大學(xué)英語段落翻譯技巧(1)

1、大學(xué)英語段落翻譯技巧(1)2013年7月，全國大學(xué)英語四六級考試委員會(huì)對大學(xué)英語四六級考試的試卷結(jié)構(gòu)和測試題型做了局部調(diào)整，調(diào)整后的四六級翻譯項(xiàng)目從原來的單句翻譯變成了現(xiàn)在的段落翻譯2013年12月，這一新的題型首次應(yīng)用在四六級考試中。評分方式也由原來的語法點(diǎn)給分變成現(xiàn)在的總體評分（Global Scoring），也就是閱卷員根據(jù)翻譯的總體印象，即文章的總體表達(dá)給出分?jǐn)?shù)檔。具體標(biāo)準(zhǔn)見下表： 檔次 評 分 標(biāo) 準(zhǔn) 13-15分 譯文準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)了原文的意思。用詞貼切，行文流暢，基本上無語言錯(cuò)誤，僅有個(gè)別小錯(cuò)。 10-12分 譯文基本上表達(dá)了原文的意思。文字通順、連貫，無

2、重大語言錯(cuò)誤。 7-9分 譯文勉強(qiáng)表達(dá)了原文的意思。用詞欠準(zhǔn)確，語言錯(cuò)誤相當(dāng)多，其中有些是嚴(yán)重語言錯(cuò)誤。 4-6分 譯文僅表達(dá)了一小部分原文的意思。用詞不準(zhǔn)確，有相當(dāng)多的嚴(yán)重語言錯(cuò)誤。 1-3分 譯文支離破碎。除個(gè)別詞語或句子，絕大部分文字沒有表達(dá)原文意思。 0分 未作答，或只有幾個(gè)孤立的詞，或譯文與原文毫不相關(guān)。 表一 四六級評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)-考委會(huì)版（用于總體評分） 由于是第一次考查這樣的題型，閱卷組也進(jìn)行了細(xì)致的分析，深入的討論和謹(jǐn)慎的評判。因此，在確定分?jǐn)?shù)檔之后，閱卷員需要通過對考生翻譯中的語法、用詞以及拼寫錯(cuò)誤進(jìn)行量化，然后扣分，最終決定考生的翻譯分?jǐn)?shù)。而語法的量化考核也有一定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，具體見

3、下表：檔次 評 分 標(biāo) 準(zhǔn) 13-15分 有2處不明顯的小錯(cuò)（冠詞、單復(fù)數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)、介詞、用詞不貼切等） 15分 有5處不明顯的小錯(cuò)（冠詞、單復(fù)數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)、介詞、用詞不貼切等） 14分 有7處不明顯的小錯(cuò)（冠詞、單復(fù)數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)、介詞、用詞不貼切等） 13分 10-12分 有一個(gè)嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)句 12分 有3處明顯語言錯(cuò)誤 11分 有4處明顯語言錯(cuò)誤 10分 7-9分 5個(gè)句子正確或基本正確 9分 4個(gè)句子正確或基本正確 8分 3個(gè)句子正確或基本正確 7分 4-6分 內(nèi)容基本表達(dá)，有兩個(gè)句子正確 6分 一個(gè)句子正確 5分 沒有一個(gè)正確句子，但有三個(gè)句子有小錯(cuò) 4分 1-3分 內(nèi)容

4、基本表達(dá)，但所有句子都有錯(cuò)誤和嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤。嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤少 3分 嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤多 2分 嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤極多 1分表二 四六級翻譯評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)-閱卷版（用于量化語法錯(cuò)誤） 這兩步之后，一份翻譯的整體分?jǐn)?shù)就確定了?？偟膩碚f，改革后的大學(xué)英語四六級翻譯項(xiàng)目采取總體評分為主，量化考核為輔的評分方式：閱卷員首先通讀整篇譯文，根據(jù)"總體評分"的原則，確定其所屬檔位；其次詳細(xì)閱讀譯文，尋找譯文中的扣分點(diǎn)，在統(tǒng)計(jì)扣分點(diǎn)之后，根據(jù)"量化考核"的原則，確定譯文最終的分?jǐn)?shù)。以下將以2013年12月四級考試翻譯中的"中餐篇"為例，給出各個(gè)分?jǐn)?shù)檔的參考譯文以及閱卷員評語。翻譯原文許

