非謂語動詞講解超全

1、非謂語動詞復(fù)習(xí)非謂語動詞： a.動詞不定式 to do b.現(xiàn)在分詞/動名詞 doingc.過去分詞done概述：1.謂語動詞：在句子中擔(dān)任謂語的動詞2.非謂語動詞：是動詞的特殊形式，在句中可以作除謂語外的所有成分（有一個特殊情況：過去分詞不具備名詞性，所以補充當(dāng)主語或賓語。）非謂語動詞使用條件：一個簡單句中有且只有一個謂語動詞一個句子當(dāng)中，已經(jīng)存在一個謂語動詞，又沒有連詞白情況下，應(yīng)使用非謂語動 詞。She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat.She got off the bus, but left her handbag on

2、 her seat.所有的非謂語動詞的否定都是在其前面加NOT動詞不定式1 .動詞不定式的變體動詞不定式是非謂語動詞的一種，由不定式符號 （to）加動詞原形構(gòu)成。不 定式的形式有五種：主動被動一式完成式進(jìn)行式例如:I like to read English.例如： He seemed to be reading something at that time.例如： He seemed to have cleaned the room.例如： The work is to be done soon.例如： The boy is said to have been sent to hospita

3、l yesterday.2 .動詞不定式的用法To see is to believeI .作主語Not to get there in time is your fault.It is a great enjoyment注：常用it做形式主語，將to do放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡to spend our holiday in themountains.（是形容事物的性質(zhì)的 ）（是形容人的品質(zhì)的 ）句型 3 : It is + adj + for sb to do sthIt is + adj + of sb to do sthIt is easy for me to finish thi

4、s work before ten.It's impolite of you to speak to the teacher like that.II .作賓語接不定式做賓語 I want to know this matter.(1) 常見動詞有：like, demand, expect, promise, begin, determine, refuse, offer, fail, manage, learn, seem, intend, forget, want, prepare, pretend, refuse, plan, afford, wish等(2)it作形式賓語I f

5、ind/feel to work with him interesting . I find/feel it interesting to work with him.3. I feel it my duty to change all that.2.We think itimportant to obey the law.下列詞接動名詞和不定式均可，但意義不同的動詞：stop to do停下來去做stop doing 停止做forget to do忘記要做forget doing忘記做過rememberto do記得要做rememberdoing 記得做過regret to do遺憾要做re

6、gret doing后悔做過try to do go on to do 一件事） mean to doIn some parts another hour.A waiting企圖做，盡力做繼續(xù)做（另一件事）打算做of London,missingB towaitingtry doinggo on doingmean doinga bus meansC wait試著做繼續(xù)做（同意味做 forD to bewaitingBoys, don't forgetthe windows before you leave theclassroom.A. closing B. closed C. to

7、 closingD. to closeShe reached the top of the hill and stopped on a bigrock.A. to have restedB. resting C. to rest D. restRemember the lights when you leave the office.A. to turn off B. turning offC. turn off D. to turning off（4） 一般說來，介詞后接動詞通常應(yīng)是動名詞。但是介詞but（except也一樣）卻比較特殊，其后接動詞時，可以接不定式，并且這個不定式可以帶to也

8、可以不帶to , 前有do,后無to ”I have no choice but to wait.1.當(dāng)其前的謂語含有實義動詞do（可以是各種形式）時，其后的不定式通常不帶to :She will do anything but play chess.He did nothing all day except watch TV.沒做。2.當(dāng)其前的謂語沒有某種形式的實義動詞They had no choice but to obey.He wanted nothing but to stay here.也不想。她除了下棋外什么都愿干。他一整天除了看電視什么也do時，其后的不定式通常要帶 to :

9、 他們別無選擇只有服從。他除了想呆在這里外，其他什么3 .當(dāng)其前含有實義動詞do但不是用作謂語時，其后的不定式帶不帶to均可,只好離開。除了等沒有其他的辦法。之后接不帶 to 的不定式但以不帶to為多：There ' s nothing to do but (to) leave.There was nothing to do but (to) wait.4 . 在 cannot but, cannot choose/help butI can ' t do anything but go out with her.III.作賓語補足語1. I 'get someone

10、to repair the recorder for you.2. What caused him to change his mind?warn, remind, promise,advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, expect, encourage, force, get, hate, invite , order, wish , want,permit, persuade, request+sb. to do注意：（1）在動詞 feel（一感），hear, listen to（二聽），have, let,make（三讓）， notice, see, watch

