英語句子成分（課堂PPT）

1、1什么是句子？什么是句子？句子是由詞按照一定的語法結構組成的，句子是由詞按照一定的語法結構組成的，是能表達一個完整概念的語言單位句是能表達一個完整概念的語言單位句子的第一個字母必須子的第一個字母必須大寫大寫，結尾要，結尾要有有？ ！I am a teacher.Are you a student?How beautiful the girl is !2英語英語的基本成分有的基本成分有七七種：種：主語（主語（subjectsubject）、謂）、謂語（語（predicatepredicate）、表語（）、表語（predicativepredicative）、賓語）、賓語（objectobject

2、）、定語（）、定語（attributeattribute）、狀語）、狀語(adverbial) (adverbial) 和補語（和補語（complementcomplement）。英語句子的基本結構可以歸納成英語句子的基本結構可以歸納成五五種基本句型種基本句型. .句子包括哪些成分？句子包括哪些成分？3Nobody went.She became a doctor.The car caught fire.I will write you a long letter.I will let him go. PracticePractice 主 + 謂主 + 謂 + 表主 + 謂 + 賓主 + 謂

3、+ 間接賓語 + 直接賓語主 + 謂 + 賓 + 賓補45主語（主語（subject）: 句子敘述的主體，一般位于句首句子敘述的主體，一般位于句首 The sun rises in the east.（名詞）（名詞） He likes dancing.（代詞）（代詞） Twenty years is a short time in history. (數詞數詞) Fishing is allowed. （動名詞）（動名詞） 6 The rich should help the poor.名詞化的形容詞名詞化的形容詞71.Do exercise is good for your health.2

4、.Eat too much meat is bad for your health.V.不能做主語！不能做主語！8 找出下面句子的主語找出下面句子的主語 1. Our school is not far from my home. 2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you. 3.Cleaning the house needs a lot of time.主語小測主語小測9 單選：單選： 1.Mary with her two daughters _ going to Shanghai for Explo 2010 next month. A. ar

5、e B. was C. is D. were 2._ more exercise does good to your health. A. Do B. Does C. Did D. Doing 3._ is impossible to finish this job before Wednesday. A. That B. This C. It D. They1011謂語（謂語（predicate）:是對主語加以陳述，表示是對主語加以陳述，表示主語的行為或狀態(tài)，常用動詞或者動詞詞組主語的行為或狀態(tài)，常用動詞或者動詞詞組擔任，放在主語的后面。擔任，放在主語的后面。 I love you! The

6、y went to sleep very late last night. He practises running every morning.12 The plane took off at 10 oclock. How often do you go shopping? Why didnt you come back last night?簡單謂語：由一個動詞或動詞短語構成簡單謂語：由一個動詞或動詞短語構成13 Open the door, please! Go and get some water for me. Dont laugh at others! Dont come back

7、 late tonight. 祈使句：祈使句： 1.省略主語省略主語you 2.謂語動詞用原形謂語動詞用原形14找出下列句子的謂語找出下列句子的謂語 I dont like the picture on the wall. The days get longer and longer when summer comes. Do you usually go to school by bus? Did the twins have eggs for their breakfast?15 Tom didnt do his homework yesterday. He is interested i

8、n music. Whom did you give my book to?16 按要求找出下列句子的主謂：按要求找出下列句子的主謂： 1. Trees turn green when spring comes. （主謂）（主謂） 2. He broke a piece of glass. （謂）（謂） 3. Dont get nervous，and help yourself to what you like （主謂）（主謂） 4. Luckily the 1989 earthquake did not happen in the center of town. （主謂）（主謂） 5. Th

9、ere are many people in the hall.（主）（主） 6. Would you please pass me the cup? （主謂）（主謂）主謂小測主謂小測祈使句祈使句,省略主語省略主語you17 1.It is difficult for me _ so much work within one night. Can you help me? A. finish B. finishing C. to finish D. finished 2.John with two of his friends _ to play basketball every Sunday

10、 afternoon. A. go B. went C. goes D.gone單選：單選：Its adj. for sb to do sth.做某事對某人來說是做某事對某人來說是的的 形式主語形式主語真正的主語真正的主語 to finish18 3._ up early, or you will miss the early bus. A. Got B. Get C. Getting D.Gets 4._ up early is good for your health. A. Got B. Get C. Getting D.Gets 5.Wow! The cake tastes _! Ca