5、多人喜歡中餐。在中國，烹飪不僅被視為一種技能，而且也被視為一種藝術(shù)。精心準(zhǔn)備的中餐既可口又好看。烹飪技藝和配料在中國各地的差別很大。但好的烹飪都有一個(gè)共同點(diǎn)，總是要考慮到顏色、味道、口感和營養(yǎng)（nutrition）。由于食物對健康至關(guān)重要，好的廚師總是努力在谷物、肉類和蔬菜之間取得平衡，所以中餐既美味又健康。14分參考譯文Many people enjoy Chinese food. In China, cooking is not only viewed as a skill but also regarded as a form of art. A carefully-prepared C

6、hinese dinner can be both tasty and good looking. While cooking skills and ingredients differ largely from place to place in China, fine cooking always has something in common, that is the consideration of color, flavor, taste and nutrition. Since food is vital to the health, a fine cook is always t

7、rying to achieve a balance between cereals, meat and vegetables. Therefore, the Chinese food is both delicious and healthy. （紅色字體為有錯(cuò)誤部分）評語：1. 本譯文用詞貼切，行文流暢，注意到了句式的變化以及銜接詞的使用。屬于13-15分分?jǐn)?shù)檔的高分翻譯。2. 出現(xiàn)了5處語法、用詞的錯(cuò)誤，所以最終確定為14分翻譯。11分參考譯文Many people like Chinese food. In china, cooking is regarded not only as

8、a kind of skill but also as a kind of art. Chinese food, which is prepared carefully, is both delicious and good looking. Cooking skills and ingredients differ greatly from place to place in China. However, good cooking shares one thing in common: color, taste, feel and nutrition are always under co

9、nsideration. Since food is of vital importance to health, good cooks are always trying to be balanced with grain, meat, and vegetables. As a result, Chinese food is delicious and healthy. （紅色字體為有錯(cuò)誤部分）評語：1. 本譯文表達(dá)了絕大部分原文的意思，文字通順連貫，用到了復(fù)雜句式，顯示出了較強(qiáng)的語言功底。屬于10-12分分?jǐn)?shù)檔的翻譯。2. 有一個(gè)嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)句，且出現(xiàn)了3出明顯的語言錯(cuò)誤，所以最終定為11分翻譯

10、。8分參考譯文Many people love Chinese food. In China, cooking is not only regarded a kind of skill, but also art. Well-prepared Chinese dishes taste good besides good look. There is a big different in cooking skills and ingredients between different parts of China. But one thing which is common in good di

11、shes is that they all consider about the color, the tasting and the nutrition. As food is so important to health, good cookers always try to make a balance between corn, meat and vegetables. As a result, Chinese dishes are delicious and healthy. （劃線句為正確句）評語：1. 譯文基本表達(dá)原文意思，但用詞欠缺，語言錯(cuò)誤相當(dāng)多，且其中很多屬于重大語言錯(cuò)誤，

12、所以歸為7-9分檔。2. 劃線句為正確句，總共4句，參照表2可知，本譯文最終分?jǐn)?shù)為8分。5分參考譯文Many people like Chinese food. Cooking is not only a skill but also it is a kind of art. It is delicious and beautiful that Chinese meals carefully prepared. It is differently in cooking and material beside in Chinese. But, good meals have a common p

13、oint which color, teast and nutrition are though about. Then a good cooker is always trying their best to balance it from meat vegetables and so on. Therefore, Chinese meals are delicious and heathy. （劃線句為正確句）評語：1. 譯文僅表達(dá)一部分原文意思。存在用詞不準(zhǔn)確，語言錯(cuò)誤多等問題。所以定位為4-6分檔譯文。2. 參照表2，本譯文中劃線句為正確句，僅一句，所以最終定為5分譯文。2分參考譯文M

14、any people like China food. In China, not only a technolege make food, and also an artist. Good food is eated fine and seem''s fine. How make food and make the food need what is defferent in defferent place in China. But make good food just only think the food''s colour teste, feel m

