專題3虛擬語氣

1、專題 3虛擬語氣1虛擬語氣用于條件狀語從句中以下表格是虛擬語氣用于條件狀語從句中時，主句和從句謂語動詞的形式：條件狀語從句主句與過去事實相had + 過去分詞should /would/could/might + have +過反去分詞與現(xiàn)在事實相一般過去時 (be 用 were)would/should/could/might +動詞原形反與將來事實相一 般 過 去 時 /shouldWould/should/cold/might +動詞原形反do/were to do注意 (1) 混合虛擬：當條件狀語從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時間不一致時，動詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時間作相應調

2、整。如：If they had worked hard, they would be very tired now. (從句說的是過去，主句指的是現(xiàn)在 )（ 2）含蓄虛擬：有時假設的情況并不用條件從句表示出來，而是通過介詞短語來表示。如 :Without air (If there were no air), there would be no living things.如果沒有空氣的話，就不會有生物了。But for your help (If it hadn t been for your help) I couldnit. 要是沒有t你have done的幫助，我就不可能完成這件事。有

3、時假設的情況還可以通過上下文或其他方式表現(xiàn)出來。如:I was busy that day. Otherwise I would have gone there with them. (If I hadn t been busythat day, I would have gone there with them.)I would have finishedthe work, but I was ill. (If I hadn t been ill, I would have finishedthe work.)（ 3 ）當條 件 從 句 中 含 有 助 動 詞should/were/had時

4、， 可 以 將if省 掉， 將should/were/had 提到句首， 注意否定詞不跟著提到句首。Should it rain tomorrow, the sports meet would be put off till next week.Had he taken my advice, he would have succeeded.Were it not for the expense, I would go to Britain.*1*2. 虛擬語氣用于名詞性從句（1）虛擬語氣在賓語從句中的運用?！皐ish + 賓語從句 ”表示不能實現(xiàn)的愿望，譯為“要是就好了 ”等。表示現(xiàn)在不能實現(xiàn)

5、的愿望，從句中的謂語動詞用一般過去時 (be 用 were)；表示將來不能實現(xiàn)的愿望，從句中的謂語動詞用“would/could do”；表示過去不能實現(xiàn)的愿望，從句中的謂語動詞用“haddone”或 “could havedone”。如：I wish it were spring all the year round.I wish I had known the answer.I wish I could fly like a bird.在 suggest、advise、propose、demand、require、insistrequest、command、order、recommend

6、等表示建議、要求、命令的動詞后的賓語從句中，謂語動詞用should + 動詞原形 ,should 可省略，但不可用其他詞替代。如：She suggested we (should)leave here at once.The doctor ordered she （ should） be operated.（2）虛擬語氣在同位語從句和表語從句中的運用。在表示建議、要求、命令等的表語從句和同位語從句中，謂語動詞用“（ should） +動詞原形 ”。如：His suggestion that we (should)go to Shanghai is wonderful.His suggestio

7、n is that we (should)go to Shanghai.（3）虛擬語氣在主語從句中的運用。在表示建議、要求、命令等的主語從句中，也要用 “should + 動詞原形 ”的結構，并且 should 也可省略。It will be desired(suggested, decided, ordered, requested, proposed, etc.)that she (should ) finish her homework this afternoon.注意：和建議、要求、命令等相關的一切名詞性從句（賓語從句、同位語從句、表語從句、 主語從句） 都采用 should + 動

8、詞原形的虛擬語氣,should 可省略， 但不可用其他詞替代在表示驚奇、 不相信、 理應如此等的主語從句中，謂語動詞的虛擬語氣用“should+ 動詞原形 ”的結構。如：It is necessary(important, natural, strange, etc.)that we should clean the room every day.*2*It was a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.)that you should be so careless.注意：上句表示對這種事實（so careless）的驚奇，因此用虛擬語氣。但是如果不表示驚奇等情感，那

9、么that 從句也可用陳述句語氣。如：It is a pity that you can t swim.3. 虛擬語氣在其他場合的運用（ 1）虛擬語氣在as if/as though 引導的方式狀語從句中.He treated/treats me as if I were his own daughter.( 謂語 treat 和“是他女兒 ”之間是 同時性，則從句謂語用一般過去時)They talked as if they were friends.(同時性 )They talked as if they had been friends for years. （先時性，用過去完成時）He

