姜-英語不定式、動名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞

1、非謂語動詞 語法講解Jiang Mei非謂語動詞的類型:Infinitive 不定式不定式Gerund 動名詞動名詞Participle 分詞分詞Structure : to be doneInfinitive:to doNegative (否定否定): not to doPassive voice:(1). 主語主語 Subject不定式作主語時不定式作主語時,往往放在謂語之后往往放在謂語之后,用用it作形式主語作形式主語.To get enough sleep at night is important.It_.It is adj. (for sb) to do sth.It is + a

2、 pleasure/an honor/a pity to do.It takes sb +time to do.is important to get enough sleep at night1.吸煙對你來說是不好的。It is not good for you to smoke. 2.和你一起共進(jìn)晚餐很愉快。It is a pleasure to have dinner with you.It only took two years to complete the project.3.完成這項(xiàng)工程只花了二年時間。鞏固練習(xí)1(2). 表語表語 PredicativeMy jobYour ta

3、sk _(努力學(xué)習(xí)努力學(xué)習(xí)).is to study hardTo see is to believe.to teach you English.These days everyone wants to get rich fast.(3) 賓語賓語 Object常用動詞不定式作賓語的動詞有常用動詞不定式作賓語的動詞有:fail, happen, mean, wish, hope, decide, refuse, offer, learn, agree，etc.+ to dolike to domanage to dothink considerfind make feel形式賓語形式賓語4.我

4、希望很快收到你的信。I hope to hear from you soon.5.我決定不留下來。I decided not to stay.6.學(xué)生們認(rèn)為玩電腦游戲很有趣。Students thought_.7.她覺得沒有沒有必要和他辯論。 She thought it unnecessary to argue with him.it interesting to play computer games.it + adj.+ to do 鞏固練習(xí)2The teacher told me to clean the blackboard.(4). 賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ) Complement五看五看 watc

5、h see look at observe notice三三使使 let make have 二聽二聽 listen to hear一感覺一感覺: feel當(dāng)遇到下列動詞時當(dāng)遇到下列動詞時,不定式省略不定式省略to: allow, cause, ask, advise, expect, force, permit, persuade, tell, want, warn, teach等等. 醫(yī)生建議他去南方醫(yī)生建議他去南方.The doctor advised him to go to the south.sb to doI made him do his work.He _by me.See

6、sb do sth-sb be seen to doHe was seen _ from the tree and get hurt.A.fall B. to fall C. falling D. fallen改錯: He was heard talk to his mother for an hour.to talkwas made to do his work(5). 定語定語 Attributive (如果不定式中的動詞是不及物動詞如果不定式中的動詞是不及物動詞,則不定式中要有介詞則不定式中要有介詞.)He is looking for_.（一間可以住的房子）There is nothi

7、ng_.*我想要幾本書在旅途中看。Id like_.a few books to read during the journey-What do you think of the school?-It is a very good _.A. school to study in B. school for children to studyC. studying school D. school to studyto worry aboutThe topics to be discussed at tomorrows meeting is concerned about the Olympic

8、s 2008.（沒有什么可擔(dān)心的沒有什么可擔(dān)心的）a room to live inI came here .He got up early to catch the train.(6) 狀語狀語 Adverbialin order to , so as to ,1.1.表目的表目的2.表原因表原因We were very excited to hear the news.3.表結(jié)果表結(jié)果This room is big enough to hold us.enoughto, tooto, only to, etc.He lifted a rock only to drop it on his

9、 own feet.1. 作主語作主語2. 作表語作表語3. 作賓語作賓語4. 作賓語補(bǔ)足語作賓語補(bǔ)足語5. 作定語作定語6. 作狀語作狀語在句中承擔(dān)的成分在句中承擔(dān)的成分:主動語態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)進(jìn)行式進(jìn)行式完成式完成式完成進(jìn)行式完成進(jìn)行式Tense and Voice （時態(tài)與語態(tài)） to be doing to have done to have been done - to have been doing-(1).They pretended not to see us.(2). He pretended to be sleeping. (3).She pretended to