11、n I have one more? A. well B. deliciously C. bad D. good 祈使句，謂語動詞用原形祈使句，謂語動詞用原形動名詞做主語動名詞做主語感官動詞感官動詞+adj.1920賓語：賓語：動賓表示行為的對象，放在及物動賓表示行為的對象，放在及物動詞或者介詞之后。動詞或者介詞之后。 I like China. He hates you. How many do you need? We need two We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you I hope to see y

12、ou again. Did you write down what he said? 21 He is afraid of her-his headteacher. Under the snow, there are many rocks. 介詞后面的賓語：介詞后面的賓語：介賓介賓 注意：人稱代詞要用注意：人稱代詞要用賓格賓格 I decided to go with _. A. he B. his C. her D.they E.she22 He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money. 間接賓語間接賓語(sb)+直接賓語

13、直接賓語(sth)： 雙賓雙賓23I think it hard to finish this difficult job before Sunday.形式賓語形式賓語真正賓語真正賓語24 My brother hasnt done his homework. People all over the world speak English. You must pay good attention to your job. How many new words did you learn last class?找出下列句子的賓語找出下列句子的賓語255.Some of the students

14、in the school want to go swimming, how about you?6.The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.7.They made him monitor of the class.8.Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.26表語：表語： 表語說明主語是什么，或者怎么樣，由名詞，表語說明主語是什么，或者怎么樣，由名詞，形容詞，副詞，介詞短語，不定式，動名詞，形容詞，副詞，介詞短語，不定式，動名詞，短語，或者從句充當表語

15、位于短語，或者從句充當表語位于系動詞系動詞后面后面I am a teacher.She is happy.Everybody is here.They are at home now.My job is to teach English.Seeing is believing.27除了除了be 系動詞外，還有一些動詞也可以用作系動詞，系動詞外，還有一些動詞也可以用作系動詞，1)表表感官的動詞感官的動詞:2) 表表轉變變化轉變變化的動詞的動詞:3)表表延續(xù)延續(xù)的動詞的動詞feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem 等。等。become, get,

16、grow, turn, go,等等remain, keep, hold, stay, rest等等。28賓語補足語賓語補足語 在英語中，有些句子只有賓語并不能表達完整的在英語中，有些句子只有賓語并不能表達完整的意思，還必須在賓語后面家上賓語補足語才能表意思，還必須在賓語后面家上賓語補足語才能表達完整的意思達完整的意思它起補充說明賓語干什么，怎么它起補充說明賓語干什么，怎么樣的作用樣的作用 If you let me go, Ill make you king. Leave the door open.We found John out when we arrived. Make yoursel

17、f at home. The boss keeps them working all day.29 挑出下列句中的賓語補足語 She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. He asked her to take the boy out of school. She found it difficult to do the work. They call me Lily sometimes. I saw Mr Wang get on the bus. Did you see Li Ming pl

18、aying football on the playground just now?30狀語狀語 狀語用來修飾動詞，形容詞或副詞它表示狀語用來修飾動詞，形容詞或副詞它表示行為發(fā)生的行為發(fā)生的時間，地點，目的，方式，程時間，地點，目的，方式，程度度He did it carefully.In order to catch up with my classmates, I must study hard.I was born on June 9th 1982 in Guangxi.He is writing with a pen.31定語定語 定語用來修飾名詞或代詞形容詞，代詞，數定語用來修飾名詞

19、或代詞形容詞，代詞，數詞，名詞，介詞短語，不定式，動名詞，分詞，詞，名詞，介詞短語，不定式，動名詞，分詞，從句都可以充當定語從句都可以充當定語 The black bike is mine. Whats your name? A broken vase. I have 5 books. A sleeping boy. They made paper flowers. The boy in the room is Jack. I have something to do. It is a swimming pool.3233英語句子的種類英語句子的種類簡單句簡單句 (simple sentenc

