大倫敦政府市政廳大樓_倫敦_英國(guó)

1、THE GREATER LONDON AUTHORITY, CITY HALL BUILDING, LONDON, UK, 2002設(shè)計(jì)：福斯特及合伙人事務(wù)所DESIGN: FOSTER AND PARTNERS2002 年 5 月16 日，成功竣工的市政廳大廈正式遞交給大倫敦政府（Greater London Authority）（，大倫敦: 包含市區(qū)及市郊）。歷經(jīng)8周 的準(zhǔn)備，該市政廳將在7月23日正式交付使用，屆 時(shí)女王陛下將親臨現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，并主持剪彩儀式。市政廳的設(shè)計(jì)采用了適于民主政府的、公眾可 進(jìn)入的和可持續(xù)發(fā)展的設(shè)計(jì)策略。它將容納一個(gè)有25 個(gè)議席的議會(huì)廳、市長(zhǎng)的辦公室和 500 名 G

2、LA 的員工。它是向公眾開(kāi)放的建筑，參觀者可以進(jìn)入 辦公區(qū)域。該建筑坐落于泰晤士河南岸，屬新More London開(kāi)發(fā)區(qū)。新的建筑綜合體，如辦公建筑、商 店、餐館、景觀化的公共活動(dòng)空間，將作為岸邊的 新景象，一改幾十年前的老樣子。一半多的基地面積被劃為公共活動(dòng)區(qū)。這包括 兩個(gè)大型廣場(chǎng)，其尺度同萊切斯特（Leicester）方 形廣場(chǎng)和皮卡迪利（Piccadilly）圓形廣場(chǎng)相近。一 條步行街，將捕捉觀看地標(biāo)建筑 HMS 貝爾法斯特 和倫敦塔（Tower of London）的新角度。一條地 下公路，連結(jié)了新建筑所共享的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，這是整 個(gè)基地步行化的有力保障。廣場(chǎng)、街景和地下公路，共同營(yíng)造了岸

3、邊步行區(qū)的氛圍，24 小時(shí)的開(kāi)放時(shí)間，任由人們享用。 人們可從首層接待處或下沉的圓形廣場(chǎng)步入大樓。下沉的圓形廣場(chǎng)鋪砌著上等的藍(lán)色石灰?guī)r，通 向公共咖啡廳，而成為室外活動(dòng)的理想場(chǎng)所?？Х?廳上方是一個(gè)橢圓形的展示空間，再上便是議會(huì) 廳。經(jīng)過(guò)鏡面剖光的不銹鋼構(gòu)件所組成的同心橢圓 的屋頂圖案，將陽(yáng)光反射至室內(nèi)各處。從此展廳起， 一條 500m 長(zhǎng)的緩坡，蜿蜒上升，經(jīng)歷10 層，而到 達(dá)建筑的頂端。與議會(huì)廳同層的觀景走廊帶著人們 的視線，透過(guò)三角形的玻璃幕，跨過(guò)泰晤士河，遠(yuǎn) 望倫敦塔。從第二層起，坡道進(jìn)入議會(huì)廳，剛剛高于議員 們的頭頂。在坡道上，每走一步都可以欣賞到不斷 變化角度的倫敦，向內(nèi)可以瞥見(jiàn)忙

4、碌工作的GLA的 員工。坡道經(jīng)過(guò)市長(zhǎng)的辦公室，直達(dá)頂部的大空間， 那里叫作倫敦客廳（London Living Room）這間 自然采光的大空間可納200座，作為展示或會(huì)場(chǎng)用。 圍繞其四周的，是倫敦城廣闊的畫(huà)卷。此外，議會(huì) 廳也面向公眾開(kāi)放，有250個(gè)座席預(yù)留給媒體和觀眾，其中也有為輪椅人士而設(shè)的席位。建筑朝向和體型的設(shè)計(jì)，均出于節(jié)約能源的考 慮。其形狀用幾何球體，因?yàn)樗蛇_(dá)最大的容積，而 表面積最少。議會(huì)廳玻璃幕的一面朝北，以減少直 射日光和多余熱量。建筑自身向南探出，于是上層 樓板自然為下層空間擋光、遮陽(yáng)。此外，建筑還裝配了集中環(huán)境調(diào)控系統(tǒng)，以減少 機(jī)械能耗：首先，建筑周邊的辦公室可靠窗下

