高考名詞性從句講解及習(xí)題

1、高考名詞性從句講解與練習(xí)一.考綱解讀1. 掌握名詞性從句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)以及在句子中的作用；2. 掌握名詞行從句不同連接詞；3. 弄清名詞性從句與定語(yǔ)從句及狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別。掌握名詞性從句（主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句）的基本結(jié)構(gòu)、意義和功能。1. whether引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句的用法。2 .以what、where、why、how等引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句的用法。3 .區(qū)別并掌握主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句中what和that的用法。4 .抽 象 名 詞 news, fact, order,idea,promise,message,hope,opinion,impr

2、ession, evidence,belief,conclusion, possibility, story, doubt 等后所接的同位語(yǔ)從句。三.考點(diǎn)及命題趨勢(shì)考點(diǎn)： 1.名詞性從句考察重點(diǎn)是連接詞的選用2. 名詞性從句與其他從句的區(qū)別命題趨勢(shì)：名詞性從句重點(diǎn)考查基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)在語(yǔ)境中的運(yùn)用，尤其是what,whether,thatwh-ever,where 等引導(dǎo)的各類名詞性從句四.知識(shí)框架種類作用常用關(guān)聯(lián)詞例句主語(yǔ)從 句在復(fù)合句中做主語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于名 詞，一般置謂語(yǔ)之前，也可用 it作形式主語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)從句放主 句之后that, whether, if, as if, as though, who,

3、 whose, which, how,when,where, why, what, whatever, whoever, whereverWhether he will come or not doesn ' t matter much.Whoever comes here will be welcome.表語(yǔ)從 句在復(fù)合句中做表語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于名 詞，位于系動(dòng)詞之后It looks as if it is going to snow.賓語(yǔ)從 句在復(fù)合句中做賓語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于名 詞He asked me which team could win the game.同位語(yǔ) 從句放在名t之后(news

4、, problem, idea, suggestion, advice, thought, hope, fact 等)表明其 具體內(nèi)容You have no idea how worried we are.The fact that he lied again greatly surprised us.五.引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類：連詞：that （無(wú)任何詞意）whether,if （均表示是否“表明從句內(nèi)容的不確定性）as if ,as though （均表示 好像"，似乎"）以上在從句中均不充當(dāng)任連接代詞：what, whatever, who, whoever

5、, whom,whose, which.whichever,whomever 連接副詞： when, where, how, why不可省略的連詞：1.介詞后的連詞2.引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句的連詞不可省略。That she was chosen made us very happy. We heard the news that our team had won.Whether he will come is not clear.六.主語(yǔ)從句1.概念和引導(dǎo)詞作句子主語(yǔ)的從句叫主語(yǔ)從句。 主語(yǔ)從句通常由從屬連詞 that, whether, if和連接代詞 what, who, wh

6、ich , whatever, whoever 以及連接副詞 how, when, where, why 等詞引導(dǎo)。 that 在句中無(wú)詞義，只起連接作用；連接代詞和連接副詞在句中既保留自己的疑問(wèn)含義、又起連接作用，在從句中充當(dāng)從句的成分。例如：What he wants to tell us is not clear.Who will win the match is still unknown. It is known to us how he became a writer.Where the English evening will be held has not yet been a

7、nnounced.2,主語(yǔ)從句不缺成分用that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised.That he loves the dog is certain.=It is certain that he loves the dog.3. it作形式主語(yǔ)有時(shí)為避免句子頭重腳輕，常用形式主語(yǔ) it代替主語(yǔ)從句作形式主語(yǔ)放于句首，而把主語(yǔ)從句置于句末。It作形式主語(yǔ)的常見(jiàn)句型：(1) It + be + 名詞(pity, shame, wonder news etc) + that 從句(should + V)(2) It

