it做形式主語或賓語的用法1PPT課件

1、He found it difficult to stop smoking I think it best that you should do more exercise.She thought it no good worrying about himIt作形式賓語代替不定式、動詞-ing短語、或從句。第1頁/共29頁1.It 用作形式賓語 當(dāng)不定式（短語）、動名詞（短語）或從句在句子中作賓語時，當(dāng)不定式（短語）、動名詞（短語）或從句在句子中作賓語時，為保持平衡，避免句式結(jié)構(gòu)的混亂，常用為保持平衡，避免句式結(jié)構(gòu)的混亂，常用it it作形式賓語，而將真作形式賓語，而將真正的賓語放在句尾。此時

2、正的賓語放在句尾。此時it it只起引導(dǎo)作用，無意義只起引導(dǎo)作用，無意義。S + v + it+adj.n(for sb) to do sth.從句doing sth+第2頁/共29頁 find possible1. S+ think + it + necessary +( for sb. ) to do sth. /clause. feel important Sentence patterns:形式賓語 a rule2. S+ V + it + ones duty + ( for sb. ) to do sth. /clause an honour 3. S + V + it + no g

3、ood + doing sth. no use 第3頁/共29頁完成句子完成句子（1） They _（發(fā)覺難） to finish their work in two days. （2） We _（認(rèn)為是我們的職責(zé)） to clean our classroom every day. （3） It is important _（對她來說） to come to the party. found it difficultthink it our dutyfor her 第4頁/共29頁作形式賓語( Preparatory Subject )為了記憶方便我們把該句型總結(jié)為6123結(jié)構(gòu)。 6指主句中

4、常用的動詞：think,believe,make,find, consider,feel； 1指的是形式賓語it； 2指的是賓補(bǔ)的兩種形式：形容詞或名詞； 3指的是真正賓語的三種形式：不定式短語，動名詞短語 或從句。We think it our duty to clean our classroom every day. He felt it important learning English well. They found it difficult that they would finish their work in two days. 第5頁/共29頁1.The fact tha

5、t she was foreign made _difficult for her to get a job in that country .(2010.遼寧） A. So B. much C. that D. it 2. The doctor thought _would be good for to have a holiday .（2010.全國II) A. this B .that C . one D . It 3. I dont think _ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work. (MET9

6、0)A. this B. that C. its D. it第6頁/共29頁4.It 作形式賓語的特殊用法 1. 某些表示“喜、怒、哀、樂”的動詞，如like, enjoy, love, hate, dislike, appreciate等 后往往不能直接接賓語從句；必須先由it擔(dān)任形式賓語,再接從句.We would much appreciate it if you could do us that favour.要是你們能幫我們這個忙，我們將非常感激。Id prefer it if I didnt have to finish the work.要是我不必完成那項工作，那就太好了。第7頁

7、/共29頁 2.某些含有介詞的動詞短語如see to, depend on, answer for, rely on, insist on, look to, stick to 等結(jié)構(gòu)中往往不能直接接賓語從句；必須先由it擔(dān)任形式賓語,再接從句.Ill see to it that everything is ready in time.我將負(fù)責(zé)按時做好一切準(zhǔn)備。You may depend on it that Tom will help you with your English.(你放心，湯姆會幫助你學(xué)英語的。)Im counting on it that you will come.

8、我指望著你會來。第8頁/共29頁1. I like _ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. (MET2004) A. this B. that C. it D. one2. I hate _when people talk with their mouths full. (MET98) A. it B. that C. these D. them第9頁/共29頁It is amazing that at my age I am still fit .It is easy to become addicted to smokin

9、g .it is no good crying over spilt milk. (覆水難收) It 作形式主語代替不定式、動詞-ing短語、或從句。第10頁/共29頁2. It 用作形式主語 當(dāng)不定式（短語）、動名詞（短語）或從句在某個句子中作主語時，為保持句子結(jié)構(gòu)前后平衡，避免頭重腳輕，因此常用it作形式主語置于句首，而將真正的主語放在句尾。此時it只起先行引導(dǎo)作用，本身無詞義。It be +adjnp.p(for/of sb) to do sth主語從句doing sth+第11頁/共29頁 1. It+ be +adj.+主語從句 這是主語從句最常見的一種結(jié)構(gòu)。It is uncert

