高中名詞性從句精講及練習(xí)(共8頁)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上第一章 名詞性從句在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞性從句(Noun Clauses）。 名詞性從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組, 它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等，因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能，名詞從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。一 主語從句主語從句是在主句中作主語的句子，它由連接詞引導(dǎo)，通常位于謂語動(dòng)詞之前。1. 連詞：在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，常用見的引導(dǎo)主語從句的連詞有三個(gè)，即that, whether和if. That he got the first prize excited him much. 他獲得一等獎(jiǎng)一事使他非

2、常興奮。Whether you can succeed or not depends on how hard you work at it. 你能否功取決于你努力的程度。注意：whether引導(dǎo)的主語從句常用置于句首，表示“是否”之意；if引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)不置于句首。2. 連接代詞：在從句中起名詞或代詞的作用，常作從句的主語、賓語、表語或定語，有具體意義且不能省略。常見的連接代詞有who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever. What we should do with the problem is

3、undecided. 我們?nèi)绾翁幚磉@上問題還未作出決定。3. 連接副詞：在從句中起副的作用，常作從句的狀語，表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、方式等。常見的連接副詞有when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however等。How they will solve the serious problem has not been decided. 他們將如何解決這個(gè)嚴(yán)重的問題還沒有決定。Why he did that wasnt quite clear. 他為什么做那件事還不十分清楚。4. it 代替主語從句作形式主語 that從句作主語通常用it作形式主語，而

4、將that從句置于句末。常見的有以下幾種：(1) It 系動(dòng)詞 形容詞 that從句It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure. 很清楚，整個(gè)計(jì)劃注定要失敗。(2) It is 系動(dòng)詞 名詞 that從句 常見的用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的名詞有：a pity 遺憾， a fact 事實(shí)， an honor 榮耀， a wonder 奇跡， no wonder 難怪, good news 好消息，等。Its no wonder that youve achieved so much success. 難怪你已取得了如此大的成功。I

5、ts a pity that you didnt attend her party. 你沒有參加她的聚會(huì)真是遺憾。 (3) It 系動(dòng)詞 過去分詞 that從句It is said that no passengers were injured in the accident. 據(jù)說在那次意外事故中沒有乘客受傷。(4) It 特殊動(dòng)詞 that從句常用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞有：seem 看上去，appear 顯得， happen 碰巧， matter 關(guān)系重大，turn out 結(jié)果， occurto sb. 某人突然想起，等。It seems to me that he objects to th

6、e plan. 在我看來，他好像反對(duì)這個(gè)計(jì)劃。It happened that I met an old friend on the street yesterday. 昨天我碰巧在街上遇見了一位老朋友。It occurred to me that we should get in touch with the manager. 我突然想起我們應(yīng)該與經(jīng)理聯(lián)系。 5. 主語從句不可位于句首的五種情況：（1）if 引導(dǎo)的主語從句不可居于復(fù)合句句首。（2）It is said /reported結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。例如： 正確表達(dá)：It is said that President Jiang

7、 will visit our school next week. 錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. （3）It happens/occurs結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。例如： 正確表達(dá)：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. 錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：That he failed in the examination occurred to him. （4）It doesnt matter how/whether 結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。例如

8、： 正確表達(dá)：It doesnt matter whether he is wrong or not. 錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：Whether he is wrong or not doesnt matter. （5）含主語從句的復(fù)合句是疑問句時(shí)，主語從句不可提前。例如： 正確表達(dá)：Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? 錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：Is that will rain in the evening likely?二賓語從句賓語從句就是在復(fù)合句中作賓語的名詞性從句，通常放在主句謂語動(dòng)詞 (及物動(dòng)詞) 或介詞之后。1. 作動(dòng)詞的賓語(1) 由that引導(dǎo)的賓語

9、從句(that 通?？梢允÷? I heard that be joined the army. 我聽說他參軍了。(2) 由what, whether (if) 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句 She did not know what had happened.她不知道發(fā)生了什么。I wonder whether you can change this note for me.我想知道你是否能幫我改一下筆記。(3) 動(dòng)詞間接賓語賓語從句。 She told me that she would accept my invitation.她對(duì)我說她會(huì)接受我的邀請(qǐng)。2. 作介詞的賓語 Our success de

10、pends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.我們的成功取決于我們之間的合作。3. 作形容詞的賓語 I am afraid (that) I ve made a mistake.我恐怕我已經(jīng)犯了一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。注意：that 引導(dǎo)的從句常跟在下列形容詞后作賓語：anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed,