15、ake people and nutrition. Food is importand for health, so good people that make food is use more power for better on meat and vagitable, so Chinese food is taste good and more health.評語：本譯文將原文內(nèi)容基本表達(dá)，但是沒有一個(gè)正確的句子，全部都存在嚴(yán)重語法錯(cuò)誤。結(jié)合表一中的總體評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以及表二的語言錯(cuò)誤量化標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，本譯文為2分譯文。0分未作答或者只有幾個(gè)孤立的詞，或與原文毫不相關(guān)的摘抄為0分。在此處需要特別指出的

16、是，學(xué)生通過關(guān)鍵詞"中餐"，"好吃"等創(chuàng)作的作文，也不給分。3. 漢譯英翻譯題樣題及答案Part IV Translation (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2. 剪紙（paper cutting）是中國最為流行的傳統(tǒng)民間藝術(shù)形式之一。中國剪紙有一千五百多年的歷史，

17、在明朝和清朝時(shí)期（the Ming and Qing Dynasties）特別流行。人們常用剪紙美化居家環(huán)境。特別是在春節(jié)和婚慶期間，剪紙被用來裝飾門窗和房間，以增加喜慶的氣氛。剪紙最常用的顏色是紅色，象征健康和興旺。中國剪紙?jiān)谑澜绺鞯睾苁軞g迎，經(jīng)常被用作饋贈(zèng)外國友人的禮物。注意：此部分試題請?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。Key: Paper cutting is one of Chinas most popular traditional folk arts. Chinese paper cutting has a history of more than 1,500 years. It was wid

18、espread particularly during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. People often beautify their homes with paper cuttings. During the Spring Festival and wedding celebrations, in particular, paper cuttings are used to decorate doors, windows and rooms in order to enhance the joyous atmosphere. The color most f

19、requently used in paper cutting is red, which symbolizes health and prosperity. Chinese paper cutting is very popular around the world and it is often given as a present to foreign friends. 4.四級考試短文翻譯技巧的新策略翻譯題把原單句漢譯英調(diào)整為段落漢譯英。翻譯內(nèi)容涉及中國的歷史、文化、經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)發(fā)展等。翻譯題的長度為140160個(gè)漢字。據(jù)此，我們提出四級考試短文翻譯技巧的新策略如下：4.1句子結(jié)構(gòu)變形翻

20、譯技巧策略漢語是話題優(yōu)先型的語言，英語是主語優(yōu)先型的語言。作為話題優(yōu)先型的語言，漢語中話題跟主語不一致并且話題比主語得到更高語法化。作為主語優(yōu)先型的語言，英語主謂結(jié)構(gòu)是高度語法化的句法結(jié)構(gòu)。在話題位置上插入成分的過程稱為話題化(topicalization)。漢語中的話題并非移位生成，研究主語優(yōu)先型語言的語序類型，固然應(yīng)該看S.V.O三者的排列，但研究話題優(yōu)先型語言和主語話題并重型語言的語序類型，必須考慮另一個(gè)成分即話題T。要確定話題優(yōu)先語言及主語話題并重型語言的語序應(yīng)該看T、S、V、O四者的排列順序。普通話的順序是TSVO占優(yōu)勢。因此我們可以說，漢語作為話題優(yōu)先型語言，有四個(gè)基本成分：T、S

21、、V、O，其中T（話題）是高度語法化的，而S（主語）語法化程度不高。總之，在話題優(yōu)先型語言中話題結(jié)構(gòu)毋須靠移位形成。而主語優(yōu)先型語言的基本結(jié)構(gòu)中缺乏T，只有靠移位方能得到T。如：中國文化指產(chǎn)生發(fā)展于中國地域內(nèi)的一種富有鮮明的民族特色的文化體系。我們這里講的主要是精神文化和行為文化，以及這些精神文化和行為文化的某些物化的文化形式。The Chinese culture can be defined as a cultural system rich in distinct national style which took shape within the terrain of China. T

