外研版高中英語必修三Module1-Europe基本知識(shí)

1、Book 3 Module 1 Europe重點(diǎn)單詞1. across pre噴過； 穿過2. continental adj.大陸的；大洲的continent n.大洲3. facevt.面向；面對(duì)facial adj.面部的4. range n.山脈5. situated adj坐落（某處）的；位于（某處）的situation n.狀況，位置6. symbol n.象征；符號(hào)-symbolic adj.象征性的7. located adj位于locate v.位于location n.位置；場(chǎng)所8. project n.計(jì)劃；項(xiàng)目；工程9. civilization n .文明civili

2、ze v .使文明；有修養(yǎng) civilized adj.有教養(yǎng)的10. ancient adj.古代的11. opposite prep在對(duì)面12. sign vt.簽署signature n.簽名13. agreement n 協(xié)議； 契約- agree v. 同意disagreement n （反義詞）不同意14. govern vt.統(tǒng)治； 治理government n. 政府governor n. 統(tǒng)治者15. geographical adj地理的一 geography n. 地理學(xué)16. feature n.特點(diǎn)17. 短語1. off the coast of 在離海岸不遠(yuǎn)的地方

3、on the coast of在海岸上2. be located/situated in 位于3. be famous for 因而聞名 be well known to sb.為某人所熟知4. be known as作為而聞名5. work on工作；干活6. because_of 因?yàn)?as a result of 由于; 因?yàn)?owing to由于； 因?yàn)椋籨ue to 因?yàn)?. ever since 自從以來 since then從那時(shí)起一直到現(xiàn)在8. refer to 意指，涉及9. in terms of 據(jù)；依照according to 根據(jù)；按照10. on （the） one

4、 hand , on the other hand。 一方面.，另一方面11. little by little逐漸地 step by step一點(diǎn)一點(diǎn)地 one by one 一個(gè)一個(gè)地12. with a population of 有人口13. have.in _common with 與有共同之處14. have control over/of 對(duì) 加以控制under the control 在 控制之下take/gain control of取得對(duì) 的控制lost control of失去對(duì) 的控制keep control of 保持對(duì)的控制beyond control無法控制in

5、control of 管理in the control of 失去控制15. of all time 有史以來 all the time 一直;始終 at times 有時(shí);偶爾 at one time 一度;曾經(jīng)16. in common 共同in common with 和相同common practice 慣例common sense常識(shí)17. compare with/to- - 與本目比較 compare notes 交換意見by comparison 本目比之下in comparison with/to 與 本目比Word study:1. range n.排；連續(xù)；山脈；（變化等

6、的）幅度；（知識(shí)等的）范圍；區(qū)域；射程 v.排列，使排隊(duì)；（動(dòng)植物）分布；（在一定范圍內(nèi)）變化，變動(dòng)Between France and Spain is another mountain rang e the Pyrenees.a wide range of廣泛的；各種各樣的a full range of 各種within/in range of 在的范圍內(nèi)beyond/out of one' s range了 的范圍range from.to.在范圍內(nèi)變動(dòng)，包括（由到）之間的各類事物range betweenand在和范圍內(nèi)變動(dòng)range over范圍涉及range in rows

7、 把排成隊(duì)eg. （1）The child was now out of her range of vision這孩子已經(jīng)走出 了她的視線。（2）There is a full range of activities for children.這里有給孩子們提供的各種活動(dòng)。（3）Estimates of the damage range between $ 1 million and $ 5 million.估計(jì)損失在100萬到500萬美元之間。（4）She has had a number of different jobs, ranging from chfo swimming instr

8、uctor.她做過許多不同的工作，從廚師到游泳教練。2. situated = located adj.坐落（某處）的； 位于（某處的）situate vt.使位于，使處于situation n.情形；境遇；（建筑物等的）位置；形勢(shì)，立場(chǎng) be situated on / in/ at 位于 的；處于地位（境遇、狀態(tài)）的be located at/ in/ on 位于 的； 處于位置be badly/well situated 境況困難 /良好be in an embarrassing situations 境尷尬save the situation 挽回局勢(shì)the international

9、 situation 國(guó)際（國(guó)內(nèi)）形勢(shì)feel out the situation 摸清底細(xì)（情況）location n.位置，場(chǎng)所，所在地on location 拍攝外景的，拍攝外景中eg. （1）The school is situated in the suburbs.這所學(xué)校位于交砂卜。（2）He was very badly situated. 他處于困境中。（3）I am now in a difficult situation. 我現(xiàn)在處境困難。辨析：situate /locate(1) be situated on/ in / at 與be located on/ in / a