10、 have known it before.( (一般式表示與謂語的動作同時一般式表示與謂語的動作同時/ /發(fā)生在它之后發(fā)生在它之后.).)( (在謂語動詞發(fā)生的同時在謂語動詞發(fā)生的同時, ,不定式的動作也正在進(jìn)行不定式的動作也正在進(jìn)行) )( (完成式表示動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前完成式表示動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前) )who, which, when, how, what,whom,whether who, which, when, how, what,whom,whether 等連用，等連用，在句中起名詞作用，可充當(dāng)主語、表語、賓語等。在句中起名詞作用，可充當(dāng)主語、表語、賓語等。我不知道是否要

11、接受邀請。我不知道是否要接受邀請。I dont know whether to accept the invitation or not.(賓語賓語)How to solve the problem is very important.(主語主語)如何解決這個問題很重要如何解決這個問題很重要。我的問題是什么時候開始。我的問題是什么時候開始。My question is when to start.( (表語表語) )不定式與疑問詞連用不定式與疑問詞連用: (eat, give up, finish, explain, tell)1.My teacher was made _ his teach

12、ing because of poor health. to give upexplaining/to be explainedto be finishednot to eat3.We find it impossible for the work _ ahead of time.4.The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation.2.The sentence wants_once more.5.I meant _ you about it, but I forgot to do so.to have told 不定式作定語時，應(yīng)放

13、在不定式作定語時，應(yīng)放在被修飾詞的后面被修飾詞的后面，而，而且放在其他后置定語之后。且放在其他后置定語之后。1. 不定式做定語與所修飾的詞之間有不定式做定語與所修飾的詞之間有三種三種關(guān)系：關(guān)系：v(1)動賓關(guān)系動賓關(guān)系 vI have a lot of work to do. v(2)主謂關(guān)系主謂關(guān)系 vHe is always the first to come. v(3)同位關(guān)系同位關(guān)系vWe all have a chance to go to college.v1.To see you is glad. =Its glad to see you. v2.I want to see yo

14、u.v3.I want him to see you. v4.My hope is to see you.v5.He is the man to see you.v6.Im glad to see you.v7.I went to see you.v8.He went so early as to see youv9. To tell you the truth, I dont agree with you.v10. How to solve this problem is very important.（作主語）（作主語）(作賓語）作賓語）（作賓補(bǔ)）（作賓補(bǔ)）(作表語）作表語）（作定語）（作

15、定語）（作原因狀語）（作原因狀語）（作目的狀語）（作目的狀語）（作結(jié)果狀語）（作結(jié)果狀語）獨(dú)立成分獨(dú)立成分和疑問詞連用和疑問詞連用Gerund一一. Structure： doing Negative： not doing二二. 時態(tài)和語態(tài)時態(tài)和語態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)ing 一般式一般式完成式完成式makinghaving made(不作定語）不作定語）being madehaving been made(不作定語不作定語三三. 在句中承擔(dān)的成分在句中承擔(dān)的成分:1. 作主語作主語2. 作賓語作賓語3. 作定語作定語4. 作表語作表語Collecting information is very

16、important to business.1.作主語作主語:Seeing is believing. e.g. -What made him so unhappy?-_ the ticket for the football match. Having been lost B. Lost C. Because of losing D. LosingKey : _DLosing the ticket for the football match made him so unhappyv對著打翻了的牛奶哭是沒用的。vCrying over the spilt milk is no use.vIt

17、 is no use crying over the spilt milk.v類似的還有：vIt is no good doing sth.vIt is no use doing sth.I enjoy learning English.How about meeting outside the theatre?2.作賓語作賓語: Vt. Prep.+doing下列動詞通常用下列動詞通常用ing形式作賓語形式作賓語：vadmit, appreciate, deny, resist, stand, imagine, suggest, mind, finish, enjoy, keep, prac

18、tise, miss, avoid, delay, excuse, escape, consider, cant help, 等。等。如:1） 你介意我在這兒抽煙嗎? Would you mind my smoking here ? 2）這女孩被告知每天練習(xí)三個小時的鋼琴. The girl was told to practise playing the piano for three hours every day 3） Good news keeps coming. 下列下列V.+prep.通常用通常用ing形式作賓語形式作賓語,尤其注意介詞尤其注意介詞tove.g. insist on