8、+ be + 形容詞 (necessary, important, strange, easy etc)+ that從句 (should) +V(3) It + be + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞 (suggested, advised, ordered, requested, insisted etc) + that 從句(should + V)(4) It +be+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞(said, reported, believed etc)+that 從句(5) It + 不及物動(dòng)詞(seem, occur, happen, remain) + that 從句(should+V) It is a pi

9、ty that you didn't win the game.It is no wonder that he looks like his mother .It is not important who will go.It is still unknown which team will win the match.It is necessary that you should learn something here.It is said that he had gone abroad. It doesn't matter whether you like it It d

10、oes matter that you like it4 .單個(gè)的主語(yǔ)從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如果是兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的主語(yǔ)從句作 主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則用復(fù)數(shù)形式。e.g. What he said has nothing to do with me.What he said and what he did have nothing to do with me.5 .主語(yǔ)從句不可位于句首的五種情況(1) if引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句不可居于復(fù)合句句首。(2) It is said , (reported)結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ)從句不可提前。例如：It is said that President Jingo w

11、ill visit our school next week. ( V)That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. ()x(3) It happens ，It occu飾構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ)從句不可提前。例如：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. ( V)That he failed in the examination occurred to him. ()x(4) It doesn ' t matter how/whethe構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ)從句不可提

12、前。例如：It doesn ' t matter whether he is wrong or not.)(Whether he is wrong or not doesn' t matter. ( x )(5)含主語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句是疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，主語(yǔ)從句不可提前。例如：Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? ( a/)Is that will rain in the evening likely? ()x七.賓語(yǔ)從句1 .定義和引導(dǎo)詞 名詞句用作賓語(yǔ)的從句叫賓語(yǔ)從句。引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣，在

13、句中可以作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或介詞及非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)。(1)作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)a.由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句(that通?？梢允÷?，例如：I heard that be joined the army.b.由what, whether (if)引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，例如：1) She did not know what had happened.2) I wonder whether you can change this note for me.c.動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)從句。例如：She told me that she would accept my invitation.(2)作介詞的賓語(yǔ)例如： Our su

14、ccess depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.(3)作形容詞的賓語(yǔ)例如：I am afraid (that) I ' ve made kem istaThat引導(dǎo)的從句常跟在下列形容詞后作賓語(yǔ)：Anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, sati

15、sfied, content 等。也可以斗各止匕 類詞后的that從句的看作原因狀語(yǔ)從句。2 .由連接詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句(1)由連接詞that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，that在句中不擔(dān)任任何成分，在口語(yǔ)或非正式 的文體中常被省去，但如從句是并列句時(shí)，第二個(gè)分句前的that不可省。例如：e.g. She told me (that) she would accept my invitation.2 2) 在 demand、order、suggest decide、insist, desire, request, command, doubt 等表示要求、命令、建議、決定等意義的動(dòng)詞后，賓語(yǔ)從句常用

16、“(should) +動(dòng)詞原形”。例如：e.g. I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我堅(jiān)持要她自己工作。(3)that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句一般不能從當(dāng)介詞的賓語(yǔ)，但可以作except, but, besides, in的賓語(yǔ)e.g. He differed from his classmates in that he devoted his spare time to reading.3 .用 who, whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, wh

17、ichever 等關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句相當(dāng)于特殊疑問(wèn)句，應(yīng)注意句子語(yǔ)序要用陳述語(yǔ)序。例如：e.g. I want to know what he has told you.4 . it作形式賓語(yǔ)(1)如果賓語(yǔ)從句后還有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，則必須用 it作形式賓語(yǔ)，而將賓語(yǔ)從句后置，并且that也不能省略。e.g. We make it clear that we can do it well.(2)除了 except, but, besides, in等介詞，其他介詞后要用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，把真正的賓語(yǔ)從句后置。e.g. You may depend on it that I shall always