10、t意義相同，都可表示“位于 的，坐落 在的”意思Where will the school be situated /located?(2) situated做為形容詞用時(shí)，可用于描述人或事物，意思是“處于境況”。-How are you situated?你情況如何？-Very badly.壞極了locate還可以表示“確定某物的位置，找出 的場(chǎng)所”之意。We located the island on the map.3. symbol n.象征；符號(hào)The most popular place for tourists is the Eiffel Tower, the famous sy

11、mbol of Paris. Generally, we use X as the symbol for an unknown quantity. symbol /sign/ signal(1)symbol指作為象征意義或表達(dá)某種深邃意義的特殊事物。sign指人們公認(rèn)的事物的記號(hào)，也可指某種情況的征兆。signal指為某一目的而有意義的信號(hào)。4. opposite prep.在對(duì)面adj.相對(duì)的，對(duì)面的，對(duì)立的，相反的 adv.在對(duì)面n.反義詞，對(duì)立的事物，相反的人The people sitting opposite us looked very familiar.The library i

12、s on the opposite side of the road from our school.opposition n.反對(duì)，敵對(duì)，相反oppositely adv.相對(duì)地，對(duì)立地be opposite from與相反； 不相容be opposite to在對(duì)面； 與相反just the opposite 恰恰相反be opposed to-反對(duì); 反抗in opposition to sb./sth.反對(duì)eg.(1)The people sitting opposite us looked familiar.坐在我們對(duì)面的人看上去面 (2)Light is opposite to s

13、hadow.光亮與陰暗是相反的。(3)Mary isn't shy at alljust the opposite in fact瑪麗一點(diǎn)都不靦腆，事實(shí)上正好相反。(4)We sat opposite talking. 我們相對(duì)而坐，說著話。5. head n.領(lǐng)導(dǎo)；領(lǐng)袖；頭；v.帶領(lǐng)；向方向前進(jìn)In the United Kingdom, for example, the head of state is a king or queen.When the engine caught fire, I just lost my head.當(dāng)head意為“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)；領(lǐng)袖；頭；頭腦”時(shí)是可數(shù)名詞

14、；但作為量詞，表示“多少頭”時(shí) 不可用復(fù)數(shù)。keep one s head 保持冷靜lose one s head頭腦不清醒，慌張a clear/cool head冷靜/清醒的頭腦hold one' s head high昂首挺胸from head to foot從頭到腳；全身；完全head for/toward朝;向ared with China?6. In terms of size and population, how big is the European Union co(a). in terms of = with regard to/according to/in th

15、e light of 據(jù)； 依照； 在 方面The job is great in teams of salary, but it has its e to terms和解；妥協(xié)；讓步come to terms with甘心忍受be on good/bad terms with與關(guān)系彳艮好(壞)in the long (short) term 從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)(眼前)來看in any terms 無論如何，在任何情況下be in terms 在談判 (交涉) 中keep on good (friendly) terms with sb.與某人保持良好(友好)關(guān)系，交朋友

16、keep terms with sb.與某人交往；與某人保持友好關(guān)系be on equal terms關(guān)系平等on one s terms依照某人的條件eg. (1)It is difficult to express it in terms of science.要用科學(xué)的字眼來表達(dá)它是很難的。(2)The figures are expressed in terms of a percentages些數(shù)字是以百分?jǐn)?shù)表示的。(3) In terms of money, her loss was smal從金錢的角度來講，她的損失是很小的。7. little by little 一點(diǎn)一點(diǎn)地，慢

17、慢地，逐漸地bit by bit 一點(diǎn)一點(diǎn)地quite a little美 口大量，豐富little more than 和無差別(一樣)by little and little = little by little 逐漸地，一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)地a little 一點(diǎn)兒a bit of 一點(diǎn)兒 a little bit 少量的a little more /less 有點(diǎn)多 /少quite a bit 頗多eg. (1)Little by little things returned to normal.情況逐漸恢復(fù)正常。(2)Graham was more than a little frightened