19、, prevent from, depend on, feel like, be fond of, succeed in, be proud of, excuse for , apologize for, look forward to, object to , be used to, be opposed to, etc. Prep. 后通常用后通常用ing形式作賓語形式作賓語.ve.g. The boy stood still without _ (dare) to raise his head because of _ (break) a vase.daringhaving broken

20、3.作表語作表語vMy hobby is collecting stamps and fishing.vHis job is teaching.Whats the difference between them?Im fishing.My hobby is fishing.動名詞動名詞現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞4.作定語作定語:va walking stickvA swimming poolvA sleeping car區(qū)別區(qū)別The walking manThe swimming girlThe sleeping boy動名詞修飾名詞表動名詞修飾名詞表示名詞的功能示名詞的功能現(xiàn)在分詞修飾名詞表現(xiàn)在分詞

21、修飾名詞表示該名詞所處的狀態(tài)示該名詞所處的狀態(tài)Gerund的邏輯主語的邏輯主語:vTom insisted on coming to the party.vTom insisted on my coming to the party.v我?guī)缀鯚o法想象我?guī)缀鯚o法想象peter在五天內(nèi)橫渡大西洋在五天內(nèi)橫渡大西洋.vI can hardly imagine Peter sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.動名詞表示被動意義:v在動詞或詞組need, want, require, be worth, deserve, etc. 后的動名詞表示

22、被動意義:vYour composition needs improving.vYour composition needs to be improved.vThe book is worth reading a second time.vThe book is worthy to be read/of being read a second time.非謂語動詞的類型:Infinitive 不定式不定式Gerund 動名詞動名詞Participle 分詞分詞-ing 分詞分詞-ed 分詞分詞 -ing分詞分詞(以以make為例為例 )-ed 分詞分詞主動語態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般式一般

23、式完成式完成式主動語態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般式一般式 完成式完成式Having mademakingbeing madeHaving been mademadeXXX分詞在句中承擔(dān)的成分分詞在句中承擔(dān)的成分:v由于分詞具有由于分詞具有形容詞性和副詞性形容詞性和副詞性,在句在句子中不能充當(dāng)具有名詞特征的子中不能充當(dāng)具有名詞特征的主語和主語和賓語賓語. 成份類別主主語語賓語賓語定語定語表語表語補(bǔ)語補(bǔ)語狀語狀語現(xiàn)在分詞 過去分詞 1.作定語作定語-the sun which is rising-ing分詞和分詞和-ed分詞修飾名詞有分詞修飾名詞有前置位前置位&后置位后置位.1. the

24、 rising sun 2. He is a retired worker.-He is a worker who has already retired.e.g.v3. The problem bothering us is the lack of money.v4. These are goods imported from Japan. 前置位前置位:后置位后置位v- The problem (which is) bothering us is the lack of moneyWhats the difference between -ed and ing participle?-in

25、g分詞表示分詞表示“進(jìn)行進(jìn)行” -ed分詞表示分詞表示“完成完成”-ing分詞表示分詞表示“主動主動”-ed分詞表示分詞表示 “被動被動”主動主動進(jìn)行進(jìn)行被動被動完成完成在時態(tài)上在時態(tài)上:在語態(tài)上在語態(tài)上:- These are goods (which were) imported from Japan. Exercises : vThe _(work) people have played a great role in the activity. vI dont like _(can) food , I prefer something fresh . workingcannedv1.

26、站在她媽媽旁邊的那個女孩站在她媽媽旁邊的那個女孩看上去很膽小。看上去很膽小。vThe girl_ by her mother looked very timid. v2. 最近到處最近到處在議論的話題在議論的話題都與都與2008年奧運(yùn)會有關(guān)。年奧運(yùn)會有關(guān)。v vThe topics _ everywhere recently is concerned about the Olympics 2008 .who was standingstandingbeing discussedwhich are being discussedWhats the difference?1. The topics

27、 being discussed everywhere recently is concerned about the Olympics 2008. to be discusseddiscussed進(jìn)行進(jìn)行完成完成將來將來2. The topics _(discuss) at tomorrows meeting is concerned about the Olympics 2008.3. The topics _ (discuss) at yesterdays meeting was about the Olympics 2008.鞏固練習(xí)一鞏固練習(xí)一v用所給動詞的正確形式填空：v1)The