22、he culture includes the spiritual culture and behavioral culture as well as their materialized presentations. 4.2 避免“同義反復(fù)”翻譯技巧策略從構(gòu)詞與搭配特點(diǎn)看，漢語詞匯的“雙音詞化”，表達(dá)中的“四字格”形式，決定了漢語詞語搭配中“同義反復(fù)”現(xiàn)象的頻繁出現(xiàn)。研究表明，無論在構(gòu)詞搭配，成語搭配或者慣用搭配中，漢語的“同義反復(fù)”現(xiàn)象都要比英語的更加明顯，更加普遍。英語詞語搭配通常避免“同義反復(fù)”；而漢語詞語搭配卻往往使用“同義反復(fù)”。 由于漢語駢偶結(jié)構(gòu)形式的需要，漢語駢偶結(jié)構(gòu)中“同義反

23、復(fù)”現(xiàn)象非常普遍。因此在漢譯英時(shí)，英語譯文往往需要避免“同義反復(fù)”。不了解這個(gè)原則，譯文都會(huì)出現(xiàn)表達(dá)繁復(fù)、語義重復(fù)的現(xiàn)象。如：中國文化是一個(gè)歷史的范疇，它經(jīng)歷了5000年的發(fā)展才形成了今天的面貌，底蘊(yùn)厚重，博大精深。The Chinese culture belongs to the historical category, having undergone 5000-year development before it turns into todays splendid sight, both extensive and profound.4.3名詞代詞化翻譯技巧策略漢語喜用名詞，英語喜用

24、代詞。根據(jù)這一特點(diǎn)，漢譯英時(shí)，每每遇到名詞重復(fù)出現(xiàn)時(shí)，要設(shè)法避免重復(fù)這一名詞。如：我們這里講的主要是精神文化和行為文化，以及這些精神文化和行為文化的某些物化的文化形式。The culture includes the spiritual culture and behavioral culture as well as their materialized presentations.這里的“這些精神文化和行為文化的”不能重復(fù)譯為“of the spiritual culture and behavioral culture”。一個(gè)代詞“their”代替“of the spiritual cu

25、lture and behavioral culture”。多精彩。4.4拆句和合并翻譯技巧策略這是兩種相對應(yīng)的翻譯方法。拆句法是把一個(gè)長而復(fù)雜的句子拆譯成若干個(gè)較短、較簡單的句子，通常用于英譯漢；合并法是把若干個(gè)短句合并成一個(gè)長句，一般用于漢譯英。漢語強(qiáng)調(diào)意合(形散意聚)，結(jié)構(gòu)較松散，因此簡單句較多；英語強(qiáng)調(diào)形合，結(jié)構(gòu)較嚴(yán)密，因此長句較多。所以漢譯英時(shí)要根據(jù)需要注意利用連詞、分詞、介詞、不定式、定語從句、獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)等把漢語短句連成長句；而英譯漢時(shí)又常常要在原句的關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞、主謂連接處、并列或轉(zhuǎn)折連接處、后續(xù)成分與主體的連接處，以及意群結(jié)束處將長句切斷，譯成漢語分句。這樣就可以基本保留英

26、語語序，順譯全句，順應(yīng)現(xiàn)代漢語長短句相替、單復(fù)句相間的句法修辭原則。如：同時(shí)它又是一個(gè)民族的范疇，在長期的相對獨(dú)立的發(fā)展以及中外文化的沖撞交流中，以我為主，中國文化形成了自己的特色，卓然立于世界民族文化之林，成為東方民族文化的主要代表。Meanwhile it can be relegated to the national category. After a long process of relatively independent development followed by the collision and exchange afterwards between China and

27、 foreign countries, the Chinese culture assumed unique characteristics, became an outstanding member in the brilliant global family of national cultures, and grew to be a main representative of Oriental national cultures.  6 結(jié)語以上我們在漢英句法結(jié)構(gòu)對比的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合漢英翻譯理論和方法，對做好大學(xué)英語四級考試漢譯英試題提出了一些解決策略。研究表明: 漢譯英重在表