18、 by what he had seen.格雷厄姆被他看到的事嚇了 一大跳?！就卣埂浚簄ot a little/not a bit(1)not a little 許多；很=veryShe was . not a little tired after the long journey.經(jīng)過長(zhǎng)途跋涉，她非常累。(2)not a bit一點(diǎn)兒也不=not at allI 'n_not a bit_tired now.我現(xiàn)在一點(diǎn)兒也不累。Really, David is not a bit like his brother as far as generosity is concerned.的

19、確，就慷慨大方這一點(diǎn)來說，大衛(wèi)一點(diǎn)也不像他哥哥。8. last: vi 持續(xù) The rainy season lasted until July.耐久 The coat lasts well.vt.熬過時(shí)候；度過，足夠維持 The food will last us three days.9. influence vt.影響；對(duì)起作用；左右n.影響；作用；影響力have an influence on sb./sth.對(duì)產(chǎn)生影響have influence over sb./ sth對(duì)有影響力under the influence of 受影響 under the influence 喝醉的

20、10. compare v.關(guān)于compare短語：compared with和比較(作狀語,放于句首或句末)compare A to B 把 A 比作 Bcompare A with B 把A和B作比較11. on the other hand 另一方面；反過來說at hand在手邊，在附近； 即將到來，即將發(fā)生 at first hand第一手地，直接地at second handH二手的； 間接的； 舊的； 用過的 on every hand四面八方，四周 on the one hand.; on the other hand.，方面； 另一方面at any hand= in any h

21、and在任何情況下； 無論如何eg. (1) He is an able man, but on the other hand he demands too much of people.他是一個(gè)能干的人，但是另一方面，他對(duì)人要求太多了。(2)On the one hand he loves her very much; on the other hand , he hates her pride.他一方面非常喜歡她，另一方面又討厭她的驕傲?！就卣埂浚簅n the other hand / on the contraryon the other hand表示另一方面”，說明同一件事的兩個(gè)方面，

22、并不表示相反的對(duì)立面。 多用以引出相互矛盾的觀點(diǎn)、意見等。(2)on the contrary表示 相反的"，用于對(duì)比指出與前面事情截然相反的方面。本目當(dāng)于 the opposite is true: not at alleg. (1) I'm sure you like your new job.我相信你喜歡你的新工作一On the contrary : it's very dull.正相反，新工作很乏味。(2)I want to sell the house, but on the other hand I can't bear the thought o

23、f moving.12. sign n.記號(hào)，符 signature n.簽名我想賣掉房子，但另一方面我又無法容忍搬家的想法。號(hào)；跡象；征兆；痕跡 v.簽(名)；做手勢(shì)；做記號(hào)a sign of rain下雨的預(yù)兆 make/give a sign to 對(duì)做手勢(shì)sign for/up簽字領(lǐng)取/報(bào)名參加 sign (your name) here, please.traffic signs交通標(biāo)志talk by signs用手勢(shì)交談sign in/out簽到/簽退sign sb. to do sth.打手勢(shì)讓某人做某事eg. (1)There were no signs of life on

24、the island.那個(gè)島上沒有生物存在的跡象。(2)Nobody moved until I gave the sign. 在我發(fā)信號(hào)之前，誰也沒動(dòng)。(3)He signs (to/for) me to stop.他打手勢(shì)讓我停下。(4)This is a registered letter, and someone will have to sign for it.這是一封掛號(hào)信，必須有人簽收才行。(5)I'm thinking of signing up for the philosophy course this term.我正在考慮這學(xué)期報(bào)名參加哲學(xué)課。13. The Un

25、ited Kingdom is off the northwest coast of continental Europe.off the coast of離陸地不遠(yuǎn)的海上on the coast指在離海面附近的陸地上I once stayed in a town on the south coast of England.He died in a shipwreck off the south coast.句中的。"是介詞，譯為“與相離，脫離”eg. He lives in a villagea little away off the road.他住在離大路不遠(yuǎn)的村子里。It wi

26、ll be a good thing when those old cars are off the roadsiB 些舊車不再上路將是件大好事 from指從某個(gè)起點(diǎn)離開或行為從某個(gè)起點(diǎn)開始；off指離開或脫離某物。continental adj.大陸的，大陸性的continent大陸a continental climate 大陸性氣候continental breakfast歐式早餐（只供應(yīng)面包、咖啡的簡(jiǎn)單早餐）continental shelf 大陸架 continent (C) n.大陸 North America 北美洲continental divide 大陸分水嶺continen

