被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別

1、030413214 李錦宜被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別“be+過(guò)去分詞”并不一定都是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，有時(shí)是系表結(jié)構(gòu)。當(dāng)“be+過(guò)去分詞”表示動(dòng)作時(shí)為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，be是助動(dòng)詞，be后面的過(guò)去分詞是主要?jiǎng)釉~，動(dòng)作的對(duì)象是主語(yǔ)；當(dāng)“be +過(guò)去分詞”表示主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)時(shí)為系表結(jié)構(gòu)，be是連系動(dòng)詞。be后面的過(guò)去分詞是表語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于形容詞。其區(qū)分辦法如下：1如果強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作或句中有介詞by引導(dǎo)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，該句一般為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，否則為系表結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:The glass is broken玻璃杯碎了。（系表結(jié)構(gòu)）The glass was broken by the boy玻璃杯被那男孩打碎了。（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）注：但我們不能

2、認(rèn)為凡是帶有by短語(yǔ)的就一定是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，關(guān)鍵是看by后面的名詞是否是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者。下面是一組句子:1The old man was surrounded by his grandchildren.老人被他的孫子圍住了（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 因?yàn)檫^(guò)去分詞后的 by短語(yǔ)后表示動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者)2 Guilin is surrounded by hills and mountains桂林周圍都是山(系表結(jié)構(gòu) 因?yàn)檫^(guò)去分詞后的 by短語(yǔ)沒(méi)有發(fā)出動(dòng)作觸及主語(yǔ)整個(gè)句子只說(shuō)明一種情況）2如果句中有地點(diǎn)、頻率或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如：The magazine is published in Shanghai這家雜志出

3、版于上海。（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）The door is locked門鎖著。（系表結(jié)構(gòu)）The door has already/just been locked門已經(jīng)/剛剛被鎖上。（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）The shop is opened這家商店開(kāi)門了。（系表結(jié)構(gòu)）The shop is opened at 8 a.m. everyday這家商店每天上午八點(diǎn)開(kāi)門。（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）注：如果構(gòu)成過(guò)去分詞的動(dòng)詞是持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作這時(shí)，不管它是否有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，此結(jié)構(gòu)是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如：1 the sick man was carried to a hospital.這個(gè)病人被送往醫(yī)院。（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）2 the chi

4、ldren were well looked after. 這些孩子被很好地照看（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）3被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)除用于一般時(shí)態(tài)和完成時(shí)態(tài)外，還可以用于其他各種時(shí)態(tài)，而系表結(jié)構(gòu)中的系動(dòng)詞be只有一般時(shí)態(tài)和完成時(shí)態(tài)。所以下列句子都是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：The machine is being repaired機(jī)器正在修。A new school will be built here這里將要建一所新學(xué)校4.系表結(jié)構(gòu)中的過(guò)去分詞可以被well ,very 等修飾，而被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的過(guò)去分詞一般被much 修飾，例如：1 The book is well written. 這本書寫的很好(系表結(jié)構(gòu)）2 The street i

5、s very crowded with people . 街上很擁擠（系表結(jié)構(gòu)）3 He was much excited by the news.聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息，他很激動(dòng)。（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）5.用作表語(yǔ)的過(guò)去分詞往往又有其固定的介詞搭配。例如: The ground is covered with heavy snow.地上是厚厚的積雪。 The streets are lined with trees.街道兩旁綠樹(shù)成行。另外“get/become+過(guò)去分詞”這種結(jié)構(gòu)意思上接近被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),比較口語(yǔ)化。例如:He got wounded in the battle of Tianjin.他在天津戰(zhàn)斗中受傷了。Xiao Wang got married last Sunday.小王上周日結(jié)婚了。 常見(jiàn)的過(guò)去分詞用作表語(yǔ)形容詞的有: used ,astonished ,broken , closed,completed,connected