人教版高二英語必修五同步復習全攻略專題5.2重點句型語法剖析(含解析)

1、重點句型語法剖析/三重點句型剖析1. unless引導的條件狀語從句【教材原句】 Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to theburn.除非衣服緊貼在燒傷面上，否則要把衣服脫掉。如果需要的話，可以使用剪刀?！痉椒ㄒ?guī)律】(1)unless 是連詞，意為“除非；如果不”，引導的是一個肯定條件狀語從句，從句有時可以與if not引導的否定狀語從句互換。(2)unless引導的條件狀語從句常用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來意義，主句多用一般將來時。在unless引導的條件狀語從句中，主語和部分謂語有時可以省略。例：The

2、 speed limit for bicycles on campus is 15 mph, unless otherwise posted.校園自行車限速每小時15英里，除非另有公告。We will have a picnic in the park this Sunday unless it rains or it' s very cold.除非下雨或天很冷，否則我們將在本周日去公園野餐。即學即練用ifnot 改寫句子。 Unless you have tried it, you can' t imagine how pleasant it is. I want you t

3、o keep working unless I tell you to stop.【答案】 If you have not tried it, you can' t imagine how pleasant it is. I want you to keep working if I don' t tell you to stop.【解析】本題主要考查條件狀語從句(2)完成句子, you can refer to the dictionary.如果有必要，你可以查字典。 You will fail in French.你要是再不加把勁，法語就考不及格了。 It is known

4、 to all that regularly, you won' t keep fit.眾所周知，除非你經(jīng)常鍛煉，否則身體不會健康?！敬鸢浮?If (it is) necessary unless you work harder unless you exercise【解析】本題主要考查條件狀語從句2. be doing when "正在做這時突然”【教材原句】 John was studying in his room when he heard screaming.約翰正在房間里學習，這時他聽到了一聲尖叫?！痉椒ㄒ?guī)律】be doing when”正在做這時突然"

5、，when為并列連詞，表示“這時；突然”，相當于 and at this/that time 。be about to do when 正要做這時(突然)be on the point of doing when正要做這時(突然)had just done when 剛做完這時(突然)即學即練We the problem when there was a power failure.我們正在討論問題，這時停電了。(2)I was about to give up when my best friend encouraged me to go on.=I my best friend encou

6、raged me to go on.我正要放棄這時我最好的朋友鼓勵我繼續(xù)下去。(3)They three miles when they realized they had left theirIDs at home.他們剛走了三英里，突然意識到他們的身份證忘在家里了?！敬鸢浮縲ere discussing(2)was on the point of giving up when(3)had just covered【解析】本題主要考查be doing when 句型的用法四、重點語法突破省略在英語語言中，為了使語言簡潔明了，重點突出或上下文緊密相連，可以省去某些句子 成分而保持句子愿意不變，

7、這種語言現(xiàn)象稱之為省略。英語中的種種省略有如下情況: (一)簡單句中的省略1.省略主語(1)祈使句中的主語通常被省略如：(You) Open the door, please.(2)其它省略主語多限于現(xiàn)成的說法請開一下門。謝謝你的幫助。b. (It) Doesn't matter. 沒關系。2.省略主謂語或主謂語的一部分如：a. (There is) No smoking.禁止抽煙b. (Is there) anything else?還有其他事嗎?c. (You come) This way please.請這邊走d. (Will you) Have a smoke?抽煙嗎?3.省略

8、謂語a. Who (comes) next? 該誰了 ?b. We ' ll do the best we can (do).我們將盡力而為。4.省略賓語如：Do you know Mr. Li?你認識李先生嗎?I don ' t know (him.)我不認識他。如：a. (I) Thank you for your help.5.省略表語如：一Are you thirsty?你30歲了嗎?Yes, I am (thirsty).是的，我是。6.省略狀語He was not hurt. (How) Strange!他沒有受傷，真奇怪!7.同時省略幾個成分a. Are you

9、feeling better now?你覺得好些了嗎? (I am feeling ) Much better (now)好多了。b. (I wish) Good luck (to you).祝你好運/祝你順利。(二)并列復合句中的省略在并列句中后邊的分句可以省略與前邊分句中相同的成分。如：The boy picked up a coin in the road and (the boy) handed it to a policeman.這個男孩在馬路上拾起一枚硬幣并把他交給了警察。Your advice made me happy but (your advice made) Tom an