11、, observe, look at（五看）（即：吾看三室兩廳一感覺）等后面的補足語中，不定式不帶to，但變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)后，必須帶 to。如： They saw the boy fall off the tree.The boy was seen to fall off the tree.（2）help后面作賓語補足語的不定式可以帶to,也可以不帶to.I often help him （to ） clean the room. I helped him （to） find his things.He is often heard to sing the song.Though he often

12、 made his deskmate cry, today he was made to cry by his deskmate.3. IV .作定語不定式所修飾的詞前面有序數(shù)詞，形容詞最高級或 only修 飾She is always the last to leave the room.不定式為不及物動詞且和所修飾的名詞是動賓關(guān)系時，須加介詞.I have something important to say. Please find a piece of paper to write on.Excuse me , could I use your pen for a moment? I

13、have nopen to write withI have a 10t of homework to do.V.作狀語不定式作狀語可以表示目的、結(jié)果、原因I came here to see you出乎意料的結(jié)果）He hurried to the school to find nobody there.（We were very excited to hear the news.（常見形容詞后常用不定 式）對比 To learn English well, he needs a good dictionary. 不定式的主動形式表示被動意義I have something importan

14、t to do. In the accident, the driver was to blame.This question is difficult to answer. The box is not easy to _carry.動名詞1 .動名詞/現(xiàn)在分詞的基本構(gòu)成主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一®式完成式No one likes being laughed at.I don ' t remember having ever been given a chance to do it.2 .doing 的功用（1） Smoking does great harm to people&

15、#39; s health （作主語） It is no use crying.It is no good（作表語）objecting My job is looking after children. I have finished reading the novel.(作賓語) We have got a swimming pool in our school.(做定語)常見的動詞有：admit, advise, suggest, avoid, consider, delay,deny, excuse, finish, imagine, include, keep(on), mind, ,

16、 practice, miss, resist.短語：be/get used to ,be accustomed to,can' t help/stop, can ' tstand , give up,feel like, look forward to, get down to, havedifficulty/trouble(in),be busy (in),put offe.g. She sat there without speaking.doing 主動表被動： The room wants cleaning. The method needsimproving. Th

17、is pair of shoes require mending. The question is well worth _discussing(discuss)d )動詞 “ like, love, hate, prefer ”后接動名詞表示 勾慣性動作”，后接 不定式表示心理或一次具體動作"。例如：I like swimming , but I don ' t like to swim this afternoon .doing 的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)動名詞前可以加一個物主代詞或 名詞所有格來表示這個動名詞邏輯上的主語，構(gòu)成動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)或動名詞短語a.動名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時一般用

18、名詞所有格或形容詞性的物主代詞。例如：Nixon ' s visiting China marked a new year between U.S. and China diplomatic relations.尼克松訪問中國標(biāo)志著中美外交關(guān)系進(jìn)入一個新的時代Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.b.在口語和非正式語體中，只要不是作主語,動名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中的邏輯主語常 采用名詞通格或人稱代詞賓格。例如：The doctor does not mind me /my eating a little meat occasio

19、nally.分詞（一）分詞的作用現(xiàn)在分詞表示：主動，動作正在進(jìn)行。過去分詞表示：被動，動作已經(jīng)完成。1 .作定語Do you know the boy standing at the gate?Have you read the book written by Lu Xun?2 .作表語We are excited at the news.The news he told us is exciting3 .作賓語補足語I heard him singing a song in the classroom.We found the ground covered with snow.4 .作狀語W

20、hile lying in bed, he listened to some music.Seen from the hill, the village looks move beautiful.分詞作狀語時，它的邏輯主語就是句子的主語，否則分詞前面必須有自己的主O現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞在作狀語的區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在分詞表主動進(jìn)行，過去分詞表被動完成1. (Seeing/seen)from the top of the tower,we can see abeautiful factory.(Seeing/seen) from the top of the tower, the factory looksb

21、eautiful.2. (Hearing/heard)the bad news, they couldn ' t helpcrying.(When they heard the bad news)3. (Giving/Given) more time, we could do it better. (If they had been given more attention)4. I stood by the door, not daring to say a word.Being so angry, he couldn ' t go to sleep. (Because he