10、 said goodbye to us as if he would never come back again.( 后時性，用 would/could + 動詞原形 )注:如果表示的事情可能會發(fā)生，那么方式狀語從句中的謂語動詞可用陳述語氣。(2) even if/even though 從句中 ，表示的動作發(fā)生在過去，用過去完成時；指現(xiàn)在狀況，則用一般過去時；指將來狀況則用would/could +動詞原形。如：Even if she were here, she could not solve the problem.(3）虛擬語氣用于定語從句中。這種從句常用于句型“It is (high

11、)time (that)中 ，定”語從句的謂語動詞用一般過去時 (be 用 were) 或 should + 動詞原形，意思是“(現(xiàn)在 )該 ”。如：It s time thatpickedI up my daughter.It s high time were going.(4）虛擬語氣用在if only 引導的感嘆句中，情況同wish。 如：If only I were a bird.If only I had taken his advice.(5)would rather 后跟句子時，要用虛擬語氣，情況有兩種：和過去事實相反，用過去完成時；和現(xiàn)在或將來相反，用一般過去時,不用 were

12、 代替 was。I d rather I hadn t seen the film yesterday.I d rather you started now.I d rather you went there tomorrow.(6)用 “ may +動詞原形 ”表示 祝愿 、 但愿 ”，此時 may 須置于句首（多用于正式文體中）。如：*3*May you be happy!祝你快樂！May good luck be yours.祝你順利。(7)Be he rich or poor, she will marry him. (Whether he is rich or poor, she w

13、ill marryhim.)虛擬語氣練習1.If I _ where he lived, I _ a note to him.A. knew, will sendB. had known, would have sentC. know, would sendD. knew, would have sent2.If they _ earlier than expected, they _ here now.A. had started, would beB. started, might beC. had started, would have beenD. will start, might

14、have been3.I didn t know his telephone number. , Iitthen.A. Had I known, would ring him upB. Should I know, would have rung him upC. If I knew; would ring him upD. Had I known; would have rung him up4.Mary is ill today. If she _, she _ absent from school.A. were not ill; wouldn t beB. had been ill;

15、wouldnt have beenC. had been ill; should have beenD. hadnt been ill; could be5.Were I to do it, I _ it some other way.A. will doB. would doC. would have doneD. were to do6.I _ him the answer _ possible, but I was so busy then.A. could tell; if it had beenB. must have told; were itC. should have told

16、; had it beenD. should have told; should it be7.Without your help, we_ so much.A. won t achieveB. didn t achieveC. dont achieveD. wouldnt have achieved8.You didnt take his advice. _ his advice, you _ such a mistake.A. Had you taken; wouldnt have madeB. If you had taken; would makeC. Were you lo take

17、; shouldn t have madeD. Have you taken; wont have made9.We wish we _ what you did when we were at high school.A. didB. could have doneC. have doneD. should do*4*10.She wishes she _ to the theatre last night.A. wentB. would goC. had goneD. were going11.Tom is very short now. His mother wishes that he

18、 _ be tall when he grows up.A. couldB. shouldC. wouldD. were able to12.My sister advised me that I _ accept the invitation.A. couldB. mustC. shouldD. might13.He asks that he _ an opportunity to explain why he s refused to go there.A. is givenB. must giveC. should giveD. be given15.I insisted that he

19、 _ at once.A. be goneB. goC. would goD. might go16.Li Ming insisted that he _ anything at all.A. hadn t stolenB. shouldn t stealC. doesn t stealD. steal17.It is quite natural that my coming late again _ them very angry.A. had madeB. would makeC. makesD. make18.He acted as if he _ everything in the w

20、orld.A. knewB. knowsC. has knownD. wont know19.Read it aloud so that I _ you clearly.A. may hearB. will hearC. hearD. have heard20.They got up early in order that they _ they first train.A. caughtB. will catchC. might catchD. shall catch21.I am sorry that he _ in such poor health.A. areB. shall beC.