27、tal drift 大陸漂移the Continental Congress 大陸會(huì)議Asia亞洲Africa非洲South America 南美洲Europe 歐洲Australia 澳洲Antarctica 南極洲the New Continent新大陸，指南北美洲大陸14. France is Europe' shird largest country and faces the United Kingdom across theEnglish Channel.Europe' s third largest count胡容詞的 最高級(jí) 級(jí)前加上了序數(shù)詞third來修飾，如

28、 eg. The second most expensive suit cost me 1000 yuanH 二貴的西服花了 我 1000。face n.臉；面，表面 v.面對(duì)，面臨；朝向；正視【拓展】in (the) face of 面對(duì)be faced with 面臨/面對(duì)make a face (= make faces)做鬼臉；扮怪相 face up to大膽面向hit sb. in the face 打中某人的臉 save one 飛face保全面子 lose one ' e fac面子face to face 面對(duì)面with a smile on one's fac

29、e 面帶微笑fly in the face of 公然反抗eg. (1)_Faced with_difficulty, we didn't give in.面對(duì)困難，我們沒有屈服。(2)The house faces (to the) south.這房子朝南。(3)Liu Hulan faced the enemy bravely /with courage文 M胡蘭勇敢地面對(duì)敵人。 (4)If anything goes wrong, it is I who will have to face the music.如果出了什么問題，負(fù)責(zé)任的是我。15. 三種常見倍數(shù)句式：倍數(shù) +as

30、+adj/adv(原型)+as倍數(shù)+adj/adv(比較級(jí))+than倍數(shù) +the size /length /depth of16. Twenty percent of the country is covered by islands. Part of /half of /two thirds of/20 percent of + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) + 復(fù)數(shù)謂語 Part of /half of /two thirds of /20 percent of + 不可數(shù)名詞 + 單數(shù)謂語eg. Nearly 70 percent of the students wear glasse酸近 70%

31、的學(xué)生都戴眼鏡。Half of the food was wasted. 一半的食物都浪費(fèi)了 cover v.覆蓋 cover A with B= A is covered with/by 被.所覆蓋from cover to cover 從頭至U尾under cover 被守護(hù)17. be situated（located） on/in 位于某處 more than 超過； 不僅僅be famous for因而出名be famous as作為而出名be famous to 為所熟知two-thirds三分之二the second largest city 第二個(gè)最大 的 城市be desig

32、ned by （sb.南所設(shè)計(jì)work on 從事not- until 直至才because of 由于in the 1300s 在 14 世紀(jì)last for持續(xù)of all time 一直，有史以來such as例如ever since 從那以后重點(diǎn)句型1. France is Europe 'third largest country and faces the United Kingdom across the English Channel.法國(guó)是歐洲第三大國(guó)，越過英吉利海峽與英國(guó)隔海相望。across prep.傳示運(yùn)動(dòng)）橫過，越過（表示位置）在 的對(duì)面The old ma

33、n walked across the roadcross v.越過cross the street穿過大街crossing （C）十字路口2. Italy is in_ the south of Europe on the coast of the Mediteranean.意大禾【J在歐洲南部on （表示接近）接近于 ，面向一（河川、道路等的）旁邊，沿著，朝著 a town on the river河畔的城鎮(zhèn)Paris is located on the River Seine.巴黎位于塞納河上。on表示事物與另一區(qū)域的接壤關(guān)系；to表示事物對(duì)區(qū)域范圍之外的另一事物的位置；in表不在范圍內(nèi)

34、。3. Their work has influenced other writers ever sincefe們的作品影響了后世的作家。4. The expanded European Union has a population of more than half a billion people,jwice _as big as the population of the United States.擴(kuò)展后的歐盟人口超過五億，是美國(guó)人口的兩倍。II. Lauguage points:2. Gaudi worked on the project from 1882 until his de

35、ath in 1926. work on （sth）繼續(xù)工作，對(duì)起作用”=contribute to 從事，致力于 spend time/energy on sth.eg.他近期一直忙著寫新小說。He is working on his new novel in these days.拓展: work at從事于 致力于 work out 做出； 算出3. Florence is an Italian city which became famous because of the Renaissance, a great artistic movement which began in the

36、 1300s and lasted for three hundred years.1) “Florence is an Italian city”是該句的主要成分，其后 which引導(dǎo)的是定語從句，修飾 city。從句中 “a great artistic movement. 是 the Renaissance勺同位語，這個(gè)同位 語中又包含一個(gè)定語從句“which began in . year§ 來彳飾 movement2) because of 由于,因?yàn)椤?后接 n./doing/pron)=thanks to, owning to, as a result of,due t