18、help you.(3) 動(dòng)詞 think, believe, consider, suppose it +adj.+ 從句 e.g. I think it important that we learn English.(4)表示情感類的動(dòng)詞like, hate, appreciate等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句用it作形式主語(yǔ)。e.g. I appreciate it that you can help me with my English.5 .think, believe, imagine, suppose等等動(dòng)詞引起的否定性賓語(yǔ)從句中，要把上述主句中的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄊ健＜磳木渲械姆穸ㄐ问揭频街?/p>

19、句中。e.g. We don' t think you are here.注意：hope不可以否定前移。e.g. I hope that they won't run into the trouble.6 .注意賓語(yǔ)從句中的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)，當(dāng)主句動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句根據(jù)自身的句子情況，而使用 不同時(shí)態(tài)。例如：e.g. I know (that) he studies English every day.(從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))I know (that) he studied English last term.(從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí))I know (that) he will study En

20、glish next year.(從句用一般將來(lái)時(shí))I know (that) he has studied English since 1998.(從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))當(dāng)主句動(dòng)詞是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)(could, would除外),從句則要用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)如一般過(guò)去時(shí)， 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)等；當(dāng)從句表示的是客觀真理，科學(xué)原理，自然現(xiàn)象，則從句仍用 現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。例如：e.g. The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America .7 .后邊不能直接跟that從句的動(dòng)詞這類動(dòng)詞有 Allow, refuse, let, like, cause, for

21、ce, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。這類詞后可以用不定式或動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，但不可以用that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。e.g. I admire their winning the match. ( V) I admire that they won the match. ( )x8 .不可用that從句作直接賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有些動(dòng)詞不可用于動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+ that從句 結(jié)構(gòu)中，常見(jiàn)的有envy, order, accuse, refuse,impress, forgive, blame, denounce,

22、advise, congratulate 等。e.g. He impressed the manager as an honest man. (/)He impressed the manager that he was an honest man. ( )x八.表語(yǔ)從句1 .表語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中作主句的表語(yǔ)。一般放在主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(連系動(dòng)詞)之后，引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的詞有連詞 that, whether, as if/though , because;代詞 who, what, which;副詞 when, where, how, why 等。2 .系動(dòng)詞表系動(dòng)詞種類列舉狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞be持續(xù)系動(dòng)詞ke

23、ep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand表象系動(dòng)詞seem, appear, look感官系動(dòng)詞feel, smell, sound, taste變化系動(dòng)詞become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run終止系動(dòng)詞prove, turn out表達(dá)"變成"，"證實(shí)"3.其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語(yǔ) +系動(dòng)詞+ that從句。例如：e.g. The fact is that we have lost the game.事實(shí)是我們已經(jīng)輸了這場(chǎng)比賽。That' s just what I wan

24、t.這正是我想要的。This is where our problem lies. 這就是我們的問(wèn)題所在。That is why he didn ' t come to the meeting.那就是他為什么不到會(huì)的原因。It looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。4 .當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是reason時(shí)，表語(yǔ)從句要用that引導(dǎo)而不是because Because可以引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，用于：that/this is because 例如：e.g. The reason why he was late was that he missed the trai

25、n by one minute this morning .This is because he missed the train by one minute.5 .whether可引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，但與之同義的if卻通常不用于引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。e.g. The question is whether you should accept the invitation. 九.同位語(yǔ)從句1 .概念：同位語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明其前面的名詞的具體內(nèi)容。同位語(yǔ)從句通常由that引導(dǎo)，可用于同位語(yǔ)從句的名詞有advice、 demand、 doubt、 fact、 hope、 idea、 information、 messa

26、ge news、order、 problem> promise> question> request suggestion、 truth> wish、 word 等抽象。e.g. The news that we won the game is exciting. 我們贏得這場(chǎng)比賽的消息令人激動(dòng)。I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什么時(shí)候回來(lái)。The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill.他想到可能瑪麗生病了。2 .引導(dǎo)詞的注意點(diǎn)：(1)