21、 wereD. should be23.It is high time we _ home.A. will goB. would goC. have goneD. went25.If only I _ to the lecture!A. listenB. will listenC. am listeningD. had listened28.Without electricity, human life _ quite different today.A. isB. will beC. would have beenD. would be37.- Would you have called h

22、er up had it been possible?- Yes, but I _. busy doing my homework.A. wasB. wereC. had beenD. would be*5*38.His tired face suggested that he _ really tired after the long walk.A. had beenB. wasC. beD. should be39.But for the snow, we _ earlier.A. will arriveB. should have arrivedC. arriveD. arrived40

23、. Here ansumbrella in case you _ it.A. should useB. neededC. needingD. to need41.It is natural that he _ his mind.A. changesB. changingC. changeD. to change42. It is a pity Mr. Zhang isn t here. If he _, my parentshappierwould. beA. comesB. has comeC. cameD. had come43._ you succeed and _ you be hea

24、lthy.A. May; mayB. Wish; wishC. Hope; hopeD. Should; may44. It s high time he _ home.A. goesB. wentC. will goD. is going to go45.I hoped _ my letter.A. her to answerB. that she would answerC. that she will answerD. her answering46.I was very busy yesterday, otherwise I _ to the meeting.A. cameB. wou

25、ld comeC. had comeD. would have come47.If she knew as much about music as you do, my daughter _ much better.A. playB. must playC. will playD. would play48. “ Jane wants to see you tomorrow.”“ I would rather she _ today than tomorrow.”A. comesB. should comeC. comeD. came49.The secretary listened care

26、fully _ he might discover exactly what she wanted.A. so as thatB. in caseC. in order thatD. providing50.Supposing the weather _ bad, where would they go?A. will beB. isC. wereD. be51.Without the leadership of the Party, there _ no New China.A. would beB. has beenC. wasD. should be*6*52.The work woul

27、d require that _ at 5 every morning.A. she has been there B. she was thereC. she be thereD . she will be there53. The little hero s pale face suggested he _ dead.A. isB. wasC. should beD. be54.Galileo insisted that the earth _ round the sun.A. should moveB. moveC. movesD. A or B55.The rice _ if you

28、had been more careful.A. wouldn t be burningB. would not burnC. wouldn t have been burntD. would not burnt56._ I known it, I should have told him.A. HaveB. HadC. HavingD. If57.It is necessary that we _ a foreign language.A. must masterB. ought to masterC. masteredD. should master58.My idea is that w

29、e _ to our plan.A. must stickB. ought to stickC. should stickD. will stick2010 年高考英語試題分類匯編 虛擬語氣59.-Sorry, Professor Smith. I didnt finish the assignment yesterday.-Oh, youhave done it as yesterday was the deadline.A. mustB. mustntC. shouldD. shouldnt60.Bob would have helped us yesterday, but he-_A.

30、was busyB. is busyC. had been busy.D. will be busy61.If hemy advice, he wouldnt have lost his job.A. followedB. should followC. had followedD. would follow62.John went to the hospital alone. If heme about it, I would have gone withhim.A. should tellB. tellsC. toldD. had told63. George is going to ta

31、lk about the geography of his country, but I d rather he_on its culture.A. focusB. focusedC. would focusD. had focused64.If we _ the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting.A. takeB. had takenC. tookD. have taken*7*65. -The weather has been very hot and dry.-Yes. If it had rai

32、ned even a drop, things would be much better now! And myvegetables .A. wouldnt dieB. didnt dieC. hadnt diedD. wouldnt have died66 Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy.A would have been savedB had been savedC will be savedD was saved67.I would have helped you, but

33、 I_ really occupied the whole week A wasB amC had beenD were68.But for the storm, we _ a pleasant journey, but had to turn back halfwayA would haveB would have hadC will have Dhad69.Mary failed the driving test again If she _ harder, she _ the test easilyA practiced; would passB had practiced; would passC had practiced; would have passedD should practice; should have passed70. These achievements_ without the contribution of Qian Xuesen, a key leader of the New Chinas nuclear, m