10、ain whether he can come to Jennys birthday party or not. 注意：如若形容詞為 important / necessary， good/wrong natural.表達(dá)一種要求，命令或者責(zé)備時，多使用虛擬語氣（should +V).但是如果只是表示陳述一個事實而不是強(qiáng)烈的感情，完全可以用一般的陳述語氣。 不過考試建議你還是多用虛擬語氣It is important that we (should) learn English well. It is necessary that he (should) remember these word

11、s. 第12頁/共29頁 2. It + be + 過去分詞 + 主語從句，這類過去分詞有：announced, believed, expected, hoped, decided, reported, said, shown等， 如：It is reported that 16 people were killed in the earthquake.It is not decided who will give the operation to the patient. It is said that he has come to Beijing. 第13頁/共29頁注意：如果主句中的過

12、去分詞是表示請求，建議，命令等詞如：suggested/ ordered / demanded /insisted / commanded. 等時 that后的從句要用虛擬語（should + 動詞原形），should 可以??；常譯為，“據(jù)建議；有命令） It is suggested that the meeting ( should ) be put off. It was ordered that we ( should ) arrive there in two hours. 第14頁/共29頁3. It + be + 名詞詞組 + 主語從句這類名詞有：a fact, a pity,

13、a shame, an honour，a question等，如：Its a pity that you missed the exciting football match.It remains a question whether he will come or not. 注意：如若表示出乎意料之意時,從句一般用虛擬語氣常譯為“竟然”。沒有這種意義時，則不用虛擬語氣。 It is a pity that such a thing ( should ) happen in your class. 第15頁/共29頁4. It + 不及物動詞 + 主語從句 這類不及物動詞有：appear,se

14、em happen，matter等。譯為好像/碰巧/如： It seemed that he didnt tell the truth. It happened that I was out when he called.第16頁/共29頁 5. It + be + 形容詞 + （for sb.）+ 動詞不定式 這類句型常用形容詞easy, difficult, hard, important, possible，wise等作表語，有時候為了強(qiáng)調(diào)不定式動作的執(zhí)行者，常在不定式前加for sb，譯為“對某人來說做某事怎么樣”如：Its necessary for the young to mas

15、ter two foreign language.It is unwise to give the children whatever they want.第17頁/共29頁 6. It + be + 形容詞 + of sb. + 動詞不定式 這類形容詞常是表示心理品質(zhì),性格特征的形容詞，如：kind, nice stupid, clever, foolish, polite, impolite, silly, selfish, considerate等。某人和這些形容詞可以構(gòu)成主系表結(jié)構(gòu)。如： Its very kind of you to help me with the work. =Y

16、ou are kind to help me. It seemed selfish of him not to share his dictionary with others. =He seemed selfish not to share his dictionary with others.第18頁/共29頁 7. It + be +名詞詞組 + 動詞不定式，如： It is not a good habit to stay up too late.8. It + be + 名詞或形容詞 + 動名詞，這類名詞和形容詞常常是：good, no good, no use, a waste o

17、f, useless, senseless等，如：Its a waste of time talking to her any more.It is no use arguing about the matter with him.第19頁/共29頁 9. It + take ( sb. )+ 時間（金錢）+ 動詞不定式，譯為，做某事花了某人多長時間或多少錢。如：It took the workers almost three years to finish building the dam.It will take a whole day to get to the top of the m

18、ountain on foot.第20頁/共29頁實戰(zhàn)練習(xí)高考真題第21頁/共29頁1. In fact is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match. (2001 上海)A. this B. that C. there D. it2. is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. (NMET1995)A. There B. This C. That D. It 第22頁/共29頁3. Is necessary to take off our shoes when we enter the lab? (MET88) A. everyone B. this C. her D. it4. _ will take you a lot of time to find him in the crowd.A. It B. I C. We D. They5. It is no use his _ there, the situation is hopeless now.A. to go B. to be going C