11、pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可以將此類詞后的that 從句的看作原因狀語從句。4. it 可以作為形式賓語 it不僅可以作為形式主語，還可以作為形式賓語而真正的賓語that 從句則放在句尾，特別是在帶復(fù)合賓語的句子中。 We heard it that she would get married next month. 我聽說她下個(gè)朋就會(huì)結(jié)婚了。5. 后邊不能直接跟that 從句的動(dòng)詞 這類動(dòng)詞有allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike,

12、love, help, take, forgive等。這類詞后可以用不定式或動(dòng)名詞作賓語，但不可以用that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。如： 正確表達(dá)：I admire their winning the match. 錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：I admire that they won the match.6. 不可用that從句作直接賓語的動(dòng)詞 有些動(dòng)詞不可用于“動(dòng)詞間接賓語that從句“結(jié)構(gòu)中，常見的有envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等。例如： 正確表達(dá)：He impressed

13、 the manager as an honest man. 錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：He impressed the manager that he was an honest man.7. 否定的轉(zhuǎn)移 若主句謂語動(dòng)詞為think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的賓語從句若含有否定意義，一般要把否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語上，從句謂語用肯定式。例如：I dont think this dress fits you well. 我認(rèn)為這件衣服不適合你穿。8. 復(fù)雜的特殊疑問句 在某些賓語從句中，賓語從句的連接代詞或連接副詞

14、常被移到主句之前，構(gòu)成特殊疑問形式，其構(gòu)成為：Wh-/How do you + vt. + 賓語從句的其他部分? 常見的用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞有think, believe, consider, suppose, imagine, except, guess, say等。Who do you guess will be our new headmaster? 你猜誰會(huì)是我們的新校長(zhǎng)?How do you suppose they will go to Shanghai? 你猜他們會(huì)乘坐什么去上海?9. 賓語從句中引導(dǎo)詞that不可省略的情況。(1). 介詞except, but, besides,

15、in等后跟that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句時(shí)。 The Swede stood quite still, except that his lips moved slightly.那個(gè)瑞典人站著一動(dòng)不動(dòng)，只是嘴唇還微微在動(dòng)。(2). that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句和主句之間有插入語時(shí)。He said, in his opinion, that Lei Feng was a good example of serving the people heart and soul.他說，在他看來，雷鋒是一個(gè)全心全意為人民服務(wù)的好榜樣。(3). 有多個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的從句時(shí)，第一個(gè)that可以省略， 而其他的that常不省略。

16、 I think (that) it will clear up this afternoon and that they will come to say goodbye to us. 我認(rèn)為今天下午會(huì)放晴，他們會(huì)來向我們告別的。(4). 當(dāng)when, who, what, where, why, how等引導(dǎo)的從句與that引導(dǎo)的從句作主句謂語動(dòng)詞的并列賓語時(shí)。 Im sure where he lives and that he is living a happy life. 我非常清楚他住在什么地方， 而且他生活得很幸福。三. 表語從句表語從句在復(fù)合句中作表語的從句，放在be, loo

17、k, seem等系動(dòng)詞后。常用見的引導(dǎo)表語從句的連接詞有that, whether, wh-詞，as, as if/though, because等。1. that, whether引導(dǎo)表語從句 that, whether引導(dǎo)表語從句時(shí)只起連接作用，不作任何成分；that無實(shí)義，whether意為“是否”。2. wh-詞和because引導(dǎo)的表語從句。 wh-詞包括連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever和連接副when, where, why, wherever, whenever等， 此類詞大多表示疑問意

18、義，偶爾表示陳述意義。Because引導(dǎo)的表語從句表示陳述意義。 The question is how we can persuade him to go. 問題是我們?nèi)绾尾拍苷f服他去。 Thats because he didnt understand me. 那是因?yàn)樗焕斫馕摇?. as, as if, as though引導(dǎo)的表語從句 此類表語從句常用跟在特定動(dòng)詞后面，如seem, appear, look, taste, sound, feel等。I feel as though the house is shaking. 我感到好像房子在晃動(dòng)。4. reason作主語時(shí)的表語從句

19、 reason作主語時(shí)，其表語從句需用that引導(dǎo)，一般不用why或because引導(dǎo)。 The reason for the car accident is that the driver was drunk. 這次交通事故是司機(jī)酒后駕駛導(dǎo)致的。四. 同位語從句同位語從句是用以解釋說明某一名詞內(nèi)容的從句。所以它總是跟在某一個(gè)名詞的后面。該名詞被稱作先行詞。1. 同位語從句的連接詞 同位語從句的連接詞主要有that, whether, why, who, where, how, when等。在同位語從句中that, whether不作成分，that無實(shí)際意義，whether表示“是否”；其他連