10、gry.你的建議使我高興但使湯姆生氣。Tom must have been playing basketball and Mary (must have been) doing her homework.湯姆肯定一直在打籃球，瑪麗一直在寫作業(yè)。(三)主從復合句中的省略1 .狀語從句中的省略一般說來省略現(xiàn)象多出現(xiàn)在下列五種狀語從句中：由 when, while, as, before, after, till, until, once等引導的時間狀語從句；由 whether, if, unless等引導的條件狀語從句；由though, although, even if, whatever等引導

11、的讓步狀語從句；由 as, than 等引導的比較狀語從句；由as, as if, as though等引導的方式狀語從句。上述狀語從句在省略時應遵循下面原則：(1)當狀語從句的主語與主句的主語一致時，可以省略狀語從句的主語和系動詞be,這時從句中可出現(xiàn)如下結構： 連詞(as, as if, once) + 名詞；連詞(though, whether, when) +形容詞；連詞(whether, as if, while) +介詞短語;連詞(when, while, though) +現(xiàn)在分詞；連詞(when, if, even if, unless, once, until, than,

12、as) +過去分詞；連詞(as if, as though) +不定式。如：a. Work hard when (you are) young, or you' ll regret.趁年輕要努力學習，要不然你他到處看似乎在找什這次展覽比被預料的會后悔的。b. He looked everywhere as if (he was) in search of something.么東西。c. The exhibition is more interesting than (it was) expected.有趣的多。注意：當從句的主語和主句的賓語一致時，間或也有這樣的省略，如：Her fa

13、ther told her to be careful when (she was) crossing the street.當她過馬路時父親告訴她要當心。當從句的主語是it ,謂語動詞中又含有系動詞be時，可以把it和系動詞be一起省略。此時構成連詞(if, unless, when, whenever)+形容詞的結構。如：Unless (it is) necessary, you'd better not refer to the dictionary.如果沒有必要,你最好不要查字典。2 .定語從句中的省略(1) 一般說來，在限制性定語從句中，作賓語的關系代詞that, which

14、, whom可以省略;如：Is this reason (that) he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in hiswork?這就是他在會上解釋他工作中粗心的原因嗎？而在非限制性定語從句中作賓語的關系代詞which, whom不可以省略?？梢允?你昨天見到的湯姆病倒 不可以省)湯姆病倒了，你昨天見到試比較： Tom (whom) you saw yesterday fell ill.( whom 了。Tom, whom you saw yesterday, fell ill. (whom 他了。(2)在口語和非正式用語中，關系副詞

15、 when, where和why經(jīng)常用that來代替，甚至還可省 略。如：This is the first time (when/that) he had trouble with the boss.這是他第一次麻煩老板。 當先行詞為表示方式的the way時，從句應該用that或in which 來引導，或省略。如：I don ' t like the way (that/in which) you laugh at her.我不喜歡你嘲笑他的行為。3 .賓語從句中的省略(1)在及物動詞后面所接的賓語從句中，連詞that 一般可以省略；但如果及物動詞后面是由that引導的兩個或兩個

16、以上的并列的賓語從句，那么只有第一個that可以省略。如：I think (that) the reform of the renminbi' s exchange rate is necessary.我認為人民幣兌換率的改革是必要的。(2)由which, when, where, how 和why引導的賓語從句，可以全部或部分省略。如：He wants to move abroad but his parents wonders why (he wants to move abroad).他想搬遷到國外但他的父母想知道為什么。4 .在與suggest, request, order,

17、 advise等詞相關的名詞性從句中，須用虛擬語氣形式“should +動詞原形"，should可以省略。如：Chirac, President of the Republic of France suggested that the China-France CultureYear (should) last long in various forms.法國總統(tǒng)希拉克建議中法文化年以各種各樣的形式長期持續(xù)。5 .主句省略多用于句首。如：(It is a) Pity that I didn' t go to Mary ' s birthday party yester

18、day.很遺憾，我昨天沒有去參加瑪麗的生日聚會。6 .在答語中，主句可全部省略。如： 一Why were you absent from school last Friday? (I was absent from school) Because my mother was ill. 上周五你為什么沒有上學？ 因為我媽媽病了。(四)動詞不定式省略，只保留 to的場合1 .不定式作某些動詞的賓語時，這些動詞常見的有：love, like, care, wish, hope, expect,prefer, refuse, mean, try, oblige, advise, persuade, a