28、達(dá), 漢譯英表達(dá)上的問題不僅會(huì)影響譯文“語言通順、流暢”，而且還會(huì)直接影響譯文的“忠實(shí)性”。而漢譯英表達(dá)的關(guān)鍵在于漢英句法結(jié)構(gòu)對比與翻譯的理論和技巧的運(yùn)用。 總之，我們認(rèn)為要做好大學(xué)英語四級考試漢譯英，需要加強(qiáng)學(xué)生漢英句法結(jié)構(gòu)對比的意識，以提高學(xué)生漢英句法結(jié)構(gòu)在形式和內(nèi)容方面的轉(zhuǎn)換能力，提高學(xué)生的語言表達(dá)能力，為實(shí)現(xiàn)譯文的“忠實(shí)性”提供必要的條件。段落翻譯部分考題譯文參考：【翻譯原文】很多人喜歡中餐，在中國，烹飪不僅被視為一種技能，而且也被視為一種藝術(shù)。精心準(zhǔn)備的中餐既可口又好看。烹飪技術(shù)和配料在中國各地差別很大。但好的烹飪都有一個(gè)共同點(diǎn)，總是要考慮到顏色、味道、口感和營養(yǎng)(nutrition

29、)。由于食物對健康至關(guān)重要，好的廚師總是努力在谷物，肉類和蔬菜之間取得平衡。所以中餐美味又健康?！緟⒖甲g文】Many people like Chinese food. In China, cooking is not only regarded as a skill but also an art. The well/carefully-prepared Chinese food is tasty and good-looking. The way of cooking and ingredients selection vary greatly across China. However,

30、 good cooking has one thing in common, that is, to always concern colors, smell, tastes and nutrition. As food is vital for mans health, good cooks are always making efforts to maintain balance between grains meats and vegetables. Thus, Chinese food is delicious and healthy.【參考譯文】Many people like Ch

31、inese food. In China, cooking is not only regarded as a skill but also an art form. The well/carefully-prepared Chinese food is tasty and displayed beautifully. The way of cooking and selection of ingredients vary greatly across China. However, good cooking has one thing in common, that is, to alway

32、s consider colors, smell, tastes and nutrition. As food is vital for our health, good cooks always make an effort to maintain balance between grains meats and vegetables. Thus, Chinese food is both delicious and healthy.【參考譯文】Most people like Chinese food. In China, cooking is considered as not only

33、 a skill but also an art. The well-prepared Chinese food is both delicious and good-looking. Although cooking methods and food ingredient vary wildly indifferent places of China, it is common for good cuisine to take color, flavor, taste and nutrition into account. Since food is crucial to health, a

34、 good chef is insistently trying to seek balance between cereal, meat and vegetable, and accordingly Chinese food is delicious as well as healthy。2013年12月四級考試真題翻譯匯總試卷一：中餐許多人喜歡中餐，在中國，烹飪不僅被視為一種技能，而且也被視為一種藝術(shù)。精心準(zhǔn)備的中餐既可口又好看，烹飪技藝和配料在中國各地差別很大。但好的烹飪都有一個(gè)共同點(diǎn)，總是要考慮到顏色、味道、口感和營養(yǎng)。由于食物對健康至關(guān)重要，好的廚師總是努力在谷物、肉類和蔬菜之間取得

35、平衡，所以中餐既味美又健康。Most people like Chinese food. In China, cooking is considered as not only a skill but also an art. The well-prepared Chinese food is both delicious and good-looking. Although cooking methods and food ingredient vary wildly in different places of China, it is common for good cuisine to

36、 take color, flavor, taste and nutrition into account. Since food is crucial to health, a good chef is insistently trying to seek balance between cereal, meat and vegetable, and accordingly Chinese food is delicious as well as healthy.試卷二：信息技術(shù)信息技術(shù)，正在飛速發(fā)展，中國公民也越來越重視信息技術(shù)，有些學(xué)校甚至將信息技術(shù)作為必修課程，對這一現(xiàn)象大家持不同觀點(diǎn)

37、。一部分人認(rèn)為這是沒有必要的，學(xué)生就應(yīng)該學(xué)習(xí)傳統(tǒng)的課程。另一部分人認(rèn)為這是應(yīng)該的，中國就應(yīng)該與時(shí)俱進(jìn)。不管怎樣，信息技術(shù)引起廣大人民的重視是一件好事。With full speed development of the information technology, Chinese citizens pay more and more attention to it. Some schools even take the information technology as a required course. For this phenomenon, different people have