27、連詞that只起引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的作用，在中不作成分，但也不能省。e.g. There is no doubt that he won the game .(2) whether, how, what, who ,where, etc 也可以引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句 e.g. I am in doubt whether I should agree to the plan.1 gave the girl a big doll, exactly what she longed to have.十.That與what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句時(shí)的區(qū)別That和what都可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，但that是連接詞，本身無(wú)詞義

28、，僅起連接作用，不在從句中充當(dāng)任何成分。連接詞 that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)不能省略。但在非 正式英語(yǔ)中，當(dāng)that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句作賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)時(shí)，that可以省略。What是連接代詞，不僅引導(dǎo)名詞行從句，而且在從句中充當(dāng)一定的成分，如主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，不能 省略。e.g. That he stole a bike was true.The important thing is what you do, but not what you say.H一. Whether和if引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句的區(qū)別：1. whether和if均可以引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，常可互換。但從句中有or not時(shí)，從句作介詞

29、以及discuss的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句中只能用whether連接。e.g. He asked me if/whether I could attend the meeting.I don ' t care about whether you have money or not.2. 在主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句中只能用whether 連接，不用if。e.g. Whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.3. Whether 常與 or 連用表示一種選擇，但if 不能這么用；whether 也可以與動(dòng)詞不定式

30、連用，但 if 不能。e.g. I haven t decided whether to go or not.4. whether 可引導(dǎo)一個(gè)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，而if 不能。e.g. Whether he comes or not, we will begin our party on time.十三 .doubt 用于肯定結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，后面用 whether/if 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句；用于否定結(jié)構(gòu)或疑問(wèn)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，后面用that 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。be sure 用于肯定句或疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，后接that 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句；用于否定句時(shí)，后接whether/if 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句。e.g. We doubt wheth

31、er/ if he can win the game.I m not sure whether they will come or not.十四 . wh-ever 與“ no matter + 疑問(wèn)詞”的區(qū)別wh-既可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句由可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句；而“ no matter +疑問(wèn)詞”只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。e.g. Whatever I said, he wouldn t listen to.= No matter what I said, he wouldn t listen to.（ 讓步狀語(yǔ)從句）He would believe Whatever I said. （ 賓語(yǔ)從句）

32、另外，在whoever, whatever, whenever, wherever 中，ever 起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用，意為“究竟，到底”。e.g. Wherever have you been? 你究竟去哪里了？十五 . 同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別1. 從意義上講，同位語(yǔ)從句是對(duì)名詞加以補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，定語(yǔ)從句是對(duì)名詞性進(jìn)行修飾限定。2. 從結(jié)構(gòu)上講，同位語(yǔ)從句一般由連接詞引導(dǎo)，定語(yǔ)從句由關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)。3. 從內(nèi)涵上講，同位語(yǔ)從句所說(shuō)明的名詞與從句沒(méi)有邏輯關(guān)系，定語(yǔ)從句所限定的名詞時(shí)從句的邏輯主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等。4. 引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的連詞不可省略，而引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)?？墒÷?。5. 同位

33、語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明的名詞大都是抽象名詞，而定語(yǔ)從句所修飾、限定的名詞則沒(méi)有限制。e.g. The news that won the match is true. （同位語(yǔ)從句）The news that you told us yesterday is true.（ 定語(yǔ)從句）十四 . 高考真題1. （ 2010，江蘇）I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays. Thats I don t agree. You should have a more active life.A. where B. how

34、 C. when D. what解析： A 句意：在周日，我更喜歡整天待在屋里聽(tīng)音樂(lè)。那就是我不同意的地方，你應(yīng)該過(guò)一種更加積極的生活。本題考查表語(yǔ)從句。agree 為不及物動(dòng)詞，其后不能直接加賓語(yǔ)，故排除what; when 表時(shí)間，how 表示方式，where 表示具體地點(diǎn)或抽象地點(diǎn)。根據(jù)句意可知此處應(yīng)用where 引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。2. Before the sales start, I make a list of my kids will need for the coming season.A. that B. what C. how D. which解析： B 句意：在購(gòu)物之前，我先