28、 man_ (question) in the police station now is a spyv2)A man_ (respect) others will be respectedv3)Half of the guests _(invite) to the conference were foreigners.v4)The matter _(discuss) is very importantv5.被汽車撞傷的小孩被汽車撞傷的小孩馬上被送到了醫(yī)院。馬上被送到了醫(yī)院。 vThe boy was sent to the hospital immediately.v6.每天給我辦公室送郵件

29、的人給我辦公室送郵件的人是位退休工人是位退休工人.vThe man every day is a retired worker .injured by the cardelivering mails to my officevThe glass is broken.vThe food smells inviting .2.作表語作表語vWhat he said sounds_ (convince). vHe was _(interest) in what he learned in Canada and he thought everything in Canada was _(interes

30、t)convincinginterestedinteresting這道菜香味怡人。這道菜香味怡人。Please fill in the blank with the verb given：使信服v類似情況還有：surprising surprised, v exciting excited, v tiring tired , v disappointing disappointed, v encouraging encouraged ，v amazed amazing , v bored boring , v pleasing pleased, v astonishing astonished

31、. v-ed 分詞分詞vSb. + Link.v + -ed分詞分詞v-ing分詞分詞 vSth. + Link.v + -ing分詞分詞 人的感覺人的感覺事物本身的特點(diǎn)事物本身的特點(diǎn)鞏固練習(xí)二鞏固練習(xí)二v用所給動詞的-ed 或ing形式填空：v1)The journey was quite_(tire)v2)The result of the exam made me _ (disappoint)v3)This was really an _moment(excite)v4)His _look suggested that he didnt understand it(puzzle)v5)H

32、e seemed quite _at the idea. (delight)v6)The present situation is _(encourage)vThey caught him cheating in the mid-term examinationvHe was caught cheating in the mid-term vexamination.vYou cant leave the workshop with the machine running.3.作補(bǔ)語作補(bǔ)語1.賓語補(bǔ)足語賓語補(bǔ)足語2.主語補(bǔ)足語主語補(bǔ)足語3.介詞賓語補(bǔ)足語介詞賓語補(bǔ)足語vFill in the b

33、lank:v1.He was surprised to find his room thoroughly _.(clean)v2.Last night I saw him _(play) the violin with his eyes _(shut).“被動被動”“主動主動”More exercisescleanedplayingshut“被動被動”vI heard my sister _ that song in English outside. (sing) They once heard the song _ in English. Mother heard her kid _ the

34、 door . vMother heard the door _. (open)vWith the test _(finish), we began to analyze the result.vWe _ during our last meeting.我們留下了很多問題沒解決.vWould you please speak louder so as to _? A. make you hear B. make yourself hear C. make you heard D. make yourself heardleft a lot of problems unsolvedDsingin

35、gsungopeningopened鞏固練習(xí)三鞏固練習(xí)三finished分詞作狀語，分詞作狀語，修飾謂語修飾謂語，大多說明動作發(fā)生，大多說明動作發(fā)生的背景或情景，表示的背景或情景，表示時間、條件、原因、讓時間、條件、原因、讓步、伴隨情況步、伴隨情況等。一般說來，這一結(jié)構(gòu)的等。一般說來，這一結(jié)構(gòu)的邏邏輯主語輯主語是是主句的主語主句的主語,而句子本身可與而句子本身可與狀語狀語從句從句等句型轉(zhuǎn)換。等句型轉(zhuǎn)換。4.作狀語作狀語v1.When we heard the news, we jumped with joy. v= Hearing the news ,we jumped with joy.v2

36、.When it is heated, the metal expands.v Heated, the metal expands.v3.Because he didnt know how to do it, he went to his father for help.v= Not knowing how to do it, he went to his father for help. v4.As they were deeply moved, the children began to cry.v= Deeply moved by the story, the children bega

37、n to cry. “主動主動”“被動被動”表示表示時間時間表示表示原因原因=v5. _(look) out of the window, you can have a full view of the beach.v= If you look out of the window, you can have a full view of the beach. v6._ (keep) in refrigerator, these vegetables will remain fresh.v =If they are kept in refrigerator, these vegetables will remain fresh.表示表示條件條件Looking Kept v7. The children rushed out, shoutin