38、 different opinions. Some people argue that it is not necessary to do this since the traditional courses are supposed to be learned. While some others hold the opposite view, they believe that China should keep pace with the times. No matter how, it is a good thing that information technology has dr

39、awn attention of the people.試卷三：茶文化"你要茶還是咖啡？"是用餐人常被問到的問題，許多西方人會(huì)選咖啡，而中國人則會(huì)選茶。相傳，中國的一位帝王于五千年前發(fā)現(xiàn)了茶，并用來治病，在明清期間，茶館遍布全國，飲茶在六世紀(jì)傳到日本，但直到18世紀(jì)才傳到歐美。如今，茶是世界上最流行的飲料之一，茶是中國的瑰寶。也是中國傳統(tǒng)和文化的重要組成部分。 As for the dinning people, “Tea or Coffee?” is a question frequently asked. Coffee is usually the Westerns f

40、irst choice, while tea is the preferment of Chinese. Tradition has it that tea is found by one Chinese Emperor, who lived 5000 years ago. At that time, tea is used to heal sickness. During Ming-Qing dynasties, teahouses are across the country. Tea-drinking spread into Japanese as early as in the 6th

41、 century, yet it did not spread into Europe and America until the 18th century. Nowadays, tea is one of the most popular beverages all over the world. Tea is the treasure of China and the important component of Chinese tradition and culture.試卷四：中國結(jié) 中國結(jié)最初是由手工藝人發(fā)明的，經(jīng)過數(shù)百年不斷的改進(jìn)，已經(jīng)成為一種優(yōu)雅多彩的藝術(shù)和工藝。在古代，人們用它

42、來記錄事件，但現(xiàn)在主要是用于裝飾的目的。“結(jié)”在中文里意味著愛情，婚姻和團(tuán)聚,中國結(jié)常常作為禮物交換或作為飾品祈求好運(yùn)和辟邪。這種形式的手工藝代代相傳，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)在中國和世界各地越來越受歡迎。The Chinese knot was originally invented by the craftsmen. After hundreds of years of continuous improvement, has become a kind of elegant and colorful art and craft. In ancient times, people use it to rec

43、ord the event, but now used mainly for decorative purposes. The knot means love, marriage and reunion in Chinese. It is also used with jewelry as a gift to exchange or pray for good luck and ward off evil spirits. This form of handicraft has become increasingly popular in China and around the world

44、from generation to generation2013年12月六級考試真題翻譯匯總翻譯一：中國人自古以來就在中秋時(shí)節(jié)慶祝豐收，這與北美地區(qū)慶祝感恩節(jié)的習(xí)俗十分相似，過中秋節(jié)的習(xí)俗與唐代早期在中國各地開始流行，中秋節(jié)在農(nóng)歷八月十五，是人們拜月的節(jié)日，這天夜晚皓月當(dāng)空，人們合家團(tuán)聚，共賞明月。2006年，中秋節(jié)被列為中國的文化遺產(chǎn)，2008年又被定為公共假日，月餅被視為中秋節(jié)不可 或缺的美食，人們將月餅作為禮物饋贈(zèng)親友或在家庭聚會(huì)上享用。傳統(tǒng)的月餅上帶有“壽”(longevity)、“?！被颉昂汀钡茸謽印?Since ancient times, the Chinese people

45、usually celebrate harvest in the Mid-Autumn, which is similar to the custom of celebrating Thanksgiving in the North America. The Mid-Autumn has become popular all over China in the Early Tang Dynasty. The Mid-Autumn Festival, celebrated on the 15th day of the 8th month of the lunar calendar, is a d

46、ay for worshiping the moon. At that day, family members get together and enjoy the bright moon in the sky at night. In 2006, the Mid-Autumn was listed as a China cultural heritage, and in 2008 designated as a public holiday. The moon cake, an indispensable food of the Festival, is often used as a gi

