tonight.今晚我們有許多家庭作業(yè)要做。He has no way to protect crops.他沒有保護莊稼

13、的方法。知識拓展(1)動詞不定式常常放在名詞或不定代詞的后面作后置定語，其邏輯主語往往是句子的主語，故動詞不定式作定語時往往用主動式；如果動詞不定式的邏輯主語不是句子的主語，該動詞不定式要用被動式。He has no place to go.他無處可去。Do you have anything to do tonight?你今晚有什么事要做嗎？I am going to Shanghai tomorrow. Do you have anything to be taken there?明天我要去上海，你有什么東西要捎去嗎？(2)不定式作定語，往往表示尚未發(fā)生的動作，與所修飾的詞構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系。如

14、果不定式的動詞是不及物動詞，則必須帶有適當?shù)慕樵~。She is a very nice person to work with.她是個很好共事的人。You must find a place for us to live in before dark.天黑前你必須為我們找個住的地方。作狀語：She went to the hospital to see her grandfather yesterday.昨天她去醫(yī)院看望了她爺爺。I went to see my aunt only to find her out.我去看姑姑，不料她出去了。He jumped with joy to hear

15、the good news.聽到那個消息，他高興得跳了起來。Mike raised his hand as if to take off his hat.邁克舉起手，好像要摘掉帽子。知識拓展(1) 作目的狀語。常用的結(jié)構(gòu)： to do ; in order to do, so as to do, so/ suchas to do, etc.通常放在句末；為了強調(diào)目的或意義，也可放在句首。They took me away from my work just to ask me some questions.他們要我離開工作只是為了問幾個問題。(2)作結(jié)果狀語。有時采用enough to, so

16、.as to或too.to這類結(jié)構(gòu)。What has he done to make you so happy?他做了什么使你如此高興？His wife was so greedy as to ask for things again and again.他妻子太貪心，一再地索取東西。(3)作原因狀語。常用于“主語be某些形容詞動詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。Nice to meet you, too.我見到你也很高興。There is no doubt that Mrs. Li will be glad to look after the boy.毫無疑問，李太太將很高興照料這個小男孩。.動詞不定式的否定

17、結(jié)構(gòu)動詞不定式的否定結(jié)構(gòu)由不定式形式之前加上not而構(gòu)成。The teacher warned the students not to go skating on thin ice.老師警告學生不要在薄冰上滑冰。I beg you not to go there.我懇求你別去。He was disappointed not to have been invited.他未被邀請，感到很失望。Bill is said not to have been to China.據(jù)說比爾未去過中國。. 不定式的時態(tài)：（1）一般時表示的動作，有時與謂語動詞表示的動作同時發(fā)生，有時發(fā)生在謂語動詞表示的動作之后。

18、He seems to know this.他似乎知道這事。I hope to see you again. 我希望再見到你。（2）完成時表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞表示的動作之前。很抱歉給了你這么多麻煩。Im sorry to have given you so much trouble.(3) 一般進行時表示的動作正在進行，與謂語動詞表示的動作同時發(fā)生。他好象正在吃什么東西。He seems to be eating something.（4）完成進行時表示的動作從過去開始并延續(xù)至說話的時候。據(jù)說她研究這問題有好多年了。She is said to have been working on t

19、he problem for many years.課堂探究案-【合作探究】-我參與合作探究一：對學、互學，小組里學習對子互相探討，完成右欄里的知識總結(jié)和歸納。合作探究二：群學，全體起立，組內(nèi)探討疑問，展示收獲，完善右欄探究任務(wù)。我的疑問我的收獲歸納動詞不定式的用法：1. .6.思考：如果動詞不定式做主與，太長怎么處理歸納動詞不定式作賓語的常用結(jié)構(gòu)1.2.3.巧計不帶to的動詞不定式作賓語補足語1-2-3-歸納動詞不定式作狀語的位置歸納動詞不定式的否定形式_歸納動詞不定式的時態(tài)【展示點評】- 我自信具體要求：看規(guī)范（書寫、格式）看對錯。找出關(guān)鍵詞，補充、完善。點評內(nèi)容，講方法規(guī)律

20、。面帶微笑，全面展示自我?！菊咸嵘? 我能做構(gòu)建本節(jié)課的知識體系。理解并熟記基本知識點。不明白的問題及時請教老師。-【達標檢測】- 一定行（對所學內(nèi)容進行鞏固、深化）.單項填空1(2010全國134)With Father's Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank_presents for my dad.Abuy Bto buy Cbuying Dto have bought2(2010山東23) I have a lot of readings_before the end of this t

21、erm.Acompleting Bto complete Ccompleted Dbeing completed3(2010上海秋40) That is the only way we can imagine_the overuse of water in students' bathrooms.Areducing Bto reduce Creduced Dreduce4(2010遼寧25) We were astonished_the temple still in its original condition.Afinding Bto find Cfind Dto be found

22、5(2010遼寧34)It's no use having ideas only.Don't worry. Peter can show you_to turn an idea into an act.Ahow Bwho Cwhat Dwhere6(2010四川11)In many people's opinion, that company, though relatively small, is pleasant_.Ato deal with Bdealing with Cto be dealt with Ddealt with7My parents have always made me_about myself, even when I was 12.Afeeling well Bfeeling goodCfeel well Dfeel good8There is nothing more I can try_you to stay, so I wish you good luck.Abeing persuade BpersuadingCto be persuaded Dto persuade9