2017人教版中考英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練名詞

1、中考英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)題復(fù)習(xí)二-名詞了解名詞的含義和分類(lèi)及用法 名詞的概念：表示人、事物、地點(diǎn)或抽象概念的名稱(chēng)。如：door, apple, China, air等。名詞分為：_名詞和_名詞兩大類(lèi)。普通名詞又分為_(kāi)名詞和_名詞兩種?？键c(diǎn)一：不可數(shù)名詞1、不可數(shù)名詞包括物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞，它們不能直接和表示數(shù)字的詞或不定冠詞連用，也沒(méi)有_形式。常考的不可數(shù)名詞有：news（新聞）, information（信息）, 建議_, 天氣_, 家庭作業(yè)_, 時(shí)間_, 錢(qián)_, 紙_，音樂(lè)_等。2、不可數(shù)名詞可以借助_來(lái)表示一定的數(shù)量。但也可以用much（許多）, some/any（一些）, a little(一點(diǎn)點(diǎn))

2、,little (幾乎沒(méi)有) plenty of（很多） , a lot of(=lots of)（許多）等修飾不可數(shù)名詞。一則新聞：a piece of news ; 兩瓶水： two bottles of water ; 四條建議_ ; 六張紙_ ；你能借給我一些錢(qián)嗎？Could you lend me_?【中考真題再現(xiàn)】( ) 1. All the _ are made of _ , not plastics. A. glass; glass B. glasses, glass C. glasses , glasses D. glass, glasses( ) 2. Jenny gave

3、 us _ on how to improve English. A. some advices B. many advices C. some advice D. an advice考點(diǎn)二：可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)的幾條規(guī)律1、一般直接加-s: 比如：girl-_ map-_2、以-s, -x, -sh, -ch結(jié)尾的單詞常在詞尾加es: 比如：bus_ brush-_3、以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾變y為i，再加es: 比如： story-_ baby-_4、以-o結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)常有下列2種變化：【口訣：黑人和英雄正在吃士豆和西紅柿。】說(shuō)明：Negro(黑人)，hero(英雄),potato(土豆)，

4、tomato(西紅柿)，這四個(gè)名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，在詞尾加-es。其它以o結(jié)尾的名詞一般加-s,radio_ zoo_ kangaroo_(袋鼠) photo_(照片) kilo_(千克)5、以“f”和“fe”結(jié)尾，一般改 f 或fe 為v,再+es【口決：樹(shù)葉多半自己黃，妻子拿刀去割糧。架后竄出一只狼，就像盜賊逃命忙?！空f(shuō)明：leaf(樹(shù)葉)，half(半)，self(自己)， wife (妻子)，knife(刀子)，shelf(架子)，wolf(狼)，thief(盜賊)，life(生命) 這九個(gè)名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)都要變f或fe為v, 再加-es。比如: leaf_ half _ myself_ wif

5、e_ knife_6、【可數(shù)名詞變復(fù)數(shù)名詞的不規(guī)則變化】1)改變單數(shù)名詞中的元音字母或其它形式。foot_ (腳) tooth-_ (牙齒) goose_ (鵝) woman -_ (女人) man -_ (男人) child -_ (孩子) mouse -_ (老鼠) 與man 和woman構(gòu)成的合成詞，兩部分都要變成復(fù)數(shù)形式。e.g.: woman doctor -women doctors（女醫(yī)生） man drivermen drivers (男司機(jī))2)巧記某國(guó)人單復(fù)數(shù)常有下列三種變化。Chinese (中國(guó)人)- _ Japanese(日本人) -_ 將man 變?yōu)閙en Engl

6、ishman-_ Frenchman-_其余全在后面加s German-_ American-_Indian_Canadian-_Australian-_【口訣：中日友好是一致，英法聯(lián)盟a變e, 余國(guó)詞尾添s?！俊局锌颊骖}再現(xiàn)】( ) 1. They are from _ . Theyre _. A. Germany; Germans B. Germans ; Germany C. German; Germany D. Germany; Germen( ) 2. -Could you take _ for these_? - They are very beautiful. A. any ph