20、接詞具有實(shí)義，同時(shí)在同位語從句中作一定成分。引導(dǎo)同位語從句的連接詞一般都不省略。 The report that he was going to resign was false. 他將辭職的報(bào)道是假的。 Theres some doubt whether John will come on time. 對(duì)約翰是否會(huì)準(zhǔn)時(shí)到還有一些懷疑。2. 可跟同位語從句的名詞 不是所有的名詞都可以跟同位語從句，?？梢员煌徽Z從句修飾的名詞有：advice 建議 belief 信念 fact 事實(shí) hope 希望 idea 主意 news 消息 opinion 觀點(diǎn) order 命令 promise 諾言 q

21、uestion 問題 reply 答復(fù) report 報(bào)道 thought 想法 truth 事實(shí) warning 警告The problem why the earth is becoming warmer and warmer is still under discussion. 地球?yàn)槭裁醋兊迷絹碓綍徇@一問題仍在討論之中。3. 同位語在句子中的位置同位語從句有時(shí)可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后面，而是被別的詞隔開。 He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off. 他從瑪麗那里獲知了運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)被推遲的消息。4. 同位語從

22、句與定語從句的區(qū)別(1) 定語從句中的that既代替先行詞，同時(shí)以在從句中作某個(gè)成分（主語或賓語），而同位語從句中的that是連詞，只起連接主句與從句的作用，不充當(dāng)句中任何成分。(2) 定語從句是形容詞性的，其功能是修飾先行詞，對(duì)先行詞加以限定，描述定的性質(zhì)或特征；同位語從句是名詞性的，其功能是對(duì)名詞進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明。1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告訴我的消息是湯姆明年將出國。）（第一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的從句是定語從句，that在從句中作賓語）2)The news that Tom would g

23、o abroad is told by him.（湯姆將出國的消息是他講的。）（同位語從句，that在句中不作任何成分）名詞性從句練習(xí)一. 選擇題1. _ some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others. A. Whether B. What C. That D. How2. How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on _ he goes with, whether his friends or relatives. A. what B.

24、who C. how D. why3. Before the sales start, I make a list of _ my kids will need for the coming season. A. why B. what C. how D. which4. Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was _ is was rather closely modeled on his own life. A. what B. that C. why D. whether5.

25、 It never occurred to me _ you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind. A. which B. what C. that D. if6. As a new graduate, he doesnt know _ it takes to start a business here. A. how B. what C. when D. which7. One reason for her preference for city life is _ she can have easy access to pl

26、aces like shops and restaurants. A. that B. how C. what D. why8. I want to be liked and loved for _ I am inside. A. who B. where C. what D. how9. -I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays. -Thats _ I dont agree. You should have a more active life. A. where B. how C. when

27、 D. what10. We should respect food and think about the people who dont have _ we have here and treat food nicely. A. that B. which C. what D. whether11. -Have you finished the book? -No, Ive read up to _ the children discover the secret cave. A. which B. what C. hat D. where12. Cindy shut the door h

28、eavily and burst into tears. No one in the office knew _ she was so angry. A. where B. whether C. that D. why13. When changing lanes, a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know _. A. he is entering which lane B. which lane he is entering C. is he entering which lane D. which la

29、ne is he entering14. We havent discussed yet _ we are going to place our new furniture.A. that B. which C. what D. where15. -Its no use having ideas only. -Dont worry. Peter can show you _ to turn an idea into an act. A. how B. who C. what D. where16. The professor tried to show us through his exper

30、iment _ from books can be used in practice. A. that we have learned B. how that we have learned C. how what we have learned D. that how we have learned17. It leaves me in no doubt _ scientists will come up with new ways to increase the worlds food supply. A. when B. where C. that D. if18. It is no l

31、onger a question now _ man can land on the moon. A. that B. if C. whether D. what19. Several years later, word came _ Napoleon himself was coming to inspect soldiers. A. which B. what C. that D. when20. Many representatives were in favor of his proposal that a special committee _ to investigate the

32、incident. A. were set up B. was set up C. be set up D. set up21. The teacher warned _ was caught _ during the test would be punished. A. that whoever; cheating B. that anyone; being cheated C. anyone who; to cheat D. the person; to be cheating22. Traditional education taught people to believe _ being intelligent meant remembering information and writing about it. A. that B. what C. how D. whether23. Jessica is worrying about _ she has passed the