20、e)并列句并列句 (compound sentence)復合句復合句 (complex sentence)34英語句子的基本結構可以歸納成五種基本句型英語句子的基本結構可以歸納成五種基本句型及其擴大、組合、省略或倒裝。及其擴大、組合、省略或倒裝。掌握這五種基本句型，是掌握各種英語句子結構的基礎掌握這五種基本句型，是掌握各種英語句子結構的基礎。一：一： （主謂）（主謂）二：二： （主系表）（主系表）三：三： （主謂賓）（主謂賓）四：四： （主謂間賓直賓）（主謂間賓直賓）五：五： （主謂賓賓補）（主謂賓賓補）35.簡單句簡單句1. Things changed.2. Trees are green

21、.3. We dont beat children.4. He gave his sister the piano.5. I found the book easy. 主 + 謂主 + 謂 + 表主 + 謂 + 賓主 + 謂 + 間接賓語 + 直接賓語 主 + 謂 + 賓 + 賓補36Nobody went.She became a doctor.The car caught fire.I will write you a long letter.I will let him go. PracticePractice 主 + 謂主 + 謂 + 表主 + 謂 + 賓主 + 謂 + 間接賓語 +

22、直接賓語主 + 謂 + 賓 + 賓補37基本句型基本句型 一：一： （主謂）（主謂）主語：可以作主語的成分有名詞，主格代詞，主語：可以作主語的成分有名詞，主格代詞，動詞不定式，動名詞等等。主語一般在句首。動詞不定式，動名詞等等。主語一般在句首。謂語：謂語由動詞構成，是英語時態(tài)、語態(tài)變化謂語：謂語由動詞構成，是英語時態(tài)、語態(tài)變化的主角，一般在主語之后。不及物動詞（的主角，一般在主語之后。不及物動詞（vi.vi.）沒）沒有賓語，形成主謂結構，有賓語，形成主謂結構，如：如：We come.We come.38 （不及物動詞）（不及物動詞）1. Tom gets up. 2. What happene

23、d? 3. It does not matter. 4. They talked. 此句型的句子有一個此句型的句子有一個共同特點共同特點，即句子的謂語，即句子的謂語動詞動詞都能表達完整的意思。這類動詞叫做不及物動詞，都能表達完整的意思。這類動詞叫做不及物動詞，后面可以跟副詞、介詞短語、狀語從句等。后面可以跟副詞、介詞短語、狀語從句等。39基本句型基本句型 二：二： （主系表）（主系表）此句型的句子有一個共同的特點：句子此句型的句子有一個共同的特點：句子謂語動詞謂語動詞都都不能表達一個完整的意思，必須加上一個表明主語不能表達一個完整的意思，必須加上一個表明主語身份或狀態(tài)的表語構成復合謂語，才能表

24、達完整的身份或狀態(tài)的表語構成復合謂語，才能表達完整的意思。這類意思。這類動詞動詞叫做連系動詞。叫做連系動詞。40分兩類：分兩類：等，表情況；等，表情況；等屬另一類，表變化。等屬另一類，表變化。多可用作連系動詞：多可用作連系動詞：look well/面色好面色好, sound nice/聽起來不錯聽起來不錯, feel good/感覺好，感覺好，smell bad/難聞難聞 41 （是系動詞）（是系動詞） （表語）（表語） 1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 2. The food smells good. 3. Everything looks

25、different. 4. He is tall and strong. 5. His face turned red. 42基本句型基本句型 三：三： （主謂賓）（主謂賓）此句型句子的此句型句子的共同共同是：謂語動詞是：謂語動詞，但不能表達完整的，但不能表達完整的意思，意思，即動作的承受者，即動作的承受者，才能使意思完整。這類動詞叫做及物動詞。才能使意思完整。這類動詞叫做及物動詞。43 （及物動詞）（及物動詞） （賓語）（賓語）1. Who knows the answer? 2. I saw a film yesterday. 3. He enjoys reading. 4. He said Good morning. 5. He knows what he should do. 44基本句型基本句型 四：四： （主謂間賓直賓）（主謂間賓直賓）有 些 及 物 動 詞 可 以 有 兩 個 賓 語 ，有 些 及 物 動 詞 可 以 有 兩 個 賓 語 ， e ge g ：givegive/ /buybuy/ /bringbring/ /showshow。這兩個賓語通常一個。這兩個賓語通常一個指人指人( (間