37、o, on account of而because!：一個(gè)連詞，后者接句子。試比較： He was late because of the rain yesterday. He was late because it rained yesterday.3) in the 1300s意為“在14世紀(jì)30年代”，注意表示“世紀(jì)年代”時(shí)， 要在年代后加s,類似的表達(dá)有：in one' s thirties在某人三十多歲時(shí)。eg. When he was, he got seriously ill his addiction to smoking.A. in his twenty; becaus

38、e of B. in his twenties; because C. in his twenties; because of4. Their work has influenced over writers ever since.ever since ”從那以后”，要和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)連用，類似的時(shí)間狀語還有sofar, up till now, by now, recently, lately, since last (month), in/for the past+ 一段時(shí) 間,since.ago 等。eg. He came to England three years ago

39、 and has lived here ever since .他三年前來到英國(guó)，從那以后便一直住在這里。I haven 't seennher ten years ago.自十年前至今，我沒見過她。We have completed half of the work so far .到目前為止，我們完成了一半的工作。 The couple have been working very hard for/in the last(past ) ten years.在最近的十年里這對(duì)夫婦一直努力工作?！就卣埂浚?1)It is/was/has beetU時(shí)間段+ since從句(過去時(shí)).

40、自從已經(jīng)多久了It is three years since hejoined the army.他參軍 3 年了。It is three years since hesmoked.他戒煙 3 年了(不吸煙)。(2) It will be/was+時(shí)間段+ before從句再有多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才It was 2 years before wemet each other again.It will not be long before heknows the truth.過不了多久，他就會(huì)知道真相，(3)在It is/was +時(shí)間段+ since.句型中，若since從句中的動(dòng)詞為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，句子意

41、思 要發(fā)生變化。eg. How long do you suppose it is he arrived there?(D)A. when B. before C. afterD. since思維拓展1. opposition U反對(duì)，敵對(duì)oppositely adv相反地2. beside 和 besides 的用法：beside prep.在 的旁邊besides prep. & adv.除了 之外next后接賓語須有to; near為介詞，可直接接賓語3. none與no one none可指人、物，可與of連用，用來回答how many的提問，謂 語單復(fù)數(shù)皆可。no one只可

42、以指人，不與of連用，謂語為單數(shù)，用來回答 who的提問。 Neither, none, no one, nothing示全部否定， not 與 all, both, every 連用表示部分否定。Eg: Both of them won't go there他們兩個(gè)人不會(huì)都去那兒。4. calm 平靜的，沉著的，指無風(fēng)浪的或人的心情不激動(dòng)。still 靜止的，不動(dòng)的，指沒有運(yùn)動(dòng)或動(dòng)作。silent 沉默的，不發(fā)音的。5. paint指用顏料畫，如油畫顏料、水彩或者水墨畫；draw通常指用鉛筆、鋼筆或者粉筆畫，后者一般并不涂上顏色。6. imagination n. 想象力，思想bey

43、ond imagination 出乎意料地draw on (one s) imagination 杜撰，編造have a good imagination 想象力好have a poor imagination 想象力差7. Don t mention it. 不要客氣；不用謝。哪里，哪里(客套話) 。(not) worth mentioning (不)值得一提8. belong to 沒有被動(dòng)形式，無進(jìn)行時(shí)，類似的短語還有 : take place, come about, come out, come up, come true, break out, run out, take part

44、 in。9. increase指形狀、大小、數(shù)量、程度等的增大；enlarge主要指大小、體積、范圍、能力等的增大； multiply 主要指增加數(shù)量，通過繁殖來增加。課文部分練習(xí)題：1 There had been no of life on Mars so far, though great efforts have been made onresearch.A symbol B signC markD signal2 Known a writer, Jin Yong, whose real name is Zha Liangyong, is well known Chinese peop

45、le his wonderful works.A as; for; to B for; to; asC as; to; for D to; as; for3 . with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time.A Faced B Face C FacingD To face4 . For more than 20 years, we've been supporting educational programs thatfromkindergartens to colleges. A spread B move

46、C shift D range5 . in the east of the city, the museum is one of the biggest of its kind in the country.A Locating B Being locatedC Located D To be located6 . The library is on the side of the road from the school.A across B contraryC opposedD opposite7 . (2007 浙tC)The openair celebration has been p