22、 was soangry)They came into theclassroom,singingandlaughing . (andthey were singing laughing)To serve the peoplewell, 1 study hard. (Inorderto servethe people well)獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)當(dāng)分詞的邏輯主語與主句的主語不同時，帶邏輯主語的分詞短語成為獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，在句法功能上起狀語作用。例如：Weather permitting, they will go and visit the science museum.The meeting bein

23、g over, they all left the room.Given more time, we could do it better.The moon appearing, they decided to go on with their journey.由There being + 主語 這種結(jié)構(gòu)多表示原因。例如：There being a lot of books to read,he often studiedtillwith +midnight.復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)(1 ) with + 名詞 / 代詞 + 形容詞Don t speak with yourmouth full.(2 )

24、with+名詞 /代詞+副詞The square looks morebeautiful than ever with the lights on.(3) with+名詞 /代詞+介詞短語He was asleep with his head on his arms.(4 ) with + 名詞 / 代詞 + -ing 分詞 She felt very nervous with somany people looking at her.With the old man leading,the two started towardthemountains.(5) with + 名詞/代詞+不定式

25、With five minutes to goWith his matter settled,before the last train left, we arrived here.(6 ) with + 名詞/代詞+ -en 分詞we left the room.【2012 全國卷 II 10. Tony lent me the money,that I ' d do as much for him.A. hoping B. to hopeC. hoped D. having hoped【2012 全國卷 II 15. The old man sat in front of the

26、televisionevery evening, happyanything that happened to be on.A. to watch B. watchingC. watched D. to havewatched【2012 安徽】24. I rememberedthe door before IA. locking have locked 【2012 安徽】30. When job, Philip said heB. to lockC. having lockedfor his views about his teachingD. tofound it very interest

27、ing and rewarding.A. asking to be asked【2012 重慶】23.missed a wonderful film.A. Having been askedB. askedto workB. To askC. having askedovertime that evening,C. Having askedD.D. To beasked【2012 重慶】28. We' re having a meeting in half an hour. Thedecision company.A. to be madeat the meeting will inf

28、luence the future of ourC. made【2012 weatherB. being madeD. having been made全國】28. The party will be held inthe garden,A. permittingB. to permitC. permittedD. permit【2012 全國】32. Film has a much shorter history,especiallywhensuch art forms as music and painting.A. having compared toC. compare toB. co

29、mparing toD. compared to【2012 北京】23. One learns a language by making mistakes andthem.A. correctsB. correctC. to correctD.correcting 【2012weeks.A. Use 【2012 please.A. Knock To knock 【2012北京】北京】福建】27.31.B. Usingwithcare, one tin willC. Usedat the door before you enter my room,B. KnockingC. Knocked28.

30、 China recently tightened its waters controlslastD. Tofor sixuseD.near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishingboatsfromin the South China Sea.left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights.A. attackingC. being attackedB. having attackingD. having been attacked2012 福建】 34. Pressed from his

31、 parents, and that hehas wasted too much time, the boy is determined to stopplaying video games.A. realizingB. realizedC. to realizeD. being realized【 2012 陜西】 15. in a long queue, we waited for the store to open to buy a New iPad.A. StandingB. To standC. StoodD. Stand【 2012 陜西】 22. If he takes on t

32、his work, he will have no choicebut an even greater challenge.A. meetsB. meetingC. meetD.to meet【 2012 山東】 26. George returned after the war, only that his wife had left him.A. to be toldB. telling C. being told D. told【 2012 山東】 35. After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in t

33、he envelope .A. providingB. providedC. having providedD. provide【 2012 湖南】 21. We ve had a good start, but next, more work needs to achieve the final success.A. being doneB. doC. to be doneD. to do【 2012 湖南】 23. Time, correctly, is money in the bank.A. to useB. usedC. usingD. use【 2012 湖南】 31. The l

34、ecture, at 7:00 pm last night, wasfollowed by an observation of the moon with telescopes.A. startingB. being startingC. to startD. to be started【 2012 天津】 11. He got up late and hurried to his office, the breakfast untouched.A. leftB. to leaveC. leavingD. having left【 2012 江西】 33. Having finished he

35、r project, she was invited bythe schoolto the new students.A. speakingB. having spokenC. to speakD. to have spoken【 2012 江西】 35. John has really got the job because he showedme the official letter him it.A. offeredB. offeringC. to offerD.to be offered【 2012 遼寧】 25. The old couple often take a walk afte