與森林相關(guān)的詞匯及對(duì)照英文翻譯

1、森林forest2006年6月13日16:45出處：FanE翻譯中國(guó)詞匯由：tradoser 提供森林 forest原始林virginforest次生林sec on dary forest天然林n aturalforest人工林forestplantation,man-made forest速生豐產(chǎn)林 fast-growi ng and high-yieldpla ntati on喬林high forest中林composite forest矮林coppice forest針葉林coni ferous forest闊葉林broad leaved forest落葉闊葉林deciduousbroa

2、dleavedforest常綠闊葉林evergree nbroadleavedforest熱帶雨林tropicalrain forest紅樹(shù)林man grove forest林種 forest category用材林timber forest防護(hù)林protectio nforest經(jīng)濟(jì)林non-timberproduct forest培育木材以外的其它林產(chǎn)品為主的森林薪炭林 firewood forest, fuelwood forest能源林 energy forest特種用途林 forest for special use 風(fēng)景林 amenity forest純林 pure forest混

3、交林 mixed forest同齡林 evenaged forest異齡林 uneven aged forest單層林分 uniform stand復(fù)層林分 multi-storied stand樹(shù)木學(xué)dendrology樹(shù)木生理學(xué)treephysiology森林氣象學(xué)forestmeteorology森林土壤學(xué)forestsoil science森林生物學(xué)forestbiology森林生態(tài)學(xué)forestecology林業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)foresteconomics森林遺傳學(xué)forestgenetics林木育種學(xué)foresttree improvement森林培育學(xué)又稱silviculture“造林學(xué)

4、” .forest tree林學(xué) forest science, forestrybreeding森林病理學(xué)forestpathology森林昆蟲(chóng)學(xué)forestentomology森林測(cè)計(jì)學(xué)又稱forest“測(cè)樹(shù)學(xué)”mensuration森林經(jīng)理學(xué)forestmanagement林業(yè)史forestryhistory水土保持學(xué)soiland water conservation園林學(xué)landscapearchitecture木材學(xué)wood science, wood technology森林利用學(xué)forestutilization林業(yè)工程學(xué)forestengineering木材加工學(xué)woodpr

5、ocessingforest products林產(chǎn)化學(xué)加工學(xué) chemical processing of林業(yè) forestry森林資源forestresources森林覆蓋率forestcoverage, percentage森林效益foresteffect鄉(xiāng)村林業(yè)r. r> > * r. r. rrruralforestry城市林業(yè)urbanforestry粗放林業(yè)extensive forestry集約林業(yè)intensive forestryof forest cover森林工業(yè)forest industry森林經(jīng)營(yíng)forest management林業(yè)政策forest po

6、licy林業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)forest economy林業(yè)法規(guī)forestry regulation森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng) forest ecosystem生物地理群落 biogeocoenosis農(nóng)林復(fù)合生態(tài)系統(tǒng) integral agroforestry ecosystem森林物質(zhì)循環(huán) mineral cycling in forest, material cycling in forest森林能量平衡 energy equilibrium in forest林分 stand林分組成stand composition林齡 stand age林分起源origin of stand林相 forest form林分

7、密度stand density郁閉度crown density森林環(huán)境forest environment立地 site立地類型site type喜光樹(shù)種intolerant tree species4 / 16曾用名“陽(yáng)性樹(shù)種”耐蔭樹(shù)種shade-toleranttreespecies喜溫樹(shù)種thermophiloustreespecies耐寒樹(shù)種winter hardytreespecies旱生樹(shù)種xerophilous tree species濕生樹(shù)種hygrophilous treespecies中生樹(shù)種mesophilous treespecies森林氣候forest climate

8、凍拔frost heaving凍裂frost cleft, frostcracking林冠層forest canopy森林水文forest hydrology樹(shù)冠截留crown interception干流stemflow冠淋crown wash透冠雨throughfall淋失leaching森林土壤forest soil枯枝落葉層 litter死地被物forest floor又稱“林褥”森林腐殖質(zhì)forest humus粗腐殖質(zhì)raw humus, mor細(xì)腐殖質(zhì)mild humus, mull改良土壤樹(shù)種 soil improving tree species化感作用又稱“allelopa

9、thy 異種克生” .互惠共生mutualistic symbiosis森林群落forest community林型 forest type林分結(jié)構(gòu)stand structure復(fù)層混交林stratified mixed stand主林層 main storey次林層 substorey喬木層 tree stratum下木層 undergrowth活地被物層ground vegetation優(yōu)勢(shì)樹(shù)種dominant tree species亞優(yōu)勢(shì)樹(shù)種subdominant tree species伴生樹(shù)種associated tree species鄉(xiāng)土樹(shù)種indigenous tree sp

10、ecies, native tree species先鋒樹(shù)種pioneer tree species地帶性頂極zonal climax, primary climax非地帶性頂極 azonal climax森林線又稱forest line, forest limit “森林界限” .樹(shù)木線timber line又稱“樹(shù)木界限” .林木改良forest tree improvement林木選擇selection of tree精選樹(shù)elite tree正號(hào)樹(shù)plus tree優(yōu)樹(shù) superior tree優(yōu)良林分superior stand, superior plantation林木引種in