5、的通風(fēng) 孔自然通風(fēng)；其次，建筑的空調(diào)系統(tǒng)，先用泵道抽取 冰涼的地下水，透過(guò)天花板下的梁進(jìn)行冷卻，從而避 免了有噪音污染和不美觀的屋頂冷卻水裝置。分析結(jié) 果也顯示，使用了上述節(jié)能措施的建筑，同一般使用 空調(diào)系統(tǒng)的辦公建筑相比，機(jī)械能耗減少了3/4。先進(jìn)的計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)和新型結(jié)構(gòu)技術(shù)的引用，使 異形切割成為可能。幕墻的玻璃，每塊的形狀、尺 寸都不一樣。為了獲得更高精確度，數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)自于原 始計(jì)算機(jī)模型，然后由激光切制。還有很多的建筑 構(gòu)件，如地板磚、橡膠踏墊，均由可循環(huán)使用的材 料制成，僅僅30個(gè)月的設(shè)計(jì)和施工工期，建筑按時(shí) 竣工且未超預(yù)算。（程露 譯）1 夜景Night view30 世界建筑6/200

6、2設(shè)計(jì)選例On 16th May the completed City Hallbuilding was handed over to the Greater London Authority. Following an eight-week long fit-out period, the building will be formally opened by Her Majesty the Queen on 23rd July.City Hall has been designed as a model of democracy, accessibility and sustainabil

7、ity. It houses the assembly chamber for the 25 elected members of the London Assembly and the offices of the Mayor and 500 staff of the Greater London Authority. It is a highly public building, bringing visitors into close proximity with the workings of the democratic process. The building is set wi

8、thin the new More London development on the south bank of the Thames, bringing a rich mix of office buildings, shops, cafes and landscaped public spaces to a section of the riverside that has remained undeveloped for decades.More than half of the total site area is given over to public space, includ

9、ing two large piazzas equivalent in size to Leicester Square and Piccadilly Circus. A new streetscape will create dramatic vistas of landmarks such as HMS Belfast and the Tower of London. An underground road, which gives common access to a service infrastructure shared by all the new buildings, has

10、enabled the entire site to be kept completely free of vehicles. This has facilitated the creation of a new, completely pedestrianised public realm along the riverside, which will be accessible24 hours a day.The public may enter the building either at the ground level reception or through a large sun

11、ken amphitheatre, which leads to a public cafe at lower ground level. Paved in high- quality blue limestone, the amphitheatre provides a space for outdoor events. Beyond the cafe is an elliptical exhibition space directly below the assembly chamber. Daylight is2施工中Underconstruction3建筑節(jié)能概念圖Energyconc

12、ept31 世界建筑6/2002public, with 250 seats for press and visitors,including provision for wheel chair users.The building's orientation and form have been designed to save energy. Its shape is derived from a geometrically modified sphere, a form which contains the greatest volume with the least surfa

13、ce area. The glazed facade of the assembly chamber faces north to minimise the amount of direct sunlight falling on it and so minimising solar gain. The building leans back towards the south, where the floor- plates step inwards to provide natural shading for the offices beneath.The building has a h

14、ighly integrated system of environmental controls to minimise its energy use. The perimeter office spaces can be naturally ventilated by opening vents positioned below the windows. The building's cooling system utilises cold ground water pumped up via boreholes from the water table and passed th

15、rough chilled beams in the ceilings, avoiding the need for noisy and unsightly chillers on the roof. Analysis indicates that, as a result of the combination of these energy saving devices, the annual energy consumption for the building's mechanical systems will be approximately a quarter of that

16、 of a typical high-specification air-conditioned officebuilding.Advanced computer modelling techniques and innovative construction techniques have been employed to achieve the geometry. Each of the glazing panels is unique in shape and size. They have been laser-cut with data supplied from the same

17、computer model used to design the building, ensuring a high degree of accuracy. Many of the building elements, including floor tiles and rubber doormats, are made from recycled materials. Designed and built within only 30 months, the building was completed on time and on budget.reflected into this s

18、pace by the ceiling's patternofconcentricellipsesofmirror-polishedstainless steel. From this space a half-kilometre-long, gently rising public ramp coils through all ten stories to the top of the building. At the level of the assembly chamber is a viewing gallery allowing the public dramatic views over the river to the Tower of London through the triangulated glass facade.After level 2 the ramp emerges inside the chamber and continues the rest of its risedirectly above the heads of the electedpol