47、ft for relatives and friends or enjoyed in the family party. Traditional moon cakes are imprinted with Chinese characters with such meanings as “l(fā)ongevity”, “happiness” or “harmony”.翻譯二：絲綢之路：聞名于世的絲綢之路是一系列連接?xùn)|西方的路線。絲綢之路是古代中國的絲綢貿(mào)易。絲綢之路上的貿(mào)易在中國、南亞、歐洲和發(fā)揮這重要作用。正是通過絲綢之路，中國的造紙、火藥、指南針、印刷術(shù)傳遍各地。同樣，中國的絲綢、茶葉和瓷器也傳

48、遍各地，歐洲也是通過絲綢之路出口各種商品和植物，滿足中國市場的需要。The world-renowned Silk Road is a series of routes connecting the East and the West. It extended more than 6,000 kilometers. The Silk Road was named after ancient Chinas silk trade which played an important role in the civilization development of China, South Asia,

49、Europe and the Middle East. It was through the Silk Road that papermaking, gunpowder, compass and printing of the four great inventions of ancient China were introduced around the world. Similarly, Chinese silk, tea and porcelain spread all over the world. Europe also exported various goods and plan

50、ts through the Silk Road to meet the needs of the Chinese market.翻譯三：中國園林是經(jīng)過三千多年演化而成的獨(dú)具一格的園林景觀。它既包括為皇室成員享樂而建造的大型花園，也包括學(xué)者、商人和卸任的政府官員為擺脫嘈雜的外部世界而建造的私家花園。這些花園構(gòu)成了一種意在表達(dá)人與自然之間應(yīng)有的調(diào)和關(guān)系的微縮景觀。典型的中國園林周圍有圍墻，園內(nèi)有池塘、假山、樹木、花草一級各種各樣由彎曲的小路和走廊銜接的建筑。散步在花園中，人們可以看到一系列精心設(shè)計(jì)的景觀猶如山水畫卷一般展示在面前。 Chinese gardens came into being

51、after three thousand years of evolution and feature unique landscape. It contains both large garden intended for the royal family enjoyment and private gardens built for academics, businessmen and former government officials to get rid of the noise of the outside world. These gardens constituted a t

52、ype of mini-landscape with the intention to express the harmonious relationship between human and nature. A typical Chinese garden is surrounded by a fence, with ponds, rockeries, trees, flowers and plants, and various buildings connected by winding paths and corridors inside. Strolling in the garde

53、n, people can see a series of carefully designed landscape just like landscape picture shown.模擬練習(xí)（一）：第一篇：農(nóng)歷八月十五日是中國的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日 中秋節(jié)。傳說月亮在這一天最大最圓。中秋節(jié)的傳說是非常豐富的，嫦娥（ Chang Er ）奔月是最為人所熟知的故事。雖然各地風(fēng)俗不同，但是賞月是最流行的活動(dòng)。每當(dāng)中秋月亮升起，人們會(huì)將月餅、石榴（pomegranate ）、棗子等瓜果供于桌案上，全家人圍桌而坐，邊吃邊談，共賞明月。 參考譯文：The Mid-Autumn Festival is one of

54、 the Chinese traditional festivals held on the 15th day of the 8th lunar month. Its said that the moon is at its brightest and roundest on that day. There are many legends about this festival, among which Chang Er flying to the moon is the most well-known. Although customs differ in different distri

55、cts, enjoying the beautiful moon is the most popular activity. On that day when the moon rises, all the family members will sit around the table to talk and enjoy the glorious full moon as well as the fruits and desserts such as moon cakes, pomegranates and dates.第二篇：中國是一個(gè)幅員遼闊，資源豐富，歷史悠久的多民族國家，每個(gè)民族都有其獨(dú)特豐富的菜肴。地域菜系在地理環(huán)境，氣候，文化傳統(tǒng)，民族風(fēng)俗和其它因素的影響下經(jīng)過悠久歷史的發(fā)展而形成的。最有影響力，最具代表性的是魯，川，閩，蘇，浙，湘，徽菜系，這八種被人們稱為“八大菜系?！敝袊摹鞍舜蟛讼怠笔且远喾N多樣的烹飪方法區(qū)分的，各有其長