11、troduction of exotic species樹(shù)木育種tree breeding母樹(shù)林seed production stand種子園seed orchard無(wú)性系種子園 clonal seed orchard實(shí)生苗種子園 seedling seed orchard去劣種子園rogued seed orchard 種子 原產(chǎn)地provenance, seed source又稱“種源” .產(chǎn)地試驗(yàn) provenance trial 又稱“種源試驗(yàn)” .trial局部分布區(qū)產(chǎn)地試驗(yàn) limited range provenance全分布區(qū)產(chǎn)地試驗(yàn) wide range provenanc

12、e trial子代測(cè)定progeny test無(wú)性系測(cè)定clonal test優(yōu)樹(shù)采集區(qū)clonal archive采穗圃cutting orchard種子區(qū)seed zone育種區(qū)breeding zone造林 forestation人工更新artificial reforestation 無(wú)林地 造林afforestation四旁植樹(shù) four-side tree planting 指路旁、水旁、村旁、宅旁的植樹(shù)林木種子forest tree seed母樹(shù)seed tree采種seed collection種實(shí)調(diào)制seed processing種子貯藏seed storage種子層積 催芽

13、seed stratification種子檢驗(yàn)seed testing, seed quality examination種子證明書(shū) seed certification森林苗圃forest nursery固定苗圃permanent nursery8 / 16臨時(shí)苗圃 temporary nursery苗木 nursery stock, planting stock播種苗 tree seedling 又稱“實(shí)生苗” .野生苗 wildling苗床 seedbed床作 bedding culture垅作ridge culture撒播 broadcast sowing條播strip sowing,

14、 drill sowing帶播beltsowing點(diǎn)播spotsowing覆蓋mulching上方遮蔭 overhead shading側(cè)方遮蔭 side shading營(yíng)養(yǎng)繁殖苗 planting stock by vegetative propagation 移植苗 transplant裸根苗 bareroot seedling容器苗 container seedling苗木出圃 outplanting起苗 lifting of seedlings假植 heel in苗木貯藏seedling storage苗木分級(jí)seedling sorting苗木包裝seedling packing造林

15、地planting site, planted land宜林地suitable land for forest造林區(qū)劃silvicultural regionalization立地評(píng)價(jià)site evaluation立地分類site classification造林調(diào)查設(shè)計(jì) plantation survey and project樹(shù)種選擇choice of tree species適地適樹(shù)matching species with the site造林密度planting density種植點(diǎn)配置spacing of planting spots, spacing of seeding spo

16、ts行狀配置strip spacing群狀配置group spacing人工混交林mixture plantation混交類型type of mixture混交方法pattern of mixture造林地整地site preparation, soil preparation造林地清理site preparation整地方法method of soil preparation全面整地overall soilpreparation局部整地partial soilpreparation帶狀整地strip soilpreparation塊狀整地spot soil preparation造林方法me

17、thod of forestation播種造林又稱seeding,direct “直播造林” .seeding飛機(jī)播種簡(jiǎn)稱air seeding, “飛播” .aerial seeding植苗造林tree planting分殖造林planting byvegetative propagation插條造林planting bycuttings埋條造林又稱planting by “埋干造林” .layerings分根造林planting byrootcuttings分蘗造林planting bytillers穴植法hole planting縫植法slit planting,planting in

18、notches楔形栽植wedge planting叢植 bunch planting帶土栽植ball planting植樹(shù)鍬 planting bar造林季節(jié)plantingseason幼林撫育tendingafter youngplantation幼林檢查checkingof youngplantation造林成活率survivalrate造林保存率survivalrate ofplantation補(bǔ)植 reinforcementplanting撫育采伐intermediate cutting透光伐cleaning, release cutting疏伐 thinning衛(wèi)生伐sanitati

19、on cutting拯救伐salvage cutting解放伐liberation cutting自然分化natural differentiation自然稀疏self thinning林木分級(jí)tree classification克拉夫特分級(jí)法 Kraft's tree classification優(yōu)勢(shì)木dominant tree亞優(yōu)勢(shì)木codominant tree中等木intermediate tree被壓木suppressed tree死亡木dead tree下層疏伐low thinning, thinning from below上層疏伐crown thinning, thi

20、nning from above機(jī)械疏伐mechanical thinning綜合疏伐combined method of thinning化學(xué)透光伐 chemical cleaning疏伐強(qiáng)度thinning intensity林分密度控制圖 stand density controldiagram定量疏伐quantitative thinning修枝prunning修干枝dry prunning修活枝green prunning除蘗tiller cutting墾復(fù)improvement of stand condition指深松土、壓青、修枝、除蘗等綜合撫育 , 主要用于經(jīng)濟(jì)林 .森林作業(yè)

21、法silviculturalsystem主伐 harvest cutting,final felling主伐方式system ofcuttings皆伐 clear cutting大面積皆伐large area clearcutting帶狀皆伐clearcuttingin strips小塊狀皆伐clearcuttingin patches擇 extensive selection cuttin漸伐 shelterwood cutting曾用名“傘伐” .預(yù)備伐preparatory cutting下種伐seed cutting受光伐light cutting后伐removal cutting均勻

22、漸伐uniform shelterwood cutting帶狀漸伐strip-shelterwoodcutting塊狀漸伐group-shelterwoodcutting擇伐selection cutting經(jīng)伐 management selection營(yíng)cutting, intensiveselection cutting級(jí) diameter limit selection cutting,g群狀擇伐group-selectioncutting森林種子更新forest regenerationfrom seeds森林無(wú)性更新vegetativeforestregeneration萌芽更新regenerationfrom sprouts根蘗更新regenerationfrom rootsuckers矮林作業(yè)coppice method中林作業(yè)coppice withstandardmethod頭木作業(yè)pollard me