7、otos; tomatoes B. some photos ; tomatoes C. some photos; tomatos D. any photo; tomatoes( ) 3. How many _ are there in the international village? A. Chinese B. Russian C. American D. Germen3)有些名詞只有復(fù)數(shù)形式。_ (人們) _ (褲子) _ (衣服) _ (長(zhǎng)褲) _ (短褲)_ (眼鏡) _ (襪子) _ (鞋子) scissors(剪刀)7、有些名詞雖然以s結(jié)尾卻表示單數(shù)。如：_ (消息，新聞) _（

8、草） _ (政治) _ (物理) 8、即可做可數(shù)名詞也可做不可數(shù)名詞：room“房間”，可數(shù)There are five rooms here.“空間”，不可數(shù)Can you make room for the old woman?chicken“小雞”，可數(shù)I think chickens can swim.“雞肉”，不可數(shù)Help yourself to some chicken.orange“橘子”，可數(shù)There are a few oranges on the tree.“橘子汁”，不可數(shù)Would you like another bottle of orange?experien

9、ce “經(jīng)歷”，可數(shù) It is a wonderful experience to travel to Beijing.“經(jīng)驗(yàn)”，不可數(shù)He has much experience after working so many years.work“作品”，可數(shù)The works of Luxun(魯迅)are very popular.“工作”，不可數(shù)I have a lot of work to do today.exercise“練習(xí)”，可數(shù)Doing morning exercises is good for your health.“鍛煉”，不可數(shù)You must take enou

10、gh exercise.time“次數(shù)”，可數(shù)We have meals three times a day.“時(shí)間”，不可數(shù)Lets hurry! Theres little time left.glass“玻璃杯”，可數(shù)There are two glasses of milk on the table.“玻璃”，不可數(shù)Glass can be made into bottlespaper“報(bào)紙, 試卷”，可數(shù)Please help me hand out the papers“紙張”，不可數(shù)Please give me a piece of paper.01. 】29. What can

11、 I do for you?Err, I want a glass of milk, some bread and_. A. some chickens B. any chickens C. some chicken02. Would you like some _? -Yes, please. Im a little thirsty. A. bread B. meat C. beef D. orange03. If you dont take more _, youll get fat. A. medicine B. exercise C. lessons04. Could you move

12、 over a little and make some _ for me? -Sure, please. A. place B. seat C. room D. ground05. He had something to write down and asked me for _.A. a paper B. some papers C. some pieces of papers D. a piece of paper06. I have _ to do this evening. A. a lot of works B. many work C. a lot of work D. some

13、 works07. Youd better do morning _ every day. Its good to do lots of _.A. exercise, exercise B. exercises, exercise C. exercise, exercises D. exercises, exercises08. Do you like _? -No. I prefer rose, the color of your dress. A. orange B. oranges C. carrot D. carrots9. 名詞做定語(yǔ) 作定語(yǔ)的名詞用單數(shù)（man和woman除外）1.

14、 1）一棵香蕉樹(shù) 五棵香蕉樹(shù) 一位男教師 七位男教師 2）（2010 攀枝花）Its said that more than 100 will attend this meeting in Shanghai.A man teachers B woman teachers C men teachers D womans teachers2. a shoe shop一家鞋店 a bike factory 一家自行車(chē)工廠01. 【2014黔西南州】_ the teachers in their school is about 200 and one fourth of them are _ teac

15、hers. A. A number of; women B. A number of; woman C. The number of; women D. The number of; woman02. 【2013廣西賀州】 What kind of porridge would you like, Alice?I would like _.A. egg porridge B. eggs porridge C. fish porridges D. fishes porridge03. There are three _ assistants in that _ shop.A. women, sh

16、oe B. woman, shoe C. woman, shoes D. women, shoes04. The music made me think of the _ of a running stream（溪流）. A. shout B. noise C. voice D. sound05. 【2014甘肅白銀】The boy didnt sleep well last night because of the _ from the factory. A. voice B. noise C. music D. song06. How well she sings! -Yes, she h