19、gree, want, afford, forget, remember, try, manage 等。如：You can do it this way if you like to.如果你想做，你可以這么做。2 .不定式作某些動詞的賓語補足語或主語補足語時，這些動詞常見的有：ask, tell, advise,force, persuade, wish, allow, permit, forbid, expect, order, warn等。如：The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him

20、not to.那個男孩想在街上騎他的自行車，但他母親不讓。3 .不定式在句中作某些形容詞的狀語時，常見的形容詞有：happy, glad, eager, anxious,willing, ready 等。如： I will be away on a business trip. Could you mind looking after my cat?-Not at all. I ' d be happy to (look after your cat).我要出差，你能幫我照顧一下我的貓嗎？沒關系，我很愿意。4 .不定式作某些復合謂語時，常見結構如：be able to, be goin

21、g to, have to, ought to,used to 等。如：He doesn ' t like fish but he used to.他現(xiàn)在不喜歡吃魚，但過去喜歡。5 .動詞不定式to的省略主語部分有to do ,系動詞is或was時，作表語的不定式通常省去to。如：The only thing you have to do is press the button.你必須做的惟一事情是按按鈕。2 .作介詞but, expect, besides的賓語，前面又有實意動詞do時，不定式通常省去 to。如:In the park, the child had nothing t

22、o do except play with lavish toys, such as the toy theatre, the steam driven train, jack-in-the-boxes and beautiful dolls.在公園里，孩子除了玩玩具劇院、蒸汽火車、盒子里的杰克和漂亮的洋娃娃外，什么也沒做。3 .主語部分暗含to do ,表語中的不定式通常省去to。如：All I want (to do) is go to school and study hard.我想要(做)的就是上學，努力學習。4 .當兩個或多個不定式并列時，其后的不定式符號可以省略，但有對比關系時不可

23、省略。如:It is easier to say than to do.說起來容易，做起來難。5 .在would rather than等結構中，不定式符號常常要省略。如：I would rather stay at home than go to see a film.我寧愿呆在家也不愿去看電影。6 . 在 see, watch, notice, hear, listen to, look at, feel, have, make, let, observe等詞后作賓語補足語時，省略不定式符號to; why (not) do 結構中，不定式不帶to。如：a. I saw her enter

24、the room.我看見她進入了 房間。b. Why not join us?為什么不加入到我們的行列里來呢？(五)其他一些省略結構1 .名詞所有格修飾的名詞，若表示住宅、店鋪、教堂或上下文已暗示或明確指出過的事物時，常?？梢允÷?。如：We spent the weekend at the Mary ' s.我們在瑪麗家過的周末。2 . What和how引導的感嘆句中，?？墒÷灾髡Z it和be動詞。如：What a wonderful victory (it is) for Tom!這對Tom來說是個多么大的勝利呀！How beautiful (it is) to be treated

25、 like a normal child.被當作一個正常孩子對待對他而言是多么美妙的一件事呀。即學即練1. The global warming, if not properly , might lead to more natural disasters.A. was controlledB. controlledC. to controlD. being controlled【答案】B【解析】考查省略口句意：全球變G勖如果不適當控制，可能導致奧多的自然災害。Ifnotpioperlyoonfcolled 是 if it is not properly controlled 的音璐中2. I

26、f you go to Jiuzhaigou Valley today, you' ll find it more attractive than commonlyA. supposingB. supposedC. to supposeD. suppose【答案】B【解析】考查非謂語動詞的用法。suppose與其邏輯主語it是動賓關系，所以用過去分詞形式表被動。3. 一 What do you think made Mary so upset?一 her bicycle.A. As she lostB. LostC. LosingD. Because of losing【答案】C【解析

27、】問句問的是“什么讓 Mary如此不開心？” ，回答應該用名詞或名詞短語或句子，實 際上完整的答語是 losing her bicycle made Mary so upset 。4. 一 You should have thanked her before she left.-I meant, but when I was leaving I couldn' t find her anywhere.D. doing soA. to doB. toC. doing【答案】B【解析】考查省略，一些表示心理活動、情感態(tài)度的動詞或短語,如expect'waiiMapwisliQsliaiekkddekplajjZiiieaii.tiyLuld lik«<be readybe 班aidbe 鼠虱 等后，動詞不定式省 略S后期的動詞部分但保留出。5. Do you think it ' s going to rain over the weekend?.A. I don ' t believeB. I don ' t believe itC. I believe not soD. I believe not【答案】D【解析】考查交際用語?；卮稹拔也贿@么認為"應該用 I believe not 。6. for the free