35、列一張孩子們?cè)谙聜€(gè)季節(jié)所需要的東西的清單。本題考查賓語(yǔ)從句。本題中，賓語(yǔ)從句缺少賓語(yǔ)，且表示“物”，故用 what 引導(dǎo)。3. （ 2010，北京）some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others.A. Whether B. What C. That D. How解析： B 句意：一些人認(rèn)為是劣勢(shì)的東西而另外許多人則會(huì)把它當(dāng)作優(yōu)勢(shì)。本題考查主語(yǔ)從句。從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞regard 后面缺少賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用what 來(lái)作賓語(yǔ)并引導(dǎo)從句。4. （ 2010, 全國(guó)）Have you finished the book? No.

36、 I ve read up to the children discover the secret cave.A. which B. what C. that D. where解析： D 句意：你讀完那本書(shū)了嗎？沒(méi)有，我已經(jīng)讀到孩子們發(fā)現(xiàn)秘密山東的地方了。本題考查賓語(yǔ)從句作介詞賓語(yǔ)。賓語(yǔ)從句中不缺少主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，故排除A, B, C 三項(xiàng)。5. To improve the quality of our products, we asked for suggestionshad used the products.A. whoever B. who C. whichever D. which解析

37、： A 句意：為提高產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量，我們向用過(guò)此產(chǎn)品的人征求意見(jiàn)。本題考查名詞性從句。這里 whoever （=anyone who）引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，而且在從句中作主語(yǔ)。who引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，意為“誰(shuí)”，故被排除；whichever 表選擇；which 指“哪一個(gè)”。6. （ 2009，江蘇）Many young people in the West are expected to leavecould be life s mostimportant decision marriagealmost entirely up to luck.A. as B. whom C. which D. what解析

38、： D 句意： 許多西方年輕人都期望把人生最重要的決定婚姻 幾乎都?xì)w因?yàn)檫\(yùn)氣。句中 what could be life s most important decision marriage 作 leave 的賓語(yǔ)。 what 在賓語(yǔ)從句中既起連接詞的作用，又在句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)。7. （ 2009，安徽）A good friend of mine from I was born showed up at my home rightbefore I left for Beijing.A. how B. whom C. when D. which解析： C 句意：在我正要?jiǎng)由砣ケ本┣?，我幼時(shí)的一個(gè)號(hào)朋

39、友來(lái)我家里了。從句意分析，選擇when 表示從我出生時(shí)就是我的一個(gè)好朋友。8. It is obvious to the students they should get well prepared for their future.A. as B. whichC. whether D. that解析： D 句意：顯然，學(xué)生們應(yīng)該為他們的未來(lái)做好充分的準(zhǔn)備。that 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，在從句中不作句子任何成分，It 是形式主語(yǔ)。9. （ 2009，陜西）The how to book can be of help to wants to do the job.A. whoB. whomever C

40、. no matter who D. whoever解析： D 句意：指南類的書(shū)堆想從事這項(xiàng)工作的任何人都會(huì)有幫助。本題考查賓語(yǔ)從句。首先排除C 項(xiàng)， no matter who 只能引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句；who 表特指；whomever 與 whoever 同樣可以表示任何人，但設(shè)空處需作并與從句的主語(yǔ)，所以排除B 。10. （ 2009， 江西） The fact has worried many scientists the earth is becoming warmer andwarmer these years.A. what B. which C. that D. though解析： C 句意：近些年來(lái)全球氣候不斷變暖，這一事實(shí)使得許多科學(xué)家感到擔(dān)憂。本題考查同為語(yǔ)從句。同位語(yǔ)從句結(jié)構(gòu)完整，故選用連詞that。名詞性從句練習(xí)1. Watch out! 無(wú)論誰(shuí)被轉(zhuǎn)smoking here shall be fined at once. （caught）2. 校長(zhǎng)親自參加the open ceremony gav