17、as a very sweet _. A. voice B. sound C. noise D. mouth07. Loud noise may cause hearing _ for a short time or even for ever. A. results B. questions C. accidents D. problems08. 【2013山東泰安】23. The food safety is a serious_ in our country. We should try to solve it. A. subject B. program C. problem D. o

18、pinion10“數(shù)詞+名詞單數(shù)” “數(shù)詞+名詞單數(shù)+形容詞”構(gòu)成復(fù)合形容詞，做前置定語(yǔ)“數(shù)詞+名詞單數(shù)”做前置定語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于時(shí)間名詞的所有格形式三天的假期 1 2 六個(gè)月的英語(yǔ)課程1 2 “數(shù)詞+名詞+形容詞”1 一個(gè)8/18/80/11歲的人 2一篇800詞的作文 3.一座30米寬的橋 4.一棟40米高的樓房 11.專(zhuān)有名詞 專(zhuān)有名詞大致五類(lèi)，人名、地名、時(shí)間名、報(bào)刊名、單位團(tuán)體名。比爾.蓋茨 海南 一周七天;十二個(gè)月 中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào) 九年級(jí)一班 考點(diǎn)三：名詞所有格1)名詞所有格用來(lái)表示名詞和名詞之間的所屬關(guān)系。意為：“的”名詞所有格有幾種形式：名詞+s ， 名詞s ，名詞+of+名詞A)表示有生命

19、的東西的名詞所有格，一般在名詞的詞尾加“ s ”，(1)如果詞尾不是以s 結(jié)尾，要加“ ” 這男孩的母親 the _ mother 兒童節(jié) _(2)如果詞尾是以s 結(jié)尾，只加“ ”e.g.: 雙胞胎的房間 the _ bedroom 教師節(jié)_ (3)表示時(shí)間、距離、國(guó)家、地點(diǎn)和自然現(xiàn)象等無(wú)生命名詞的所有格也用“-s”的形式。todays paper 今天的報(bào)紙 two hours rest 兩個(gè)小時(shí)的休息 Its about _ from school to her home every day. 每天從學(xué)校到她家需要十分鐘的走路路程。(4)表示商鋪、某人的家、診所、或餐館等的名詞所有格，其后

20、名詞可以省略。e.g.: at my uncles 在我叔叔的家里 at the doctors 在醫(yī)生的診所里(5)表示一件東西為多人共有，只需在最后一個(gè)人的名字后加s ; 若表示各自所有，則需在每個(gè)名字后都加 s ;e.g.: Alan and Bains computer (共同所有) _ very beautiful. (be) Alans and Bains computers(各自所有） _ very beautiful.(be) (6)表示某一事物與一個(gè)群體的所屬關(guān)系，應(yīng)用表這一群體的名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。e.g.: a womens hat-womens hats 女士帽 a chi

21、ldrens doctorchildrens doctors 兒科醫(yī)生 _ 女子學(xué)校 _男子俱樂(lè)部 _ 運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)B)表示無(wú)生命東西的名詞所有格，一般以“of + 名詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表示。e.g.: (A) 教室的窗戶(hù)_ (B) _ was broken. 房門(mén)壞了。C)雙重所有格結(jié)構(gòu) 即s結(jié)構(gòu)和of結(jié)構(gòu)相結(jié)合。a, an, some, any, no, another, several, this, these, that, those +名詞of +名詞性物主代詞/+名詞的s所有格 比如：我的一個(gè)朋友： a friend of mine（a+名詞+of+名詞性物主代詞）布朗太太的一輛車(chē)： a ca

22、r of Mrs. Browns（a+名詞+of+名詞的s所有格）D）有些名詞用to來(lái)表示所有格。1)the key to the room 房間的鑰匙 2)the answers to the following questions 下面問(wèn)題的答案3) the way to the school 去學(xué)校的路 4）entrance to the theatre 戲院的入口5) a witness to an accident 事故的目擊者 6) a ticket to the match 比賽的票【中考真題再現(xiàn)】( ) 1、The _ was too much for the child to carry. A. boxs steel B. box of a