47、ut off the bad weather.A . in case ofB. in spite ofC. instead ofD. because of8 . , the wind died down and people began to appear on the street.A. A little bit B. A bit lessC. Not a little D. Little by little9 . I would like a job which pays more but I enjoy the work I'm doing at the moment.A .in

48、 other words B. on the other handC. for one thing D. as a matter of fact1 0. the northeast coast of the sea, we could find the forest was on fire on the islandthe coast. A . On; on B. Off; off C . On; offD. Off; on2 1. he has limited technical knowledge, the old worker has a lot of experience.A.Sinc

49、eB. Unless C. As D. Although1 2 . Wang Hailing's first book was a great success and she famous as a writer in thearmy ever since. A. had been B. has been C. was D. became Function Part:WordsUsageacrosson the other side of 在另一邊betweenhaving one thing on one side and sth else on the other在之間常構(gòu)成 be

50、tweenandoffaway from 遠(yuǎn)離 off the coasttoin the direction 在的外面，不接壤onnext to, along the side of 接壤,在河邊 on the river/ coastinwithin a place or area 在內(nèi)部【注】：across指從一個(gè)平面上穿過；through指從物體的中間穿過， 給人以立體感across與cross across是介詞，不能在句中作謂語；cross是動(dòng)詞，在句中作謂語4Other prepositions or prepositional phrases( 其他介詞或介詞短語)：Descr

51、ibe locations: On the left/right , in front of , behind, near, next to, opposite, 表達(dá)地點(diǎn)above, below, beside.Describe movement表達(dá)運(yùn)動(dòng):to, from 4Practice：1. The Red Army overcame many difficulties during the Long March, the snow mountain,the river and the forest.A. over; through; across B. over; across; t

52、hroughC. across; through; over D. across; over; through2. Taiwan is the east of Fujian and lies the east of China.A. in; in B. in; to C. to; / D. to; /in3 .The country is a small island the south coast of the Pacific Ocean.A. ofB. from C. offD. on4 . As I came the town, I found many houses had been

53、destroyed by the earthquake.A. throughB. across C. cross D. inThe countries are independent and are governed in different ern vt.統(tǒng)治，控制，管理n. government政府eg. The price is governed by marked demand價(jià)格取決于市場(chǎng)需求。Period 3 grammarPart 1 Subject and Verb agreement 主謂一致（一）主謂一致三原則1 .語法一致的原則。即主語是單數(shù)，謂語為單數(shù)；

54、主語為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語亦為復(fù)數(shù)。eg. He does well in maths.Australia is an extremely rich country.2 .意義一致的原則。根據(jù)主語的意義，而不是形式，決定謂語的數(shù)。eg. The teacher and writeiis going to give us a lecture on writing.那位老師兼作者準(zhǔn)備給我們講講如何寫作。3 .就近一致的原則。即謂語與靠近的那個(gè)主語一致。eg. Either he or I am right.There is a dictionary and some books on the desk.【注

55、】：三個(gè)原則雖然不同，但在具體運(yùn)用中，它們往往是協(xié)調(diào)的，并不矛盾。 eg. Morethan ten students have passed the driving te漱式和意義都是復(fù)數(shù) ）當(dāng)語法一致的原則與意義一致的原則發(fā)生沖突時(shí)，一般堅(jiān)持語法一致的原則。eg. More than one student has passed the driving test.（S；是單數(shù)，意義是復(fù)數(shù) ）（二）主謂一致細(xì)說1.謂語用單數(shù)時(shí)的情況：（1）不可數(shù)名詞做主語時(shí)。eg. Thereis a lot of water in the jar.【注】：不可數(shù)名詞前若有表示數(shù)量的物量詞，則謂語動(dòng)詞與物量

56、詞本身的形式一致。eg.One million tons of oil were produced last year.（2）不定式短語（to do）、動(dòng)名詞短語（doing sth.）和從句做主語時(shí)。eg. That she will come here tomorrowis certain.Taking more exercisesis healthy.【注】：what從句做主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的形式主要取決于后面的表語是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。試比較：What they want is nothing but a rest. 和 What he wantsare two books.當(dāng)what從句表示所說的話或所做的事時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)。eg. What he saidhas left us much to think about.(3)主語是形單意單的詞 主語若是單數(shù)名詞，后面盡管跟有as well as， with ， together with ， besides， except，but ， including ， rather than 等引導(dǎo)的短語，謂語仍用